JP2014077370A - 排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014077370A JP2014077370A JP2012224133A JP2012224133A JP2014077370A JP 2014077370 A JP2014077370 A JP 2014077370A JP 2012224133 A JP2012224133 A JP 2012224133A JP 2012224133 A JP2012224133 A JP 2012224133A JP 2014077370 A JP2014077370 A JP 2014077370A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 108010066278 cabin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/087—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits having valves upstream of silencing apparatus for by-passing at least part of exhaust directly to atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2390/00—Arrangements for controlling or regulating exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】本願発明の排気ガス浄化装置27は、エンジン12からの排気ガスを浄化する浄化触媒62,63を少なくとも収容する浄化ケーシング61を備える。前記浄化触媒62,63を通過せずに前記排気ガスを迂回させるバイパス経路29を、前記浄化触媒62,63のある浄化経路28とは別に、前記浄化ケーシング61に一体的に設ける。
【選択図】図5
Description
まず始めに、図1を参照しながら、船舶1の概要について説明する。第1実施形態の船舶1は、船体2と、船体2におけるデッキ3上の後部に設けられたキャビン4と、キャビン4の後方に配置されたファンネル5(煙突)と、船体2の後方下部に設けられたプロペラ6及び舵7とを備えている。船体2内の後部にある機関室には、プロペラ6の駆動源である主エンジン8及び減速機9と、船舶2内の電気系統に電力を供給するための発電装置10とが設置されている。主エンジン8から減速機9を経由した回転動力によって、プロペラ6が回転駆動することになる。
次に、図2を参照しながら、発電装置10の構造について説明する。発電装置10は、発電用ディーゼルエンジン12(以下、発電用エンジンという)と、発電用エンジン12の駆動にて発電する発電機13とを組み合わせたディーゼル発電機11を備えたものである。発電機13の駆動にて生じた発電電力は船舶2内の電気系統に供給される。発電機13は、発電機制御盤14内の電力トランスデューサ15に電気的に接続されている。電力トランスデューサ15は発電機13による発電電力を検出するためのものである。電力トランスデューサ15の検出情報に基づき発電電力が発電機制御盤14にて予め設定された目標電力と一致するように、発電用エンジン12の駆動は制御される。電力トランスデューサ15は、後述する還元剤供給装置43のコントローラ55にも電気的に接続されている。
次に、図2及び図3を参照しながら、発電装置10の燃料系統について説明する。船体2内には、発電用エンジン12の燃料(重油)を貯留する燃料タンク16が設置されている。燃料タンク16には供給管路17が接続されている。供給管路17の上流側には、燃料入口バルブ18と燃料フィルタ19と燃料流量計20とが設けられている。燃料流量計20は、後述する還元剤供給装置43のコントローラ55に電気的に接続されている。
次に、図2及び図4を参照しながら、発電装置10の吸排気系統について説明する。発電用エンジン12には、空気取り込み用の吸気経路(図示省略)と排気ガス排出用の排気経路25とが接続されている。吸気経路を通じて取り込まれた空気は、発電用エンジン12の各気筒内(吸気行程の気筒内)に送られる。そして、各気筒の圧縮行程完了時に、燃料タンク16から吸い上げられた燃料を燃料噴射装置にて気筒毎の燃焼室(副室)内に圧送することにより、各燃焼室にて混合気の自己着火燃焼に伴う膨張行程が行われる。
次に、図2及び図4を参照しながら、還元剤供給装置43の構造について説明する。還元剤供給装置43は、排気経路25内の排気ガスにNOx還元用の還元剤を供給するためのものであり、還元剤供給通路44と還元剤制御盤45とを備えている。還元剤供給通路44の一端側は、還元剤としての尿素水溶液(以下、尿素水という)を貯留する尿素水タンク46に接続されている。還元剤供給通路44の他端側は、排気経路25のうち浄化経路28とバイパス経路29との分岐部よりも上流側に設けられた還元剤供給部としての尿素水噴射ノズル47に接続されている。なお、尿素水噴射ノズル47は、浄化経路とバイパス経路29との分岐部より下流側に設けても構わない。
次に、図2、図4及び図5を参照しながら、後処理装置27の構造について説明する。後処理装置27は、角筒型に形成された耐熱金属材料製の浄化ケーシング61内に、上流側から順に、排気ガス中のNOxの還元を促進させるNOx触媒62と、余分に供給された還元剤(実施形態では加水分解後のアンモニア)の酸化処理を促進させるスリップ処理触媒63とを直列に並べて収容したものである。各触媒62,63は、多孔質な(ろ過可能な)隔壁にて区画された多数個のセルからなるハニカム構造になっており、例えばアルミナ、ジルコニア、バナジア/チタニア又はゼオライト等の触媒金属を有している。
(NH2)2CO+H2O → 2NH3+CO2(加水分解)
NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O(NOx触媒62での反応)
4NH3+3O2 → 2N2+6H2O(スリップ処理触媒63での反応)
が生ずる。
