JP2013167148A - Tsunami wave evacuation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tsunami wave evacuation system that saves nearby people as many as possible, including vehicles, from tsunami waves.SOLUTION: A tsunami wave evacuation system includes a large scale evacuation area inside a peripheral wall with a height greater than an assumed height of tsunami waves, and ascent/descent means which enables people to ascend from a nearby road or flat ground on the outer periphery. Evacuation people including vehicles can evacuate to the large scale evacuation area through the ascent/descent means.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation device.

  Prior to the recent tsunami attack of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the following tsunami evacuation devices have been proposed.

  JP2008-14112

  According to the tsunami evacuation device disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is possible to evacuate and be saved from the tsunami. However, the tsunami that occurred in the Great East Japan Earthquake was larger than expected and people walking around the city Many people, such as those who drive cars, students and children, lost their places and died or went missing. The tower type disclosed in Patent Document 1 can also save lives, but the current situation is that there is still one limit to evacuation for a large number of people.

  The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tsunami evacuation device that can save as many people and vehicles as possible from a tsunami.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 has a large-scale evacuation site exceeding the assumed height of the tsunami in the inner area of the peripheral wall and can be climbed from a nearby road or flat ground on the outer periphery. An evacuee having climbing means and including a vehicle can be evacuated to a large-scale evacuation site through the climbing means.

  As described above, the present invention has a large-scale evacuation area exceeding the tsunami estimated height in the inner area of the peripheral wall and has an ascending / descending means capable of climbing from a nearby road or flat on the outer periphery. Since it is configured to be able to evacuate to a large-scale evacuation site through this climbing means, it is possible to provide a tsunami evacuation device that can save as many people and vehicles as possible from the tsunami.

The top view of FIG. 2 which shows one Embodiment of this invention. The side view of FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1. The top view of FIG. 5 which shows other embodiment. FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3. The top view which shows other embodiment. The principal part enlarged view of FIG. CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG. The plane schematic diagram which shows the additional proposal example. EE sectional view taken on the line of FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the other example of a proposal. The expanded sectional view which shows the other example of a proposal. The expanded sectional view which shows the other example of a proposal. A cross-sectional view showing another proposed example. The top view which shows the other example of a proposal. The front view which shows the other example of a proposal. The FF line expanded sectional view of FIG. The top view which shows other embodiment. GG sectional drawing of FIG. The top view which shows other embodiment. The arrow I view of FIG. The HH line expanded sectional view of FIG. The top view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment. The top view which shows other embodiment corresponding to FIG. 27 and FIG. The J direction arrow directional view of FIG. KK sectional drawing of FIG. The top view which shows other embodiment. The arrow view from the L direction of FIG.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Each plan described in each embodiment can be applied to other related embodiments.
FIGS. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of a tsunami evacuation device, which relates to a large-scale tsunami evacuation facility made of reinforced concrete, 10 is a foundation pile, 11 is a foundation, A large-scale tsunami evacuation facility having a circular shape is constructed using a wide space between the sea-side road 12 and the mountain-side road 13. Reference numeral 14 denotes a main peripheral wall having a spiral wall shape with an angle of about 240 degrees when viewed from above, and is vertically constructed on the foundation 11 so that the height H is about 25 m from the ground 15. The main peripheral wall 14 is arranged in an assembled manner so as to form a pair of left and right with reference to the tsunami intrusion direction. Reference numeral 16 denotes an ascending / descending means, which is a slope and can be climbed from either the sea side or the mountain side roads 12 and 13. In this embodiment, in addition to the vehicle a ..., a refugee b ... walking nearby can also climb. No. 18 is a roof evacuation site set at a height of about 20 m from the ground. It is a concrete surface, and it is free to finish it with soil or lawn. 19 is a second floor evacuation site, 20 is a first floor evacuation site, and these three surfaces are supported via a central column 21 and other columns 22.

