JP2013530162A - 癌の治療方法 - Google Patents
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- JP2013530162A JP2013530162A JP2013512751A JP2013512751A JP2013530162A JP 2013530162 A JP2013530162 A JP 2013530162A JP 2013512751 A JP2013512751 A JP 2013512751A JP 2013512751 A JP2013512751 A JP 2013512751A JP 2013530162 A JP2013530162 A JP 2013530162A
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Abstract
Description
抗腫瘍性L2ペプチドとタンパク質の相互作用を同定するために、ツーハイブリッド酵母システムを使用した。ペプチドに対応する配列をクローニングするために、L2ペプチド配列(HARIKPTFRRLKWKYKGKFW)に対応するようにオリゴヌクレオチドを以下のように設計した:
試験を2つのブロックに分割した:
(A)固相法を用いて合成された合成L2ペプチド(配列番号1)をビオチン化し、ストレプトアビジンセファロース樹脂に付着した「ベイト(bait)」として用いた。SW948(ヒト結腸癌由来の細胞系)からの全抽出タンパク質を「プレイ(prey)」として用いた。これらの実験は「プルダウン」として知られている。全抽出タンパク質を、抽出緩衝液(0.5%トリトン(Triton)X−100、25mM HEPES、pH7.5、100mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、10%グリセリン、1mMジチオスレイトール(DTT)、及びプロテアーゼ阻害剤)を用いて、2×107個の細胞から得た。ビオチン化ペプチド(300μg)を、50μLのストレプトアビジンセファロース樹脂(GE Healthcare)と共に1時間培養し、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(1倍PBS)+1mM DTTで洗浄した。次に、500μLの全タンパク質を、ビオチン化ペプチドを含有する50μLの樹脂と共に室温で5時間培養した。続いて、この樹脂を1倍PBS及び1mM DTTで十分洗浄した。樹脂に付着して残ったタンパク質はペプチドと相互作用するものであり、25μLの電気泳動緩衝液(62.5mM Tris HCl、pH6.9、0.1M DTT、20%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)、10%グリセリン、及び0.01%ブロモフェノールブルー)に懸濁させる。目的のタンパク質を検出するために、ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(7.5%)を行い、続いてウェスタンブロットによる免疫検出を行った。COMMD1タンパク質を検出するために、COMMD1タンパク質に対するモノクローナル抗体(Sigma、clone2A12)を使用した。全タンパク質抽出物(100μg)、及び大腸菌で得られた組み換えCOMMD1タンパク質をポジティブコントロールとして採用した。図2Aで表された結果は、全タンパク質抽出物と比較した場合、L2ペプチドがプルダウン実験でCOMMD1タンパク質を濃縮させることを表している。これは、L2とCOMMD1の間の相互作用を示している。
ペプチドL2とCOMMD1が物理的相互作用を有し、このことがCOMMD1の核局在化と相関することを考慮し、COMMD1の核内蓄積を高めることを目的として、複数のペプチドをL2(配列番号1)から設計した。固相法を用いて本発明のペプチドを合成した。粗ペプチドを30%酢酸溶液で抽出し、凍結乾燥し、その後逆相クロマトグラフィRP−HPLCによって精製した。精製されたペプチドの分子量は質量分析によって確認した。得られた調製物は、非抗原性で、非発熱性であり、動物及びヒトへの投与に薬学的に許容される。表1に示すように、配列がHARIKPTFRRLKWKYKGKFW(配列番号1)である本来のL2ペプチドの特定位置にD−アミノ酸を導入する置換をいくつかの点に行った。1つの事例では、N末端をアセチル化でブロックした。
このアッセイでは、ヒト由来のH−82(小細胞肺癌)、H−125(非小細胞肺癌)、MCF−7(乳腺癌)、MDA−MB231(乳腺癌、受容体陽性上皮成長因子)、LS174T(結腸直腸腺癌)、及びHT−29(化学療法に抵抗性の結腸直腸腺癌)の腫瘍細胞を、ウシ胎児血清(Gibco)を添加したRPMI1640(Gibco)1ml当たり1×104個の細胞の密度で、96ウェルプレート(Costar)に播種した。24時間後、9μMから300μMの間の投与量範囲でペプチドを培地に加えた。5%CO2の存在下で48時間培養し、その後、3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−2,5−ジフェニルテトラゾリウムブロミド(MTT)で明らかにした(Gray MJら、2008、Natl Cancer Inst、100:109〜20)。