以上の構成によると、エンジン12の排気経路25中に設ける排気ガス浄化装置27であって、前記エンジン12からの排気ガスを浄化する浄化触媒62,63を少なくとも収容する浄化ケーシング61を備えており、前記浄化触媒62,63を通過せずに前記排気ガスを迂回させるバイパス経路29を、前記浄化触媒62,63のある浄化経路28とは別に、前記浄化ケーシング61に一体的に設けているから、排気ガスの浄化処理が必要な場合(規制海域内の航行中)は排気ガスを前記浄化経路28側に送り、浄化処理が不要な場合(規制海域外の航行中)は排気ガスを前記バイパス経路29側に送ればよい。従って、排気ガスの効率よい処理と、前記浄化触媒62,63の長寿命化とが可能になる。
次に、図6を参照しながら、第2実施形態の後処理装置27の構造について説明する。なお、第2実施形態以降の実施形態において、構成及び作用が第1実施形態と変わらないものには、第1実施形態と同じ符号を付してその詳細な説明を省略する。第2実施形態では、浄化経路28とバイパス経路29との分岐部に、経路切換部材として気体作動式のスイングバルブ80を設けた点において、第1実施形態と相違している。スイングバルブ80は、浄化経路28の入口側及びバイパス経路29の入口側のうち一方を開放すると他方を閉止するように構成している。
次に、図7を参照しながら、第3実施形態の後処理装置27の構造について説明する。第3実施形態でも、浄化経路28とバイパス経路29との分岐部に、経路切換部材として気体作動式のスイングバルブ90を設けた点において、第1実施形態と相違している。
12 発電用ディーゼルエンジン
25 排気経路
27 後処理装置(排気ガス浄化装置)
28 浄化経路
29 バイパス経路
30 浄化側切換バルブ
31 バイパス側切換バルブ
61 浄化ケーシング
62 NOx触媒
63 スリップ処理触媒
64 仕切板
66 出口部
71 二股配管
80,90 スイングバルブ
Claims (12)
- エンジンの排気経路中に設ける排気ガス浄化装置であって、
前記エンジンからの排気ガスを浄化する浄化触媒を少なくとも収容する浄化ケーシングを備えており、
前記浄化触媒を通過せずに前記排気ガスを迂回させるバイパス経路を、前記浄化触媒のある浄化経路とは別に、前記浄化ケーシングに一体的に設けている、
排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記浄化ケーシング内に前記バイパス経路を設けている、
請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記浄化ケーシング内は、前記排気ガスの排出方向に沿って延びる仕切板によって、前記浄化経路と前記バイパス経路とに区画している、
請求項2に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記仕切板で前記浄化ケーシング内を区画することによって、前記排気ガスが前記バイパス経路を通過する際に、前記排気ガスの熱を用いて前記浄化経路側の前記浄化触媒を暖機するように構成している、
請求項3に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記浄化ケーシングの出口部において、前記浄化経路と前記バイパス経路とを合流させている、
請求項2〜4のうちいずれかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記浄化経路と前記バイパス経路との分岐部に、前記排気ガスの排出方向を前記浄化経路と前記バイパス経路とに切り換える経路切換部材を設けている、
請求項1〜5のうちいずれかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記経路切換部材は、前記浄化経路の入口側及び前記バイパス経路の入口側にそれぞれ設けた切換バルブによって構成し、前記両切換バルブは一方を開放すると他方を閉止するように作動する、
請求項6に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記両切換バルブは、リンク機構を介して一方を開放すると他方を閉止するように連動連結し、前記両切換バルブのうちいずれか一方に、開閉作動用の駆動機構を連結している、
請求項7に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記経路切換部材は、前記浄化経路の入口側及び前記バイパス経路の入口側のうち一方を開放すると他方を閉止するスイングバルブによって構成している、
請求項6に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記浄化ケーシングにおける前記浄化触媒の上流側には、前記浄化触媒に気体を吹き付ける噴気部を設けている、
請求項1〜9のうちいずれかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記排気ガスが前記バイパス経路を通過する際に、前記噴気部からの気体の噴出を停止するように構成している、
請求項10に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。 - 前記排気ガスにNOx還元用の還元剤を供給する還元剤供給部を備え、前記排気ガスが前記バイパス経路を通過する際に、前記還元剤供給部からの前記還元剤の供給を停止するように構成している、
請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
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CN105986871B (zh) * | 2015-02-11 | 2019-08-09 | 天纳克(苏州)排放系统有限公司 | 排气清理系统、联动阀的应用以及维修方法 |
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CN109184879B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-10-29 | 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 | 一种发动机排气消音装置 |
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