D in FIG. 1 is the inner diameter of the rooftop evacuation site 18 and is large enough to evacuate as many vehicles a, e.g. Reference numeral 24 denotes an inner peripheral wall, which forms a downward slope 25 for guiding the vehicle a from the rooftop evacuation site 18 to the second floor evacuation site 19. The descending ramp 25 is also provided for guiding from the second floor evacuation site 19 to the first floor evacuation site 20 as shown in FIG. Reference numeral 26 denotes an evacuee guidance guide, which is like a handrail and guides from the side of the two ascending / descending means 16 to the roof evacuation place 18 without being obstructed by the vehicle a.
As indicated by a virtual line in FIG. 2, the roof evacuation site 18 may be higher than the height of the main peripheral wall 14 so that the sea can be seen from a house or a condominium that will be installed on the roof. The evacuation site 18 may be substantially the same height as the main peripheral wall 14.

The main peripheral wall 14 is made of reinforced concrete, but other materials such as sheet piles and wood may be used. Although the first and second floor evacuation sites 20 and 19 are configured, earth or sand or concrete can be embedded in the main peripheral wall 14 and the upper surface thereof can be used as the roof evacuation site 18. This embedding material may include a part or all of a material that has been decontaminated from a material contaminated with radioactive substances.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, facilities 27... Can be installed on the inner periphery of the main peripheral wall of the rooftop evacuation site 18 during normal times as stores and public facilities and as evacuation centers when a tsunami strikes. On the roof evacuation site 18, as shown in the upper left column of FIG. 3, a residential area such as a detached house c or an apartment d may be provided in a plane corresponding to the range a. For example, when the detached house c is provided, as shown in the upper column, a piloty system in which the housing portion 33 is installed on two or four column columns 32 may be employed. Reference numeral 34 denotes a staircase, and the column column 32 may be embedded in the ground as shown in the right half section. This method can also be applied to houses installed on the flat land of FIG. The support column 32 may be extended on the dwelling portion 33 and attached with a spiral staircase s so that it can be evacuated urgently.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, an emergency evacuation site 28 is provided above the roof evacuation site 18 by extending the columns 22... And the central column 21 or by erecting original columns and multiple hills. May be installed. 29 is the climbing means.

When a tsunami (push wave + X) strikes, the vehicles a ... and the refugees b ... passing nearby evacuate to the rooftop evacuation site 18 by using the climbing means 16 suitable for each. FIG. 1 schematically shows the state at that time. The evacuees b can surpass the emergency using the facility 27. Electricity is provided by solar power generation (with storage function) not shown. The facilities 27 can be selectively installed in the first and second floor evacuation sites and emergency evacuation sites 20, 19, and 28. It may constitute an underground evacuation site.
Furthermore, it is free to install another large-scale evacuation facility adjacent to the illustrated large-scale evacuation facility, and in that case, an intercommunication unit 30 such as a connecting bridge may be provided between the facilities. This mutual connection part 30 can also be used as a tsunami damming means made of concrete or the like that rises from the ground. In that case, a traffic tunnel 31 can be formed in the damming means. The tunnel may have an emergency closing door. One climbing means 16 is provided on each of the sea side and the mountain side. For example, two climbing means 16 may be provided so as to be symmetrical. The emergency evacuation site 28 may be a cone, a pyramid shape, a cylinder, or a prismatic plateau as shown in the right column of FIG.

