JP2013501259A - エレクトロウェッティング及び電気流体技術用着色導電性流体 - Google Patents
エレクトロウェッティング及び電気流体技術用着色導電性流体 Download PDFInfo
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- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001291 polyvinyl halide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006214 polyvinylidene halide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTKIEPUIFBBXJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[(4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)amino]-5-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(O)C2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O GTKIEPUIFBBXJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- TXHPORRYUKITDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamoylsulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)NS(O)(=O)=O TXHPORRYUKITDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HYVDRSVZYMKTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylphosphanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C[P+](C)(C)C HYVDRSVZYMKTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JADVWWSKYZXRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioflavine T Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C1=[N+](C)C2=CC=C(C)C=C2S1 JADVWWSKYZXRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000005075 thioxanthenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- LKDQWVKWYGOVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylsulfanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[S+](CC)CC LKDQWVKWYGOVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003732 xanthenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc ferrite Chemical compound O=[Zn].O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09B67/0033—Blends of pigments; Mixtured crystals; Solid solutions
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
Description
EWRR=(Θ0-Θv)x100/Θ0、%
式中、Θ0は、0Vの電圧における初期接触角であり、Θvは、30Vの電圧における最終接触角である。接触角の測定の適切な手法は、その内容がその全体として本明細書に組み込まれる非特許文献1に記載されており、以下の試験方法の項でさらに詳細に述べられている。
以下の実施例は、本発明の詳細を例示するものであって、本発明の精神及び範囲を限定するものでない。特に示さない限り、%及び部は、常に重量%及び重量部を意味する。
着色流体の電気伝導率は、所望の範囲の伝導率を測定することができる伝導率計、例えば、VWRモデル番号23226又はOakton(登録商標)Acorn Con 6モデルを用いて25℃で測定した。
塩化カリウム(KCl)、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)及び塩化ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウム(DTAC)のDI水中1%の溶液を調製した。カチオン界面活性剤オクタンスルホン酸ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウム(DTA-OS)をその内容がその全体として本明細書に組み込まれる非特許文献1に記載されている方法に従って調製し、精製した。DTA-OSのDI水中0.05重量%の溶液を調製した。溶液の電気伝導率を以下の表1に示す。
ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)のDI水中0.013%の溶液を調製した。異なる厚さのパリレンC(1つの300nmのパリレンC及び1つの700nmのパリレンC)を含む基板における絶縁破壊について溶液を試験した。図2A及び2Bに示すように、より薄い誘電体について小Na+カチオンに起因した破壊が正DC電圧で認められた。これは、低電圧で作動させるためにエレクトロウェッティング素子における薄い誘電体の使用を可能にするのにイオンの選択が重要であることを示すものである。
ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)のDI水中0.013%及び1%の溶液を調製した。300nmのパリレンHTを含む基板における絶縁破壊について溶液を試験した。図3A及び3Bに示すように、低濃度のSDSを含む溶液について絶縁破壊は認められなかったが、高濃度は、正のDC電圧での破壊をもたらした。
各種アニオンを含む塩をプロピレンカーボネート中で絶縁破壊について評価した。塩としては、Sigma Aldrichからの純粋レベルの「プラム(purum)」を入手し、更なる精製はせずに用いた。以下の表2に示す以下の塩を20〜30μS/cmの範囲の伝導率に達するようにプロピレンカーボネートに溶解した。
2〜2.5mmセラミック媒体を含むHarbi振とう機でC.I.ブルー15:4をプロピレングリコールに2時間分散させることによって流体を調製した。流体を、絶縁破壊を引き起こす可能性があるいくつかのイオン種の存在について分析した。結果を以下の表3に示す。すべての結果は、100万分の1(ppm)単位である。
Sigma Aldrichから入手し、更なる精製はせずに用いた臭化テトラブチルアンモニウム(TBAB)の溶液をプロピレンカーボネート中で異なる伝導率を有するように調製した。1.3μmパリレンC及び50nm Fluoropel基板上の接触角をAC電圧の関数として測定した。以下の表4及び図6に示すように、プロピレンカーボネートの30VにおけるEWRRは、伝導率の増加に伴って改善する。
各種カチオンを含む塩をプロピレングリコール中で絶縁破壊について評価した。塩は、Sigma Aldrichから純粋レベルの「プラム(purum)」を入手し、更なる精製はせずに用いた。以下の表5に示す以下の塩を20〜30μS/cmの範囲の伝導率に達するようにプロピレングリコールに溶解した。
Claims (34)
- (a)25℃で0.1cP〜1000cPの動的粘度、(b)25℃で25ダイン/cm〜90ダイン/cmの表面張力、及び(c)20%〜80%のエレクトロウェッティング相対感度を有する少なくとも1つの極性溶媒と、
顔料及び/又は染料から選択される少なくとも1つの着色剤と、
を含む着色導電性流体であって、
0.1μS/cm〜3000μS/cmの電気伝導率を有し、合計500ppm以下の2.0Åより小さいイオン半径を有する単原子イオン及び1.45Åより小さいイオン半径を有する多原子イオンを有する、着色導電性流体。 - カチオン及びアニオンを含む、前記着色導電性流体の電気伝導率を調節するための少なくとも1つの薬剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記着色導電性流体の電気伝導率を調節するための前記薬剤が以下の式:[化学式1]の1つ又は複数から選択される、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。
[化学式1]
- 前記カチオンが2-ピロリン、3-ピロリン、ピロール、ピラゾリジン、イミダゾリジン、2-ピラゾリン、2-イミダゾリン、ピラゾール、イミダゾリン-2-チオン、1,2,3-チアゾール、1,2,4-チアゾール、1H-テトラゾール、オキサゾリン、5-オキサゾロン、イソオキサゾール、オキサゾール、2-チアゾリン、イソチアゾール、チアゾール、1,2,3-オキサジアゾール、1,2,4-オキサジアゾール、1,2,5-オキサジアゾール、1,3,4-オキサジアゾール、1,3,4-チアジアゾール、1,2,4-ジオキサゾール、ピペリジン、1-H-ピリジン-2-オン、ピペラジン、ピリジジン、1,2,3-トリアジン、1,2,4-トリアジン、オキサジン、チオモルホリン、オキサジアジン、オキサチアジン、インドリン、インドール、カルバゾール、インダゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、キノキサリン、フタラジン、1,5-ナフチリジン、フェナジン、ベンゾチアゾール、2H-1,4-ベンゾキサジン、フェノキサジン及びフェノチアジンからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記カチオンが、アゾ、アゾメチン、キサンテン、アジン、チアジン、オキサジン、トリアリールメタン、メチン、ポリメチン、アントラキノン、アリールアミノキノン、フタロシアニン、ケトンイミン、アクリジン、シアニン、キナクリドン、ペリレン、金属錯体、ベンゾイミダゾロン、ジケトピロロピロール、インジゴ、チオインジゴ、ジオキサジン、イソインドリン、イソインドリノン、イミノイソインドリン、イミノイソインドリノン、フラバントロン、インダントロン、アントラピリミジン、キノフタロン、イソビオラントロン、ピラントロン及びニトロからなる群から選択される塩基性基を有する塩基性染料又は塩基性染料若しくは顔料誘導体である、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記アニオンが、HSO4 -; SO4 2-; HSO3 -; FSO3 -; SO3 2-; S2O3 2-; S2O4 2-; S2O6 2-; S2O8 2; S2O7 2-; Alk-OSO3 -; Ar-OSO3 -; ArAlk-OSO3 -; Alk-SO3 -; CH3O-(RO)n-OSO3 -; Ar-SO3 -; ArAlk-SO3 -; NH2SO3 -; P-(X-SO3 -)n; Q-(X-SO3 -)n; N-(SO2CF3)2; N-(SO2CF2CF3)2; N(CN)2 -; NH2 -; Alk-(COO-)n; Ar-(COO-)n; ArAlk-(COO-)n; P-(X-COO-)n; Q-(X-COO-)n; H2PO4 -; HPO4 2-; H2PO2 -; PO4 3-; P2O7 4-; P3O9 3-; P3O10 5-; P4O13 2-; (AlkO)2POO-; P-(X-POO)- n; Q-(X-POO)- n; NO3 -; NO2 -; OCN-; NCO-; SCN-; CNS-; CS2 2-; CS2 2-; N3 -; CrO4 2-; Cr2O7 2-; CrO8 3-; MnO4 -; SiO3 2-; TiO3 2-; MoO4 -; ReO4 -; WO4 -; ClO2 -; ClO3 -; ClO4 -; BrO-; BrO2 -; BrO3 -; BrO4 -; I-; IO-; IO2 -; IO3 -; IO4 -; [Co(CN)6]3-; [Fe(CN)6]3-; [Fe(CN)6]4-; [Cr(CN)6]3-; [Cu(CN)6]3-; [Ni(CN)6]2-; B4O7 2-; BO3 3-; B(Ar)4 -; H2SbO4 -; Sb(OH)6 -; Sb2O7 4-; HCO3 -; CO3 2-; SeO4 2-; SeO4 2-;及びSeCN-からなる群から選択され、
