JP2013544737A - ヒドロキシルアミンまたはヒドロキシルアンモニウム塩の製造設備からの排ガスの後処理方法 - Google Patents
ヒドロキシルアミンまたはヒドロキシルアンモニウム塩の製造設備からの排ガスの後処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013544737A JP2013544737A JP2013530705A JP2013530705A JP2013544737A JP 2013544737 A JP2013544737 A JP 2013544737A JP 2013530705 A JP2013530705 A JP 2013530705A JP 2013530705 A JP2013530705 A JP 2013530705A JP 2013544737 A JP2013544737 A JP 2013544737A
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- membrane
- hydrogen
- exhaust gas
- protons
- oxygen
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 229960003753 nitric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxylammonium sulfate Chemical compound O[NH3+].O[NH3+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910000378 hydroxylammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 inter alia Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 101150058765 BACE1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006249 ZrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960000510 ammonia Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960005419 nitrogen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical group O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100283604 Caenorhabditis elegans pigk-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005839 GeS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020346 SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZJDGKLAPAYNDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])=O Chemical class [Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])=O ZJDGKLAPAYNDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBLWMQWAHONKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyazanium Chemical compound O[NH3+] RBLWMQWAHONKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical group [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenic acid Chemical group O[Se](O)(=O)=O QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/14—Hydroxylamine; Salts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D69/148—Organic/inorganic mixed matrix membranes
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- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
- B01D71/0271—Perovskites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/52—Polyethers
- B01D71/522—Aromatic polyethers
- B01D71/5222—Polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, or polyaryletherketone
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/14—Hydroxylamine; Salts thereof
- C01B21/1409—Preparation
- C01B21/1418—Preparation by catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides or nitrates with hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
- C01B3/503—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B5/00—Water
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/086—Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
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Abstract
(I) 水素へと還元される、および/または
(II) 酸素と共に水へと変換され、前記酸素は透過側と接触される酸素含有流(O)に由来する、
前記方法。
Description
I 水素へと還元される、および/または
II 酸素と共に水へと変換され、前記酸素は透過側と接触される酸素含有流Oに由来する、
前記方法によって解決される。
ヒドロキシルアミンまたはヒドロキシルアンモニウム塩の大規模合成は、酸性の水溶液中で、水素を用いて一酸化窒素を還元することによって行われる。本発明の範疇では、「ヒドロキシルアミンの製造」、「ヒドロキシルアンモニウム塩の製造」、および「ヒドロキシルアミンまたはヒドロキシルアンモニウム塩の製造」は、同義的に使用される。
本発明によれば、排ガスA中に含有される水素の少なくとも一部を、電気化学的に、気密性の膜電極接合体を用いて分離し、その際、分離されるべき水素はプロトンの形態で膜を通じて輸送される。このために、攪拌タンクもしくは攪拌タンクのカスケードを離れた排ガスAを、少なくとも1つのMEAを含有する装置を通じてみちびく。間に配置された膜を有する電極は、膜電極接合体(MEA)と称される。本発明によれば、気密性のMEAは、選択的にプロトンを伝導する少なくとも1つの膜を有する。
排ガスAから水素を分離するために、当業者に公知の電極触媒の全てを用いることができる。
膜は有利にはプレートまたは管として構成され、その際、通常の、ガス混合物の分離のために従来技術から公知の膜配置を使用することができる。
a) ポリマー膜。膜としてポリマー膜が用いられる場合、プロトン輸送はグロータス機構によって行われる、および/またはヒドロオクソニウムイオンの輸送によって行われると想定される。即ち、この場合、ポリマー膜は、ヒドロオクソニウムイオン(H3O+イオン)を可逆的に結合できる官能基を含有する。この場合、水で膨潤されるポリマー膜の使用が殊に好ましい。この場合、膜を通じたプロトンの輸送は、ポリマー膜中に含有される水と、ポリマー膜中に含有される可逆的に結合されたヒドロオクソニウムイオンとの間の水素結合の交換によって行われると想定される。さらにまた、ポリマー膜を通じて移動するヒドロオクソニウムイオンの形態でのプロトンの輸送も行われると想定される。