4 and 5 show another embodiment. The embodiment is also related to a large-scale tsunami evacuation facility made of reinforced concrete, and the facility is assumed to form a square shape such as a square or a long rectangle as viewed from above. 35 is a sea side road, 36 is a mountain side road, 37 is a foundation pile, 38 is a foundation, 39 is a main main wall with a square shape, 40 is a vehicle a ... for refugee b ... The vehicle climbing means 43 and 43 are evacuee climbing means.
This facility is provided with one or a pair of ascending / descending means 43 for evacuees on the sea side and mountain side so that it can evacuate to the rooftop evacuation area 44 and uses the vehicle ascending / descending means 40 on the side. The vehicle a can be evacuated from the sea side and the mountain side. The portion of the main peripheral wall 39 that is raised from the ascending / descending means 40 is indented in the solid line of FIG. 4, but it may be L-shaped like a virtual line 40a. Further, as shown in the lower left column of FIG. 4, an evacuation port 41 may be opened at the lower side of the main peripheral wall 39 and a subsequent inner evacuation path 42 may be provided to evacuate people or vehicles. In this case, another climbing means 40 can be provided outside.
The vehicle climbing means 40 may be provided in a pair of front and rear on each side. The roof evacuation site 44 is provided with an evacuee guidance guide 45 such as a handrail, and a facility 46 such as a store or a public facility is provided on the inner periphery protected by the guide 45 so that it can be used during an emergency or a tsunami emergency. It is available for any of these.
The roof evacuation site 44 may be provided with a residential area 54 with a road 53 as shown in the lower right column of FIG.
Although not shown, the solar power generation system is also complete. Reference numeral 47 denotes a descending road that enables the movement of the vehicle a to the second floor evacuation site 48 or the first floor evacuation site 49. 50 is a buffer pile that protects the refugee b ... from tsunami. 51 is a support | pillar, You may provide the emergency evacuation place 52 in the upper side from the roof using these. If the evacuation site 52 is arranged in an inclined manner as shown by a virtual line in FIG.

  6 to 8 show other embodiments of a large-scale tsunami evacuation facility. In this embodiment, 56 is a sea side bank, 57 is a sea side road, 58 is a mountain side road, and a plurality of tsunami evacuation facilities are installed between the roads 57 and 58. This tsunami evacuation facility can be configured to be used as a large-scale commercial facility as described above during normal times. In each facility, reference numeral 60 denotes a main peripheral wall, which is round and may have any diameter such as 50 to 300 m and a height of about 25 to 30 m. The main peripheral wall 60 is made of reinforced concrete, but may be constructed of a sheet pile, a steel pipe or the like. The facility is provided with a rooftop evacuation area 61 and can be evacuated downstairs via a descending path 62. There is a case where the downstairs is not constituted only by the rooftop evacuation place 61. Entrances 63 are opened on the left and right sides of the main peripheral wall 60.

  A plurality of such tsunami evacuation facilities are installed in parallel with the dike 56 so as to be spaced apart from each other, and a second dike 64 is provided between them as shown in a cross section in FIG. The 2nd embankment 64 has the climbing slope 65 before and behind that, and this also serves as an evacuation route. A connecting path 66 that leads to the entrance / exit 63 is formed at the upper end of the climbing slope 65.

When the tsunami + X comes in, the vehicle a ... and the refugee b ... use the ascending slopes 65, 65 as they are and evacuate from the connecting road 66 to the roof evacuation site 61 through the entrance / exit 63. Since the climbing slope 65 is a high second levee 64 itself, the tsunami + X is blocked. The second levee 64 can be provided with a tunnel leading to the front and rear. Reference numeral 67 denotes a side guard dike, which can be evacuated from the dike 67. If the dike 67 is recessed in the front side, the tsunami + X can be further prevented.
As shown in the lower right column of FIG. 6, the main peripheral wall 60 can be a horizontally long ellipse or an oval. 68 is a facility, which functions as a store or public facility during normal times, and functions as an evacuation house during a tsunami emergency. Solar panels can be installed on the top of the house.

  FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, which is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE, show an additional proposed example. The proposed example uses a large-scale tsunami evacuation facility to store the collected material 70 that is contaminated and collected by radioactive materials such as cesium, completely contained in a form that does not leak out to the outside. It is.