Pは、置換若しくは非置換脂環式若しくは芳香族炭化水素C10〜C60、又はO、N若しくはSの1個若しくは複数個の原子を含む置換若しくは非置換脂環式若しくは芳香族複素環C10〜C60であり、Qは、酸性、直接、反応性、建染、分散、硫化若しくは溶剤染料の残基、又はアゾ、金属錯体、ベンゾイミダゾロン、メタン、アントラキノン、フタロシアニン、ペリノン、ペリレン、ジケトピロロピロール、インジゴ、チオインジゴ、ジオキサジン、イソインドリン、イソインドリノン、イミノイソインドリン、イミノイソインドリノン、キナクリドン、フラバントロン、インダントロン、アントラピリミジン、キノフタロン、イソビオラントロン、ピラントロン、アゾメチン、メチン、アザカルボシアニン、エナミン、ヘミシアニン、ストレプトシアニン、スチリル、ゼロメチン、モノ、ジ、トリ及びテトラアザメチン;カラテノイド、アリールメタン、キサンテン、チオキサンテン、フラボノイド、スチルベン、クマリン、アクリジン、フルオレン、フルオロン、ベンゾジフラノン、ホルマザン、ピラゾール、チアゾール、アジン、ジアジン、オキサジン、ジオキサジン、トリフェノジオキサジン、フェナジン、チアジン、オキサゾン、インダミン、ニトロソ、ニトロ、キノン;ローダミン、ニュートロシアニン、ジアザヘミシアニン、ポルフィリン、ピロニン、インジゴ、インドフェノール、ナフタルイミド及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される発色団であり、Xは、単結合、Alk、Ar又はAlkArであり、アルキルは、置換若しくは非置換C1〜C18線状若しくは分岐脂肪族炭化水素、又は置換若しくは非置換C3〜C10脂環式炭化水素、又はO、N若しくはSの1個若しくは複数個の原子を含む複素環であり、アリールは、置換若しくは非置換C4〜C10芳香族炭化水素又はO、N若しくはSの1個若しくは複数個の原子を含む芳香族複素環であり、アルキルアリールは、アルキル及びアリール基の組合せであり、n=1〜6である、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。 - 前記着色導電性流体の電気伝導率を調節するための前記薬剤がイオン性流体である、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記薬剤が、2.0Åより小さいイオン半径を有する単原子イオン及び1.45Åより小さいイオン半径を有する多原子イオンに解離しない、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記着色導電性流体の電気伝導率を調節するための前記薬剤が少なくとも95.0%の純度を有する、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記極性溶媒が水、グリコール、アルコール、ポリオール、エーテル、エステル、ケトン、アセタール、ケタール、ラクトン、カーボネート、ラクタム、ウレタン、尿素、ピロリジン、ピロリドン、スルホン、スルホキシド、アミド、第一級、第二級、第三級若しくは第四級アミン、イミン、ニトリル、カルボン酸、アルデヒド、ハロゲン化化合物、チオ化合物若しくはニトロ化合物及びそれらのいずれかの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記極性溶媒が水、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n-プロパノール、1,2-プロピレングリコール、1,3-プロピレングリコール、1,4-ブチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、1,2-ブチレンカーボネート、1,2-シクロヘキサンカーボネート、グリセリンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、アセトン、アセトフェノン、ピリジン、ジメチルマロネート、ジアセトンアルコール、ヒドロキシプロピルカルバメート、ベータ-ヒドロキシエチルカルバメート、ホルムアミド、N-メチルホルムアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルアセトアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン、2-ピロリドン、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドン、アセトニルアセトン、シクロヘキサノン、エチルアセトアセテート、エチル-L-ラクテート、ピロール、N-メチルピロール、N-エチルピロール、4H-ピラン-4-オン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、モルホリン、N-メチルモルホリン、N-エチルモルホリン、N-ホルミルモルホリン、ベータ-プロピオラクトン、ベータ-バレロラクトン、ベータ-ヘキサラクトン、ガンマ-ブチロラクトン、ガンマ-バレロラクトン、ガンマ-ヘキサラクトン、ガンマ-ヘプタラクトン、ガンマ-オクタラクトン、ガンマ-ノナラクトン、ガンマ-デカラクトン、デルタ-バレロラクトン、デルタ-ヘキサラクトン、デルタ-ヘプタラクトン、デルタ-オクタラクトン、デルタ-ノナラクトン、デルタ-デカラクトン、デルタ-テトラデカラクトン、デルタ-オクタデカラクトン及びそれらのいずれかの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記着色剤が顔料である、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記顔料が10nm〜5000nmの重量平均径を有する複数の粒子を含む、請求項13に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記顔料が自己分散性顔料である、請求項13に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記着色剤が染料である、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 