これらアッセイでは、8週齢から10週齢の間のC57BL/6雌(実験群当たりn=10頭)を使用した。このモデルでの腫瘍生着には、食塩水(PBS)に懸濁された、悪性C57BL/6からの肺上皮細胞に由来するTC−1細胞を使用した。200μLの量の5×104個の細胞をマウスの右後肢に皮下接種した。腫瘍の体積が100mm3に達すると、5回分の投与量のペプチド(L2、L552及びL551)を、2日間隔で右後肢に皮下投与した。この研究では、1回分の投与量が1kgの重量当たり0.2mgのペプチド(4μg/マウス)を評価した。目的のペプチドの抗腫瘍効果を測定するための評価パラメーターは、図5A及び図5Bに示すように、動物の生存率及び腫瘍量であった。L552ペプチドは、L2ペプチド及びL551ペプチドと比較して、腫瘍の進行を阻害し、マウスの生存率を増加させる能力に関してより有効であった。これらの結果は、L552に導入された修飾がインビボの抗腫瘍効率を増加させたことを証明している。ログランク法によって統計分析を行い、群間の有意差を決定した。結果は、試験した他のペプチドと比較してL552ペプチドが動物の生存率を有意に増加(*p<0.05)させることが実証している。これらの結果は、特定位置のD−アミノ酸置換、及びアセチル化によるN末端のブロックがペプチドの抗腫瘍能を有意に増加させることを実証している。
細胞増殖の阻害に対するCOMMD1の核局在化の役割を確認するために、GFPに融合したCOMMD1を発現する組み換えプラスミドpGFP−COMMD1、及びPKKKRKV核局在化ペプチド配列を含有するpGFP−N−COMMD1を生成した。pGFP−COMMD1のクローニングについては、次のオリゴヌクレオチドを使用してポリメラーゼ連鎖反応を行った:
NLSが導入されたCOMMD1をコードする遺伝子の増幅には次のオリゴヌクレオチドを使用した:
(A)上記構築物が一過性にトランスフェクトされたHT−29細胞系を、ウシ胎児血清(Gibco)が添加されたRPMI1640(Gibco)1ml当たり1×104個の細胞の密度で、96ウェルプレート(Costar)に播種した。24時間後、細胞増殖抑制剤5−FUを、10倍階段希釈で0.025μMから2500μMの間の投与量範囲で培地に加えた。5%CO2の存在下で48時間培養し、最終的にMTTで明らかにした。最後に、492nmの吸収度でプレートを読み取った。各点を二重反復で行い、少なくとも2回、独立して実験を行った。IC50値は細胞増殖の各曲線から得た。図7Aで表された結果は、NLSを有するCOMMD1(GFP−N−COMMD1)の発現が5−FUに対する癌細胞の感受性を増加させることを示している。この例において、GFP又はGFP−COMMD1を発現する細胞と比較して、GFP−NCOMMD1を発現する細胞のIC50が減少することが示されている。これらの結果は、新たな治療標的としてのCOMMD1の有用性も実証している。さらに、COMMD1の核局在化が従来の細胞増殖抑制剤への化学感受性(chemosensitivity)を誘導することも示している。
このアッセイでは、ヒト由来の急性骨髄性白血病の細胞(THP−1)及びマウス結腸癌の細胞(CT−26)を、10%のウシ胎児血清(FBS)が添加されたRPMI1640(Gibco)1ml当たり1×104個の細胞の密度で、96ウェルプレート(Costar)に播種した。37℃及び5%CO2で24時間、細胞を維持した。この後、LPS(40μg/mL)又はTNF−α(20ng/mL)を30分かけて加えた。図8は、上記刺激の存在下又は非存在下におけるTHP−1細胞系及びCT−26細胞系のIC50値を表す。結果では、L552ペプチドが、種々の炎症性刺激の存在下で、THP−1癌細胞系及びCT−26癌細胞系で細胞増殖を阻害することが示されている。この結果によって、L552ペプチドが様々な抗炎症剤にさらされた癌細胞の増殖を遮断するのに有効であることが示されている。
これらアッセイでは、8週齢から10週齢の間のCBALB/c雌マウス(実験群当たりn=10頭)を使用した。このモデルでの腫瘍生着には、BALB/cの結腸癌から単離されたCT−26細胞を使用した。200μLの1倍PBSに懸濁した7×104個の細胞をマウスの腋窩に皮下接種した。11日後、腹腔内投与で、PBS中の10μg LPS/マウス(血清型055:B5、Sigma)を動物に注入した。腫瘍の体積が100mm3に達すると、ある群は隔日に5回分の投与量のL552ペプチド(0.2mg/kg重量)を受け、ある群は5−FUを20mg/kgの投与量で受けた。この実験で評価される目的のパラメーターは、動物の生存率及び腫瘍量の体積の増加であった。
このアッセイでは、HT−29及びH−125の腫瘍細胞を、ウシ胎児血清(Gibco)が添加されたRPMI1640(Gibco)1ml当たり1×104個の細胞の密度で、96ウェルプレート(Costar)に播種した。24時間後、9μMから300μMの間の投与量範囲でペプチドを培地に加え、細胞増殖抑制薬を、各細胞系で報告されたIC50前後の10倍階段希釈の投与量範囲で加えた。5%CO2の存在下で48時間培養を行い、MTTで明らかにした。細胞増殖抑制剤とペプチドを組み合わせた処置の効果をCalcuSynコンピュータ・ソフトウェアによって分析し、薬物の組み合わせを検討した(Ting−Chao Chou、2006、Pharmacological Reviews、58:621〜681)。表2に表されたデータは、ペプチドと細胞増殖抑制剤の組み合わせが細胞増殖抑制剤の量を低減することができることを示し、それは薬物減少率指数(RI)で示される値によって得られる。これらの結果によって、標準的化学療法と同時にペプチドを投与することで、少ない量の従来の薬物で有効な処置(影響を受けた細胞の割合が89%から94%の間)を提供できることが示されている。HT−29細胞系では、5−FUとL552ペプチドを組み合わせると、細胞増殖抑制剤が20分の1に減少(RI)する。H−125細胞系でシスプラチンとL552ペプチドを組み合わせると、細胞増殖抑制剤が5分の1に減少する。これらの結果は、肺癌及び結腸癌では標準治療法と組み合わせてペプチドを投与することで、容易に細胞増殖抑制剤の投与量を減少させることができることを示している。このことによって、化学療法に伴う副作用を低減することができる。