The evacuation facility is provided with a base plate 71 via a foundation pile (not shown), and a cylindrical or spiral protective peripheral wall 72 having a large diameter of about 20 to 30 m and a diameter of about 50 to 300 m. Built. The base version 71 may be topsoil. Further, the peripheral wall 72 may be various polygonal shapes, elliptical shapes, or other deformed shapes, and the height and the diameter are not limited to the above. Further, the peripheral wall 72 is constructed by a sheet pile such as RC or stone wall, a PC pile, or the like.
In addition, the climbing means 73 is attached to one or several places on the outer periphery of the peripheral wall 71 by a slope method, a staircase method, or a combination thereof so that the peripheral wall 72 can be evacuated. The slope can be widely used for vehicles, pedestrians, disaster vulnerable people, and the like. The peripheral wall 72 may have a spiral shape as shown in the upper right column of FIG.

  Inside such an evacuation facility, a main leakage prevention layer 75 made of lead is applied so as to follow the base plate 71 and the peripheral wall 72. The main leakage prevention layer 75 may be a multilayer other than a single layer. In order to prevent damage to the prevention layer 75, the outer periphery of the prevention layer 75 is provided with an outer peripheral protective layer 76 in a single or multi-layered manner by selecting one or a combination of sand, resin, vinyl sheet or rubber sheet. And Further, an inner peripheral protective layer 77 is provided inside the main leakage prevention layer 75, and the protective layer 77 is laminated from the outer peripheral side in the order of a rubber sheet layer, a flexible sheet layer, an earth and sand layer, a concrete layer, and the like. The configuration. The rubber sheet layer and the flexible sheet layer are for mitigating and reducing a local load applied to the concrete layer and the main leakage prevention layer 75 by a load from above such as the collected material 70 and preventing breakage. The concrete layer also functions as a first-stage leakage prevention layer. The rubber sheet layer / flexible sheet layer can be a single layer, and the earth / sand layer / concrete layer can be either only.

