JP2014178708A - 光硬化性樹脂組成物、そのドライフィルム及び硬化物並びにそれらを用いたプリント配線板 - Google Patents
光硬化性樹脂組成物、そのドライフィルム及び硬化物並びにそれらを用いたプリント配線板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014178708A JP2014178708A JP2014115104A JP2014115104A JP2014178708A JP 2014178708 A JP2014178708 A JP 2014178708A JP 2014115104 A JP2014115104 A JP 2014115104A JP 2014115104 A JP2014115104 A JP 2014115104A JP 2014178708 A JP2014178708 A JP 2014178708A
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Landscapes
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Abstract
【解決手段】アルカリ溶液により現像可能な光硬化性樹脂組成物は、カルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂、光重合開始剤、及びフィラーを含み、上記フィラーの含有量は、組成物の不揮発成分全体量の25〜40容量%であり、屈折率は1.50〜1.65の範囲にあることが好ましい。
【選択図】なし
Description
従って、本発明の目的は、ソルダーレジストとソルダーレジストの下地となる基板との線膨張係数を一致させることにより、冷熱サイクル時に生じるソルダーレジストのクラックの発生や剥がれを抑制することにある。また、これらの特性に加えて、従来からのプリント配線板のソルダーレジストや多層配線板の層間絶縁材料等に要求される耐熱性、密着性、解像性、無電解めっき耐性、PCT耐性等の特性を向上させ、且つ、特にICパッケージに要求される弾性や強靭性等の特性に優れる硬化皮膜が得られ、プリント配線板の高密度化、面実装化に対応可能で、アルカリ現像可能な光硬化性樹脂組成物を提供することにある。
さらに本発明の目的は、このような光硬化性樹脂組成物を用いることによって得られる上記のような諸特性に優れたドライフィルム及び硬化物、並びに該ドライフィルムや硬化物によりソルダーレジスト等の硬化皮膜が形成されてなるプリント配線板を提供することにある。
さらに本発明によれば、前記光硬化性樹脂組成物又はドライフィルムをパターン状に光硬化させ、好ましくはさらに熱硬化して得られる硬化皮膜を有することを特徴とするプリント配線板も提供される。
カルボキシル基含有樹脂の具体例としては、以下に列挙するような化合物(オリゴマー及びポリマーのいずれでもよい)を好適に使用できる。
なお、本明細書において、(メタ)アクリレートとは、アクリレート、メタクリレート及びそれらの混合物を総称する用語で、他の類似の表現についても同様である。
また、前記カルボキシル基含有樹脂の酸価は、40〜200mgKOH/gの範囲が適当であり、より好ましくは45〜120mgKOH/gの範囲である。カルボキシル基含有樹脂の酸価が40mgKOH/g未満であるとアルカリ現像が困難となり、一方、200mgKOH/gを超えると現像液による露光部の溶解が進むために、必要以上にラインが痩せたり、場合によっては、露光部と未露光部の区別なく現像液で溶解剥離してしまい、正常なレジストパターンの描画が困難となるので好ましくない。
アントラキノン化合物としては、具体的には、例えば2−メチルアントラキノン、2−エチルアントラキノン、2−t−ブチルアントラキノン、1−クロロアントラキノンなどが挙げられる。
このような3級アミン化合物の配合量としては、カルボキシル基含有樹脂100質量部に対して、0.1〜20質量部であることが好ましい。3級アミン化合物の配合量が0.1質量部未満であると、十分な増感効果を得ることができない傾向にある。20質量部を超えると、3級アミン化合物による乾燥ソルダーレジスト塗膜の表面での光吸収が激しくなり、深部硬化性が低下する傾向がある。より好ましくは0.1〜10質量部である。
このような光重合開始剤、光開始助剤、および増感剤の総量は、前記カルボン酸含有樹脂100質量部に対して35質量部以下であることが好ましい。35質量部を超えると、これらの光吸収により深部硬化性が低下する傾向にある。
これらの中でも、2−メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール、2−メルカプトベンゾオキサゾール、2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール(川口化学工業(株)製:商品名アクセルM)、3−メルカプト−4−メチル−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール、5−メチル−1,3,4−チアジアゾール−2−チオール、1−フェニル−5−メルカプト−1H−テトラゾールが好ましい。
芳香族ポリイソシアネートの具体例としては、例えば、4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネート、2,6−トリレンジイソシアネート、ナフタレン−1,5−ジイソシアネート、o−キシリレンジイソシアネート、m−キシリレンジイソシアネート及び2,4−トリレンダイマー等が挙げられる。
赤色着色剤としてはモノアゾ系、ジズアゾ系、アゾレーキ系、ベンズイミダゾロン系、ペリレン系、ジケトピロロピロール系、縮合アゾ系、アントラキノン系、キナクリドン系などがあり、具体的には以下のようなカラ−インデックス(C.I.;ザ ソサイエティ オブ ダイヤーズ アンド カラリスツ(The Society of Dyers and Colourists)発行)番号が付されているものが挙げられる。