a) 50cm 2 の燃料電池(Celtec−P 1000膜)における水素分離
50cm2の燃料電池において、ガス拡散電極(アノードおよびカソード)、およびCeltec−P 1000標準膜を含有するMEAを用いる。燃料電池の構造は当業者に公知である。この場合MEAはいわゆる流体板(Stroemungsfelder)の間に配置され、前記流体板は、流体を誘導するものとして(もしくはコンタクトとして)、並びにガス供給のために役立つ。同時に、流体板への定められた圧力を制御できる端部のプレートを介して圧力印加を行う。該圧力印加は、とりわけ、電気化学セル内部での良好な接触のために必須である。ガス拡散電極は、1cm2あたりPt1mgの触媒負荷を有し、且つ、30〜150μmの触媒層厚を有する。膜として、Celtec−P標準膜を使用する。水素分離工程のために、水素(70%)、一酸化窒素(8%)、一酸化二窒素(8%)、および窒素(14%)からの混合物(組成は乾燥したガスに対する)を、アノード側の流体板のガス供給路にみちびく。ガス流は500ml/分であり、且つ、アノード側の流体板へ入る前に水もしくは水蒸気で飽和される。水素は、以下の式 H2→2H++2e-に従ってアノードで反応する。形成されたプロトンはプロトン伝導性膜を介してカソードに達し、そこでプロトンの還元によって、元に戻る反応 2H++2e-→H2が起きる。カソードのガス流は同様に、ポリマー膜の乾燥を回避するために、水もしくは水蒸気で飽和されている。該反応は、セル温度160℃で起きる。最大の電流密度は1.5A/cm2である。この電気化学セルの使用は、分離された水素の圧縮を可能にする。
50cm2の燃料電池において、ガス拡散電極(アノードおよびカソード)、およびNafion112膜を含有するMEAを用いる。この場合、膜電極構造はいわゆる流体板の間に配置され、前記流体板は、流体を誘導するものとして(もしくはコンタクトとして)、並びにガス供給のために役立つ。同時に、流体板への定められた圧力を制御できる端部のプレートを介して圧力印加を行う。該圧力印加は、とりわけ、電気化学電池内部での良好な接触のために必須である。ガス拡散電極は、1cm2あたりPt1mgの触媒負荷を有し、且つ、80〜120μmの触媒層厚を有する。膜として、Nafion112膜を使用する。水素分離工程のために、水素(70%)、一酸化窒素(8%)、一酸化二窒素(8%)、および窒素(14%)からの混合物(組成は乾燥したガスに対する)を、アノード側の流体板のガス供給路にみちびく。ガス流は500ml/分であり、且つ、アノード側の流体板へ入る前に水もしくは水蒸気で飽和される。水素は、以下の式 H2→2H++2e-に従ってアノードで反応する。形成されたプロトンはプロトン伝導性膜を介してカソードに達し、そこでプロトンの還元によって、元に戻る反応 2H++2e-→H2が起きる。カソードのガス流は同様に、ポリマー膜の乾燥を回避するために、水もしくは水蒸気で飽和される。該反応は、セル温度70℃で起きる。最大の電流密度は2A/cm2である。この電気化学セルの使用は、分離された水素の圧縮を可能にする。
Claims (15)
- 水素を用いて一酸化窒素を触媒的還元することによる、ヒドロキシルアミンまたはヒドロキシルアンモニウム塩の製造装置からの排ガスAの後処理方法であって、排ガスAが一酸化窒素、水素、一酸化二窒素、窒素、およびアンモニアを含有し、且つ、排ガスA中に含有される水素の少なくとも一部を排ガスAから、気密性の膜電極接合体を用いて分離し、前記膜電極接合体は、少なくとも1つの選択的にプロトンを伝導する膜、濃縮物側、透過側、および該膜の各々の側の上に、少なくとも1つの電極触媒を有し、該膜の濃縮物側で、水素の少なくとも一部がアノード触媒によってプロトンへと酸化され、且つ、該プロトンが膜を横断した後、透過側でカソード触媒によって、
I 水素へと還元される、および/または
II 酸素と共に水へと変換され、前記酸素は透過側と接触される酸素含有流Oに由来する、
前記方法。 - IおよびIIにより水素を同時に分離する際、IIの際に生じた流の少なくとも一部をIにおいて用いることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- IIにより水素を分離する際、IIの際に生じた熱の少なくとも一部を、ヒドロキシルアミンまたはヒドロキシルアンモニウム塩の製造装置に供給することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 水素をIによって、水素参照電極に対して0.05〜2000mVの電圧を印加しながら分離することを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸素含有流Oが少なくとも15容積%の酸素を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸素含有流Oとして、空気を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 膜電極接合体の電極をガス拡散電極として構成することを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 選択的にプロトンを伝導する膜として、ポリマー膜a)を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 選択的にプロトンを伝導する膜として、担体物質およびリン酸を含有する膜を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記膜が、ポリベンズイミダゾール、テフロンおよび炭化ケイ素からなる群から選択される担体材料を含有することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 選択的にプロトンを伝導する膜として、セラミック膜c)を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 選択的にプロトンを伝導する膜として、部分フッ素化または過フッ素化された炭化水素ポリマーを用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 選択的にプロトンを伝導するポリマー膜として、スルホン化ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(S−PEEK)を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水素を、0〜200℃の範囲の温度で分離することを特徴とする、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水素を、70〜90℃の範囲の温度で分離することを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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US20130183222A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
JP5623649B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
KR20130138767A (ko) | 2013-12-19 |
EP2621855B1 (de) | 2015-06-03 |
WO2012041859A2 (de) | 2012-04-05 |
EP2621855A2 (de) | 2013-08-07 |
PL2621855T3 (pl) | 2015-11-30 |
CN103140437A (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
US8679436B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
CN103140437B (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
WO2012041859A3 (de) | 2012-05-24 |
BR112013007714A2 (pt) | 2016-08-09 |
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