The collected material 70 includes the collected matter from the ocean, such as general debris, collected earth and sand from fields and school grounds, and oysters. The collected material 70 is contained in the inner space of the inner peripheral protective layer 77 and has an upper surface. As shown in FIG. 10, the main leakage prevention layer 75 is aligned to the upper end level. Then, a top leakage prevention layer 78 is applied so as to constitute a cover surface of the main leakage prevention layer 75. The top surface leakage prevention layer 78 includes, in addition to the lead layer, its upper and lower rubber sheet 79, or one of the rubber sheets 79. In particular, the lead layer is maintained in a close contact / sealing relationship with the main leakage prevention layer 75 described above. To do. Further, on the top surface leakage prevention layer 78, a concrete slab layer 81 as a surface layer is applied after the earth and sand base layer 80 is applied. The outer peripheral edge of the earth and sand base layer 80 / concrete plate layer 81 is in close contact / sealing relationship with the outer peripheral protective layer 76, and a protective layer for preventing infiltration of rainwater or the like is applied to the upper surface of the concrete plate layer 81. . Then, an evacuation site 82 such as a tsunami is set on the upper surface of the concrete plate layer 81, and a public facility 83 such as a school building or a private use facility 84 such as a store is installed so that it can be used during normal times. The facility 84 also functions as a facility that can be temporarily used when an emergency such as a tsunami or flood occurs and evacuates. As shown in the lower column of FIG. 10, methane gas or sewage is excluded outside and stored in a safer place on the inner wall protective layer 77 or the main leakage prevention layer 75 and a part of the bottom wall of the base plate 71 Recovery pits 85 and exclusion means 86 can be provided.
As shown in the lower right column of FIG. 10, the lower part of an RC-made frame made up of a ceiling wall 204 having a circular or polygonal plane, a base plate 205 and a protective peripheral wall 206 is submerged in the ground GL. In addition, the protective peripheral wall 206 is provided with a taper-shaped opening 208 and a sealing lid 209 that can be adapted to it at one or more peripheral portions of the protective peripheral wall 206. A large number of sealed containers 210 are loaded and loaded through the through-hole 208 and sealed with a lid 211 so as not to leak outside as a first stage of the radioactive waste 213 sealed inside. For example, “EAGLE8” (trade name), which is a high-performance ceramic material sold by Ryowa Kogyo Co., Ltd., is mixed with water and applied to both the inside and outside surfaces of the sealed container 210 and the lid 211. If the radioactive waste 213 itself is mixed with “EAGLE8” in a water-soluble state and is artificially formed in the container 210, leakage of the radioactive material can be prevented double or triple. “EAGLE8” cures quickly and does not shrink and cure, has high fire resistance and heat resistance, and has chemical resistance. Furthermore, because it is neutral, it suppresses deterioration of the coating object and exhibits excellent adhesion. It has features such as a dense structure that does not allow water to pass through. Most notably, the formation layer of “EAGLE8” can be installed without radioactive material leaking from the radioactive waste sealed inside, completely blocking the groundwater from the outside, and without generating cracks. In addition, it is suitable for complete encapsulation as a final disposal site for radioactive waste, such as high strength after construction.
These containers 210 are covered and sealed with “EAGLE 8” after being covered with a lid 211, and then loaded into and loaded through the through-hole 208. The entire inner periphery of the top wall 204 / peripheral wall 206 and the base plate 205 is treated with “EAGLE8” to prevent leakage, and after the sealing lid 209 is sealed, the periphery and the outer surfaces such as the top wall 204 / peripheral wall 206 are also “ It is assumed that leakage prevention processing is performed by “EAGLE8”. On the top wall 204, the upper surface of the coating layer itself of "EAGLE8" or the upper surface of the additional layer such as asphalt, concrete layer, earth and sand laid on the upper side of the coating layer as an evacuation surface from tsunami and flood An evacuee such as a car or a person from an evacuation path (not shown) provided obliquely upward in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral protection means 212 having a triangular cone shape as a whole and having a triangular cross section can be set. It is possible to evacuate to the surface. Leakage of radioactive material may be prevented by mixing “EAGLE8” into the outer periphery protection means 212 itself or by applying “EAGLE8” on the inclined upper surface of the protection means 212, for example.
In the above, radioactive waste is accommodated in the container 210 and further carried into the housing. However, without using the container 210, the radioactive waste (which may be at any stage before or after decontamination) and “ A water-soluble material mixed with “EAGLE8” may be put into a housing as it is to form artificial rock to prevent leakage of radioactive materials to the outside. The application includes spraying. Radioactive waste includes both designated waste and specified waste.
As an additional proposal example, the surface of buildings, such as buildings, school buildings, gymnasiums, government offices, evacuation shelters, moving vehicles, etc. that may be exposed to danger by using the above-mentioned “EAGLE8”. It is possible to secure the safety at the time of evacuation by covering the plastic house, and also to cover the plastic house so that it is possible to grow the house safely.

  FIG. 11 shows another proposed example. In this example, the depressions in the valleys 88 formed between the peaks 87 are used to completely enclose the collected material 70 that has been contaminated and collected by radioactive materials such as cesium so that the radioactive materials do not leak outside. It is intended to be stored. 89 is a main leakage prevention layer made of lead, and is provided with a single layer or multiple layers so as to follow from the bottom of the peak portion 87 to the valley portion 88, and a bottom protective layer 90 such as a rubber sheet is formed on the bottom surface thereof. It is given with. 91 is a top surface leakage prevention layer, which is also made of lead, is attached to the upper surface of the collected material 70, and is covered with a lid so as to be in close contact with and sealed to the peripheral edge of the main leakage prevention layer 89. The top surface leakage prevention layer 91 may be a single layer or a multilayer. Reference numeral 92 denotes a top surface protection layer made of a rubber sheet or the like, which prevents intrusion of rainwater, and 93 is embedded earth and sand that wraps the entire structure. Incidentally, a recovery pit 94 is provided in the valley portion of the bottom protective layer 90 so that water, gas, and the like can be extracted from the bottom portion.