Claims (21)
- 癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させることにより、前記細胞の増殖を減少させる、又は遮断することを特徴とする癌の治療方法。
- 癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤と癌細胞を接触させるか、又は癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤を含む組成物をヒトに投与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤が、配列番号3として識別されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 炎症及び転移を伴う腫瘍の発育を阻害することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 炎症及び転移を伴う腫瘍が、結腸、直腸、食道、肺、前立腺、胸、膵臓、又は肝臓に位置する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤が、核局在化配列(NLS)を含有するCOMMD1タンパク質をコードするDNA配列を含有する哺乳動物細胞発現ベクターを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 癌治療用の医薬の製造におけるCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤の使用。
- COMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤が、タンパク質、合成ペプチド、核酸、又は遺伝子治療用のベクターである、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 合成ペプチドが、配列番号3として識別されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドである、請求項8に記載の使用。
- 遺伝子治療ベクターが、NLSを有するCOMMD1タンパク質をコードするDNA配列を含む哺乳動物細胞発現ベクターである、請求項8に記載の使用。
- 癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる1種又は複数の薬剤、及び薬学的に許容される添加剤又はビヒクルを含む、癌治療のための医薬品組成物。
- 癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤が、配列番号3として識別されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドである、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 癌細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤が、NLSを有するCOMMD1タンパク質をコードするDNA配列を含む哺乳動物細胞発現ベクターである、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- COMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる1種又は複数の薬剤、及び癌の標準的化学療法に特定の1種又は複数の薬物を含む、癌処置のための医薬品の組み合わせ。
- COMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させる薬剤が、配列番号3として識別されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドを含み、標準的化学療法に特定の薬物がシスプラチン及び5−FUから選択される、請求項14に記載の医薬品の組み合わせ。
- 組み合わせの一部となる薬剤及び薬物が、同じ処置の過程で、同時に、別々に、又は連続して投与される、請求項14に記載の医薬品の組み合わせ。
- 細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化を増加させることを特徴とする、慢性炎症を伴う癌を防ぐための方法。
- 細胞でのCOMMD1タンパク質の核局在化の増加が、配列番号3として識別されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチド又は前記ペプチドを含む組成物をそれを必要とする個体に投与することによって実現される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 患者の試料中のCOMMD1の核局在化の有無を判定することにより、COMMD1を予後マーカーとして使用することを特徴とする、癌患者の予後を判定する方法。
- 配列番号3として識別されるアミノ酸配列を有することを特徴とする、COMMドメインへの結合能を有するペプチド。
- COMMDファミリーメンバーが疾患の進行に関与する、疾患を処置するための請求項20に記載のペプチドの使用。
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