JP2014012632A - 球状フェライトナノ粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】十分に酸素を除去した純水に二糖類を溶かす工程102、塩化第一鉄などの2価鉄イオンを加える工程104、フェライト微粒子などのの種結晶を分散させる工程106、NaOHなどのアルカリを添加する工程108、NaNO3などの酸化剤を添加する工程110、粒子成長させる工程112、洗浄、磁気分離する工程114を含む球状フェライトナノ粒子116の製造方法。
【選択図】図1
Description
(2005) 503.)や逆ミセル法(非特許文献2: S. Sun and H. Zeng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 8204.)など有機溶媒中でフェライトナノ粒子を合成する方法では、球形で、粒径分布の非常に狭いマグネタイトが得られる。しかしながら、この方法では16nm以上の粒径の粒子が得られていないことや、得られた粒子の表面は界面活性剤で覆われているなどの課題がある。粒子表面を覆っている界面活性剤は粒子を有機溶媒中に分散させるものであって疎水性を示し、水溶液中での分散は困難である。また、粒子表面に界面活性剤が存在すると、生体分子やポリマーを粒子表面に固定化することが困難であるという問題もある。
二糖類の存在下で種粒子を用い、フェライトナノ粒子を作製した。まず、窒素ガスを用いたバブリングにより、純水から酸素を十分に除去し、二糖類に属する糖としてサッカロースを溶解し、その後塩化第一鉄を溶解した。次に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、種粒子の順に加え、最後に酸化剤である硝酸ナトリウムを加えた。こうして得られた溶液を耐熱耐圧密閉容器に入れ、水熱法で粒子を成長させた。次に室温に冷却した液に対し、磁石を用い、生成したナノ粒子を磁気分離して回収し、液を除去した後、純水中に分散し、磁気分離によって回収し、再び純水中に分散し、磁気分離によって回収するという操作を繰返してナノ粒子を純水洗浄し、フェライトナノ粒子を得た。
水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH:和光純薬) 0.1 M、
硝酸ナトリウム(NaNO3:和光純薬) 0.2 M、
種粒子(共沈法で作製のマグネタイト、平均粒径8 nm) 2.7 mg/40 mL
二糖類の糖:サッカロース:(和光純薬) 0.5 M
セロビオースは、還元二糖であるので、酸化剤の濃度を1.0 Mと多くし、実施例1の組成における二糖類をサッカロースからセロビオースに変え、その添加量を0.25 Mとし、それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法でフェライトナノ粒子の合成を行なった。
実施例2の組成における二糖類をセロビオースからマルトースに変え、それ以外は実施例2と同じ方法でフェライトナノ粒子の合成を行なった。
実施例2の組成における二糖類をセロビオースからラクトースに変え、それ以外は実施例2と同じ方法でフェライトナノ粒子の合成を行なった。
トレハロースはサッカロースと同じく、非還元二糖であるので、酸化剤の濃度を0.2 Mとし、実施例1の組成における二糖類をサッカロースからトレハロースに変え、それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法でフェライトナノ粒子の合成を行なった。
実施例2における種粒子を2.7mg/40mLから13.5mg/40mLに増し、それ以外は実施例2と同じ方法でフェライトナノ粒子の合成を行なった。その結果、合成されたフェライトナノ粒子の数を多くすることができ、他方で粒径を約50 nm±6nmにまで小さくすることができた。得られた粒子の透過型電子顕微鏡写真を図6に示す。図6において、(a)は種粒子の投入量が2.7mg/40mLの場合、(b)は種粒子の投入量を13.5mg/40mLに増した場合を示す。種粒子の投入量を13.5mg/40mLに増した場合にも種粒子の投入量が2.7mg/40mLの場合と同様に、合成されたフェライトナノ粒子は粒子形状はよく整った球形であり、しかもその大きさがよく揃った状態が維持されている。
実施例1の組成に対し、サッカロースの濃度を0.5 Mから0.75 M、1.0 Mへと高濃度側に変化させた場合に、合成される粒子に及ぼす影響を調べた。
実施例1の組成にて、加熱温度を50 ℃から150 ℃まで、また加熱時間を1時間から24時間まで変化させ、粒子合成に及ぼす影響を調べた。
実施例1の組成において、この組成に少量の塩化第二鉄を加えて3価の鉄イオンを含有させることによるフェライトナノ粒子合成に及ぼす影響を調べた。
サッカロースと水酸化ナトリウムと硝酸ナトリウムを含有した水溶液を窒素で脱酸素した後、90 ℃に加熱した。水溶液が90 ℃に上昇した後に、種粒子と塩化第一鉄を溶解した水溶液を加えた。90 ℃に保ちながら窒素を送入しつつ攪拌し、粒子を成長させた。3時間後冷却し、磁気回収と純水洗浄を行なった。ここに各成分の濃度は実施例1の場合と同じにした。その結果、粒径が146 nm±11 nmのフェライトナノ粒子を得た。
次に実施例10におけるアルカリの水酸化ナトリウムを水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムに変えた他は同じ条件にてフェライトナノ粒子を合成した。その結果、粒径が100 nm±15 nmのフェライトナノ粒子を得た。
100 mMのクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液に粒径が約100 nmの球形のフェライトナノ粒子を入れ1時間攪拌し、洗浄と磁気回収を行ない、クエン酸で表面修飾したフェライトナノ粒子を得た。このクエン酸で表面修飾したフェライトナノ粒子を純水に分散し、分散液にすると、この分散液は、3日間沈澱がみられなかった。
実施例1の組成において、種粒子の添加を0とし、種粒子の添加をせずに、同じプロセスでフェライトナノ粒子の合成を試みた。また、二糖のサッカロースの濃度を0.5 Mから変化させ、フェライトナノ粒子の合成に及ぼす影響を調べた。
実施例1の組成において、二糖類のサッカロースの代わりに単糖類のグルコースを用いその濃度を0.25 Mとし、同じ方法でフェライトナノ粒子の合成を行なった。但しグルコースは還元性を持つ糖であることを考慮し、酸化剤の量を1.0 Mと多くした。
実施例1の組成で、二糖のサッカロースの代わりに分子量が6万〜9万のデキストランを添加したものと、分子量が9万〜21万のデキストランを添加したものの二種類について、フェライトナノ粒子の合成を試みた。
Claims (4)
- 2価鉄イオンと二糖類を含有する水溶液にアルカリを添加し微粒子の種結晶を分散させるアルカリ添加及び種結晶分散工程と、
前記2価鉄イオンと二糖類を含有し、ナノ粒子形成のための種粒子を分散しアルカリの添加された水溶液に酸化剤を添加する酸化剤添加工程と、
前記酸化剤の添加された水溶液を水の存在下で成長させる粒子成長工程とを具備した球状フェライトナノ粒子の製造方法。 - 前記水溶液に3価鉄イオンを含有させる請求項1に記載の球状フェライトナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記水溶液における二糖類の濃度が0.1 M以上1.0 M以下であり、前記水溶液における2価鉄イオンの濃度と二糖類の濃度の比が0.002以上50以下である請求項1または2に記載の球状フェライトナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記酸化剤が、硝酸、亜硝酸、硝酸塩、及び亜硝酸塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の球状フェライトナノ粒子の製造方法。
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