少なくとも1つの分散剤、体質顔料、共力剤、界面活性剤、樹脂、ポリマー、殺生物剤又はそれらのいずれかの組合せをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記着色流体の総重量に対して、50.0重量%〜99.9重量%の極性溶媒及び0.1重量%〜50.0重量%の着色剤を含む、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 前記着色導電性流体の電気伝導率を調節するための前記薬剤が、前記着色流体の総重量に対して0.01重量%〜10.0重量%の量で存在する、請求項2に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 非極性溶媒を全く含まない、請求項1に記載の着色導電性流体。
- 約5μS/cm〜3000μS/cmの電気伝導率を有する、請求項1に記載の着色極性流体。
- 合計300ppm以下の2.0Åより小さいイオン半径を有する単原子イオン及び1.45Åより小さいイオン半径を有する多原子イオンを有する、請求項1に記載の着色極性流体。
- 25℃で0.01〜1000cPの動的粘度及び10%〜80%のエレクトロウェッティング相対感度を有する、請求項1に記載の着色極性流体。
- 前記極性溶媒が10に等しい又はそれ以上の誘電率をさらに有する、請求項1に記載の着色極性流体。
- (a)25℃で0.1cP〜1000cPの動的粘度、(b)25℃で25ダイン/cm〜90ダイン/cmの表面張力、及び(c)20%〜80%のエレクトロウェッティング相対感度を有する少なくとも1つの極性溶媒と、
顔料及び/又は染料から選択される少なくとも1つの着色剤と、
を含む着色導電性流体であって、
15Vまでの印加電圧で400nmの厚さを有するポリ(2-クロロパラキシリレン)誘電体の絶縁破壊を引き起こさないか、又は
15Vまでの印加電圧で100nmの厚さを有するアルミナ誘電体の絶縁破壊を引き起こさない、着色導電性流体。 - 前記着色導電性流体が0.1μS/cm〜3000μS/cmの電気伝導率を有する、請求項25に記載の着色極性流体。
- 前記着色導電性流体が合計500ppm以下の2.0Åより小さいイオン半径を有する単原子イオン及び1.45Åより小さいイオン半径を有する多原子イオンを有する、請求項25に記載の着色極性流体。
- 前記着色導電性流体が、0.1μS/cm〜3000μS/cmの電気伝導率を有し、合計500ppm以下の2.0Åより小さいイオン半径を有する単原子イオン及び1.45Åより小さいイオン半径を有する多原子イオンを有する、請求項25に記載の着色極性流体。
- 前記着色導電性流体が30Vまでの印加電圧で400nmの厚さを有するポリ(2-クロロパラキシリレン)誘電体の絶縁破壊を引き起こさないか、又は、前記着色導電性流体が30Vまでの印加電圧で100nmの厚さを有するアルミナ誘電体の絶縁破壊を引き起こさない、請求項25に記載の着色極性流体。
- 前記着色導電性流体が50Vまでの印加電圧で400nmの厚さを有するポリ(2-クロロパラキシリレン)誘電体の絶縁破壊を引き起こさないか、又は、前記着色導電性流体が50Vまでの印加電圧で100nmの厚さを有するアルミナ誘電体の絶縁破壊を引き起こさない、請求項25に記載の着色極性流体。
- 請求項1から30のいずれか一項に記載の着色導電性流体を含むエレクトロウェッティング又は電気流体素子。
- 少なくとも1つの電極に対して前記着色導電性流体を移動させるのに有効な電位差を印加するように構成された複数の電極を含む、請求項31に記載のエレクトロウェッティング又は電気流体素子。
- 前記着色導電性流体と非混和性である非極性流体をさらに含む、請求項31に記載のエレクトロウェッティング又は電気流体素子。
- ディスプレイにおけるピクセルである、請求項31に記載のエレクトロウェッティング又は電気流体素子。
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Also Published As
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KR20120089258A (ko) | 2012-08-09 |
CN102549474A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
JP5671026B2 (ja) | 2015-02-18 |
US20120154896A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
KR101504406B1 (ko) | 2015-03-19 |
EP2462478B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
CN102549474B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2462478A4 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
ZA201200798B (en) | 2012-10-31 |
WO2011017446A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
CA2769402A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
US8854714B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
EP2462478A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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