  FIG. 12 shows another proposed example, and this example shows a method of adding lead at the same time when the protective peripheral wall 72 is formed. Reference numeral 100 denotes an outer mold frame, and 101 denotes an inner mold frame. In the meantime, the fixing tool 103 is used to fix the width through a width determining member 102. An inner protective material 104 such as resin or rubber and an outer protective material 105 are provided on the inner peripheral surface of such a mold structure, and a lead leakage prevention layer 106 is provided between them. The holding plate 107 is fastened and fixed by SUS or the like. This structure may be applied to concrete portions other than the peripheral wall 72 such as the foundation slab 71 and the concrete slab layer 81. Reference numeral 108 denotes a concrete placement direction, and 109 denotes a placement object such as concrete. This structure is a discarded formwork system.

FIG. 13 shows another proposed example. In this example, the molds 100 and 101 are formed in multiple layers such as two layers, and the leak prevention layer 106 is sandwiched integrally between them. This structure is a discarded formwork system.
On the inner surface or outer surface of the leakage prevention structure, a mixture of lead powder and paint may be attached as a layering agent.

  FIG. 14 shows another proposed example. In relation to the previous nuclear accident, the construction of concrete such as condominiums and waterways using sediment containing radioactive materials is regarded as a problem. FIG. 14 shows a countermeasure against this, and a protective layer 114 made of paint, resin, iron plate, rubber or the like is attached to the outer surface of the mold 113 so that the radioactive material such as cesium is not released from the groove mold 113. In this case, a lead leakage prevention layer 115 is externally provided. In this case, the leakage prevention layer 115 may be omitted.

FIG. 15 shows another proposed example. 118 is a coast part, 119 is a tree, 120 is a coastal street, 121 is a city street, 122 is a city area, + X is a tsunami (push wave), and the city area 122 may be directly attacked as it is.
As a countermeasure, a plurality of large-scale evacuation facilities 123 as described above are arranged, and these are arranged so as to divide the tsunami + X and counter the divided flow. An interbank embankment 124 is provided so that the flow is appropriately attenuated. In addition, the tree 119 can be held by the holding ring 125 as shown in the upper right column and connected to the protective pile 126 by the connecting material 127 so that the tree 119 does not fall down due to the tsunami flow + X. Then, the tree 119 also serves as a tsunami current + X damping function.

  FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 show an example of a lead-containing non-transmissive board B in which a radioactive substance is prevented from transmitting, and the unit of the board B is a plane rectangle. As shown in FIG. 17, reference numeral 130 denotes an outer plate such as a veneer plate, a resin plate, or a metal plate. Between the two front and back sheets, a radioactive material non-permeable material 131 made of a lead sheet and on the front and back surfaces thereof. Protective sheets 132, 132 such as a rubber sheet or a resin sheet are integrally bonded in a so-called sandwich type.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the non-transparent board B, which is formed in this manner, is pasted in a relation as close as possible to a surface to be attached, for example, a surface which is difficult to transmit a radioactive substance such as an outer wall surface of a general house. Yes. For the attachment and fixing, a through hole 133 is formed at an appropriate position on the board B, and a fastening tool 134 such as a nail or a screw is screwed through the through hole 133. Reference numeral 135 denotes a washer, and the washer 135 is also made of lead as shown in the left column of FIG. 17 in order to prevent the radioactive material from permeating through a minute gap such as the through-hole 133. The fastening tool 134 and its fastening surface vicinity may be covered with a paint mixed with lead powder. The washer 135 may be made of rubber containing lead powder.

  The mutual gap of FIG. 16 which is generated when the board B thus formed is stretched can be made non-transmissive by covering with the lead-containing adhesive sheet 136 as shown by a virtual line. FIG. 16 shows a state in which the sheets 136 and 136 are crossed and constructed. Moreover, another board B ′ can be superposed and made non-transparent so as to close the gap between the boards B attached like the solid line like the phantom line. Furthermore, the clearance gap of the board B can be made into a non-permeability | transmission state by apply | coating the paint containing lead powder with the rubber | gum containing a lead or a resin sheet. Further, the end edge of the board B may be formed in a sloped shape that interlaces with each other as shown in the right column of FIG.