モノアゾ系:Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 112, 114, 146, 147, 151, 170, 184, 187, 188, 193, 210, 245, 253, 258, 266, 267, 268, 269。
ジスアゾ系:Pigment Red 37, 38, 41。
モノアゾレーキ系:Pigment Red 48:1, 48:2, 48:3, 48:4, 49:1, 49:2, 50:1, 52:1, 52:2, 53:1, 53:2, 57:1, 58:4, 63:1, 63:2, 64:1,68。
ベンズイミダゾロン系:Pigment Red 171、Pigment Red 175、Pigment Red 176、Pigment Red 185、Pigment Red 208。
ぺリレン系:Solvent Red 135、Solvent Red 179、Pigment Red 123、Pigment Red 149、Pigment Red 166、Pigment Red 178、Pigment Red 179、Pigment Red 190、Pigment Red 194、Pigment Red 224。
ジケトピロロピロール系:Pigment Red 254、Pigment Red 255、Pigment Red 264、Pigment Red 270、Pigment Red 272。
縮合アゾ系:Pigment Red 220、Pigment Red 144、Pigment Red 166、Pigment Red 214、Pigment Red 220、Pigment Red 221、Pigment Red 242。
アンスラキノン系:Pigment Red 168、Pigment Red 177、Pigment Red 216、Solvent Red 149、Solvent Red 150、Solvent Red 52、Solvent Red 207。
キナクリドン系:Pigment Red 122、Pigment Red 202、Pigment Red 206、Pigment Red 207、Pigment Red 209。
青色着色剤としてはフタロシアニン系、アントラキノン系があり、顔料系はピグメント(Pigment)に分類されている化合物、具体的には、下記のようなものを挙げることができる:Pigment Blue 15、Pigment Blue 15:1、Pigment Blue 15:2、Pigment Blue 15:3、Pigment Blue 15:4、Pigment Blue 15:6、Pigment Blue 16、Pigment Blue 60。
染料系としては、Solvent Blue 35、Solvent Blue 63、Solvent Blue 68、Solvent Blue 70、Solvent Blue 83、Solvent Blue 87、Solvent Blue 94、Solvent Blue 97、Solvent Blue 122、Solvent Blue 136、Solvent Blue 67、Solvent Blue 70等を使用することができる。上記以外にも、金属置換もしくは無置換のフタロシアニン化合物も使用することができる。
緑色着色剤としては、同様にフタロシアニン系、アントラキノン系、ペリレン系があり、具体的にはPigment Green 7、Pigment Green 36、Solvent Green 3、Solvent Green 5、Solvent Green 20、Solvent Green 28等を使用することができる。上記以外にも、金属置換もしくは無置換のフタロシアニン化合物も使用することができる。
黄色着色剤としてはモノアゾ系、ジスアゾ系、縮合アゾ系、ベンズイミダゾロン系、イソインドリノン系、アントラキノン系等があり、具体的には以下のものが挙げられる。
アントラキノン系:Solvent Yellow 163、Pigment Yellow 24、Pigment Yellow 108、Pigment Yellow 193、Pigment Yellow 147、Pigment Yellow 199、Pigment Yellow 202。
イソインドリノン系:Pigment Yellow 110、Pigment Yellow 109、Pigment Yellow 139、Pigment Yellow 179、Pigment Yellow 185。
縮合アゾ系:Pigment Yellow 93、Pigment Yellow 94、Pigment Yellow 95、Pigment Yellow 128、Pigment Yellow 155、Pigment Yellow 166、Pigment Yellow 180。
ベンズイミダゾロン系:Pigment Yellow 120、Pigment Yellow 151、Pigment Yellow 154、Pigment Yellow 156、Pigment Yellow 175、Pigment Yellow 181。
モノアゾ系:Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 61, 62, 62:1, 65, 73, 74, 75, 97, 100, 104, 105, 111, 116, 167, 168, 169, 182, 183。
ジスアゾ系:Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 55, 63, 81, 83, 87, 126, 127, 152, 170, 172, 174, 176, 188, 198。
具体的に例示すれば、Pigment Violet 19、23、29、32、36、38、42、Solvent Violet 13、36、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ1、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ5、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ13、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ14、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ16、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ17、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ24、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ34、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ36、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ38、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ40、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ43、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ46、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ49、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ51、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ61、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ63、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ64、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ71、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ73、C.I.ピグメントブラウン23、C.I.ピグメントブラウン25、C.I.ピグメントブラック1、C.I.ピグメントブラック7等がある。
このような分子中に複数のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物の配合量は、カルボキシル基含有樹脂100質量部に対して、5〜100質量部が好ましい。配合量が、5質量部未満の場合、光硬化性が低下し、活性エネルギー線照射後のアルカリ現像により、パターン形成が困難となる。一方、100質量部を超えた場合、希アルカリ水溶液に対する溶解性が低下して、塗膜が脆くなる。より好ましくは、1〜70質量部である。
このような有機溶剤としては、ケトン類、芳香族炭化水素類、グリコールエーテル類、グリコールエーテルアセテート類、エステル類、アルコール類、脂肪族炭化水素、石油系溶剤などが挙げることができる。より具体的には、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;トルエン、キシレン、テトラメチルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素類;セロソルブ、メチルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、カルビトール、メチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のグリコールエーテル類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、ジプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールブチルエーテルアセテートなどのエステル類;エタノール、プロパノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等のアルコール類;オクタン、デカン等の脂肪族炭化水素;石油エーテル、石油ナフサ、水添石油ナフサ、ソルベントナフサ等の石油系溶剤などである。このような有機溶剤は、単独で又は2種以上の混合物として用いられる。
過酸化物分解剤は市販のものであってもよく、例えば、アデカスタブTPP(旭電化社製)、マークAO−412S(アデカ・アーガス化学社製)、スミライザーTPS(住友化学社製)等が挙げられる。このような酸化防止剤は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
このような紫外線吸収剤としては、ベンゾフェノン誘導体、ベンゾエート誘導体、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体、トリアジン誘導体、ベンゾチアゾール誘導体、シンナメート誘導体、アントラニレート誘導体、ジベンゾイルメタン誘導体等が挙げられる。
紫外線吸収剤としては、市販のものであってもよく、例えば、TINUVI PS、TINUVIN 99−2、TINUVIN 109、TINUVIN 384−2、TINUVIN 900、TINUVIN 928、TINUVIN 1130、TINUVIN 400、TINUVIN 405、TINUVIN 460、TINUVIN 479(いずれもチバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製)等が挙げられる。このような紫外線吸収剤は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができ、酸化防止剤と併用することで、本発明の光硬化性樹脂組成物より得られる成形物の安定化を図ることができる。
そして、約60〜100℃の温度で、組成物中に含まれる有機溶剤を揮発乾燥(仮乾燥)させ、タックフリーの塗膜(樹脂絶縁層)を形成する。このとき、揮発乾燥は、熱風循環式乾燥炉、IR炉、ホットプレート、コンベクションオーブン等(蒸気による空気加熱方式の熱源を備えたものを用いて乾燥機内の熱風を向流接触させる方法及びノズルより支持体に吹き付ける方式)を用いて行うことができる。
ドライフィルムは、例えばポリエチレンテレフタレート等のキャリアフィルムと、ソルダーレジスト層などの樹脂絶縁層と、必要に応じて用いられる剥離可能なカバーフィルムとが、この順序に積層された構造を有するものである。
カバーフィルムとしては、ポリエチレンフィルム、ポリプロピレンフィルム等を使用することができるが、ソルダーレジスト層との接着力が、キャリアフィルムよりも小さいものが良い。
活性エネルギー線照射に用いられる露光機としては、直接描画装置(例えばコンピューターからのCADデータにより直接レーザーで画像を描くレーザーダイレクトイメージング装置)、メタルハライドランプを搭載した露光機、(超)高圧水銀ランプを搭載した露光機、水銀ショートアークランプを搭載した露光機、もしくは(超)高圧水銀ランプ等の紫外線ランプを使用した直接描画装置を用いることができる。
このとき、現像方法としては、ディッピング法、シャワー法、スプレー法、ブラシ法等によることができる。また、現像液としては、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、アンモニア、アミン類等のアルカリ水溶液を用いることができる。
温度計、窒素導入装置兼アルキレンオキシド導入装置及び撹拌装置を備えたオートクレーブに、ノボラック型クレゾール樹脂(商品名「ショーノールCRG951」、昭和高分子(株)製、OH当量:119.4)119.4部、水酸化カリウム1.19部及びトルエン119.4部を仕込み、撹拌しつつ系内を窒素置換し、加熱昇温した。次に、プロピレンオキシド63.8部を徐々に滴下し、125〜132℃、0〜4.8kg/cm2で16時間反応させた。その後、室温まで冷却し、この反応溶液に89%リン酸1.56部を添加混合して水酸化カリウムを中和し、不揮発分62.1%、水酸基価が182.2g/eq.であるノボラック型クレゾール樹脂のプロピレンオキシド反応溶液を得た。これは、フェノール性水酸基1当量当りアルキレンオキシドが平均1.08モル付加しているものであった。
得られたノボラック型クレゾール樹脂のアルキレンオキシド反応溶液293.0部、アクリル酸43.2部、メタンスルホン酸11.53部、メチルハイドロキノン0.18部及びトルエン252.9部を、撹拌機、温度計及び空気吹き込み管を備えた反応器に仕込み、空気を10ml/分の速度で吹き込み、撹拌しながら、110℃で12時間反応させた。反応により生成した水は、トルエンとの共沸混合物として、12.6部の水が留出した。その後、室温まで冷却し、得られた反応溶液を15%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液35.35部で中和し、次いで水洗した。その後、エバポレーターにてトルエンをジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート118.1部で置換しつつ留去し、ノボラック型アクリレート樹脂溶液を得た。次に、得られたノボラック型アクリレート樹脂溶液332.5部及びトリフェニルホスフィン1.22部を、撹拌器、温度計及び空気吹き込み管を備えた反応器に仕込み、空気を10ml/分の速度で吹き込み、撹拌しながら、テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物60.8部を徐々に加え、95〜101℃で6時間反応させ、冷却後、取り出した。このようにして、不揮発分65%、固形物の酸価87.7mgKOH/gのカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂の溶液(以下、A−1と略称する)を得た。
クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(エピクロンN−695、DIC(株)製、エポキシ当量220)330gを、ガス導入管、撹拌装置、冷却管及び温度計を備えたフラスコに入れ、カルビトールアセテート340gを加え、加熱溶解し、ハイドロキノン0.46gと、トリフェニルホスフィン1.38gを加えた。この混合物を95〜105℃に加熱し、アクリル酸108gを徐々に滴下し、16時間反応させた。この反応生成物を、80〜90℃まで冷却し、テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物68gを加え、8時間反応させ、冷却させた。このようにして、固形物の酸価50mgKOH/g、不揮発分60%のカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂の溶液(以下、A−4と略称する)を得た。
上記合成例の樹脂溶液を用い、下記表1に示す種々の成分と共に表1に示す割合(質量部)にて配合し、攪拌機にて予備混合した後、3本ロールミルで混練し、ソルダーレジスト用感光性樹脂組成物を調製した。
*1: ZFR−1401H(不揮発分65.0%、固形分酸価100mgKOH/g、日本化薬(株)製)
*2: ZCR−1601H(不揮発分65.0%、固形分酸価100mgKOH/g、日本化薬(株)製)
*3: エタノン,1−[9−エチル−6−(2−メチルベンゾイル)−9H−カルバゾール−3−イル]1,1−(O−アセチルオキシム)(チバ・スペシャルティー・ケミカルズ社製)
*4: ルシリンTPO(BASF社製)
*5: 日本タルク(株)製SG−2000(屈折率:1.57)
*6: 堺化学工業(株)製B−33(屈折率:1.64)
*7: 昭和電工(株)製ハイジライトH−42M(屈折率:1.65)
*8: 堺化学工業(株)製MGZ−3(屈折率:1.58)
*9: Nabaltec社製ACTILOX400SM(屈折率:1.62)
*10: (株)アドマテックス製SO−E2(屈折率:1.45)
*11: 協和化学工業(株)製DHT−4A(屈折率:1.50)
*12: エポキシ化ポリブタジエン(分子量:3000、エポキシ当量:200、ダイセル化学(株)製)
*13: 水酸基末端ポリブタジエン(出光興産(株)製)
*14: 2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール(川口化学工業(株)製)
*15: 2,4,6−トリメルカプト−s−トリアジン(三協化成(株)製)
*16: 1,4−ビス(3−メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(昭和電工(株)製)
*17: ビキシレノール型エポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製)
*18: ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂(東都化成社製)
*19: 酸化防止剤(チバ・スペシャリティー・ケミカルズ社製)
*20: ブロックイソシアネート(旭化成ケミカルズ(株)製)
*21: C.I.Pigment Blue 15:3
*22: C.I.Pigment Yellow 147
*23: ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート(日本化薬(株)製)
*24: トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレート(新中村化学工業(株)製)
前記実施例及び比較例の組成物を、パターン形成された銅箔基板上にスクリーン印刷で全面塗布し、80℃で30分乾燥し、室温まで放冷した。この基板に高圧水銀灯を搭載した露光装置を用いて最適露光量でソルダーレジストパターンを露光し、30℃の1wt%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液をスプレー圧0.2MPaの条件で90秒間現像を行い、レジストパターンを得た。この基板を、UVコンベア炉にて積算露光量1000mJ/cm2の条件で紫外線照射した後、160℃で60分加熱して硬化した。得られたプリント基板(評価基板)に対して以下のように特性を評価した。
ロジン系フラックスを塗布した評価基板を、予め260℃に設定したはんだ槽に浸漬し、変性アルコールでフラックスを洗浄した後、目視によるレジスト層の膨れ・剥がれについて評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
◎:10秒間浸漬を6回以上繰り返しても剥がれが認められない。
○:10秒間浸漬を3回以上繰り返しても剥がれが認められない。
△:10秒間浸漬を3回以上繰り返すと少し剥がれる。
×:10秒間浸漬を3回以内にレジスト層に膨れ、剥がれがある。
市販品の無電解ニッケルめっき浴及び無電解金めっき浴を用いて、ニッケル0.5μm、金0.03μmの条件でめっきを行い、テープピーリングにより、レジスト層の剥がれの有無やめっきのしみ込みの有無を評価した後、テープピーリングによりレジスト層の剥がれの有無を評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
◎:染み込み、剥がれが見られない。
○:めっき後に少し染み込みが確認されるが、テープピール後は剥がれない。
△:めっき後にほんの僅かしみ込みが見られ、テープピール後に剥がれも見られる。
×:めっき後に剥がれがある。
121℃、2気圧、湿度100%の高圧高温高湿槽に168時間入れ、硬化塗膜の状態変化を評価した。以下の評価基準で評価した。
◎:顕著な膨れ、変色なし。
×:顕著な膨れ、変色あり。
−55℃で30分間、125℃で30分間を1サイクルとして熱履歴を加え、1000サイクル経過後、光学顕微鏡観察した。
◎:クラック発生なし。
△:クラック発生あり。
×:クラック発生著しい。
解像性評価用ネガマスクとしてビア開口径60μmを有するネガパターンを用い、ソルダーレジスト開口部のボトム径を1000倍の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察及び測長を行い、以下の評価基準で評価した。
◎:ボトム径が55〜60μm。
○:ボトム径が50〜55μm。
×:ボトム径が50μm未満。
3mm×10mmのサイズの硬化塗膜を、セイコーインスツールメンツ社製TMA6100にて10gの荷重を加えながら一定の昇温速度で0℃−260℃の温度範囲で引張り試験を行った。温度に対する硬化塗膜の伸び量から線膨張係数を算出した。
上記各試験の結果を表2にまとめて示す。
Claims (7)
- 前記フィラーがBa又はMg及び/又はAlを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の光硬化性樹脂組成物を、フィルムに塗布・乾燥して得られるドライフィルム。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の光硬化性樹脂組成物を基材に塗布し、活性エネルギー線の照射により光硬化させて得られることを特徴とする硬化物。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の光硬化性樹脂組成物を、基材に塗布・乾燥し、活性エネルギー線の照射により光硬化させて得られる硬化物のパターンを有することを特徴とするプリント配線板。
- 請求項3記載のドライフィルムを、基材にラミネートし、活性エネルギー線照射により光硬化させて得られることを特徴とする硬化物。
- 請求項3記載のドライフィルムを基材にラミネートし、活性エネルギー線の照射により光硬化させて得られる硬化物のパターンを有することを特徴とするプリント配線板。
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