  18 and 19 show another embodiment. The embodiment shows a large-scale hill facility that also serves as a tsunami (or flood) evacuation facility, 150 is a main peripheral wall, has a circular shape when viewed from above, and is set to have a diameter of 50 m, 100 m, 300 m, or more, The height from the ground is about 30m. The main peripheral wall 150 is constructed on the bottom wall 151, the pile 152, and the like. A pair of inner peripheral walls 153 are provided along the inner surface of the main peripheral wall 150, and climbing means 154 that is a slope is provided between the inner peripheral wall 153 and the main peripheral wall 150 to climb counterclockwise in FIG. 18. Can be done. As shown in the lower right column of FIG. 18, the climbing means 154 is composed of a low ramp on which the car a climbs and a high ramp on which the person b climbs so that the person a evacuated by the car a will not be damaged in an emergency. It is. The entrance 155 to the ascending / descending means 154 is opened at the lower edge of the main peripheral wall 150 as shown in FIG. The lane of the ascending / descending means 154 may be a two-lane UP-DOWN type as shown in the lower left column of FIG. 18, and in this case, it is effectively used as a daily life road.

Reference numeral 157 denotes a high ground such as earth and sand or concrete buried in the main peripheral wall 150, and its upper surface is a high ground surface 158 that also serves as an evacuation site. On this hill surface 158, a store 159 in the center of the area, public facilities (fire fighting, police box, government office, etc.) 160 and a surrounding residential area 161 are provided together with a required hill road 162. A plurality of elevators 163 are provided via the outer peripheral surface of the main peripheral wall 150, and are used for daily life and in an emergency. When the elevator 163 cannot be operated due to a trouble in an emergency, the elevator 163 can be evacuated by using a ramp for humans of the climbing means 154. Needless to say, a power generation system during a power failure is installed so that the elevator 163 can be driven in an emergency. Reference numeral 164 denotes an urban road.
As shown in the upper column of FIG. 18, the main peripheral wall 150 can have various shapes such as an elliptical shape, an oval shape, a rhombus, and a polygon more than a triangle. Reference numeral 165 denotes an emergency float device that can be used when the tsunami height is higher than expected, and can be evacuated from the height of the tsunami by surfacing on the hydraulic operation path.

  20 to 22 show another embodiment. The embodiment is intended to provide a large-scale upland facility that attaches great importance to daily life and can evacuate safely and reliably in an emergency such as a tsunami. Reference numeral 170 denotes a flat ground, on which a main peripheral wall 173 having a cylindrical shape is formed by RC or a steel drum type via a pile 171 and a bottom slab 172. Its diameter, height, etc. are substantially the same as in the above embodiment.

  An inner peripheral wall 174 having a shape along the main peripheral wall 173 is integrally formed at a plurality of positions on the inner peripheral wall 173, and vehicle climbing means 175 that is an oblique slope is provided through the inner peripheral wall 174. . Reference numeral 176 denotes an entrance to the climbing means 175, which is formed in a square shape at the lower edge of the main peripheral wall 173.

  In the main peripheral wall 173, a high surface 178 is formed by putting a filler 177 such as earth and sand, a concrete lump or rubble into a concrete finish on the upper layer portion. As shown in the upper right column of FIG. 21, the inside may be a cavity, and the upper plateau wall 180 may be integrally formed on the inner peripheral upper portion of the main peripheral wall 173 through a rib 179 as appropriate. It is possible to finish the hill upper wall 180 with asphalt or earth and sand. On the upper side of the hill surface 178, a store, public, various private facilities A, and a facility B made by a detached house 182 and a condominium 183 are constructed to form one collective life stage.

Reference numeral 181 denotes a central hole cylinder which is integrally raised from the center of the bottom plate 172. Inner entrances 184 are provided at a plurality of locations of the hole cylinder 181 and outer entrances 185 are opened on the main peripheral wall 173 radially outward. Has been. A square, arched or other shape of culvert 186 is connected between the doorways 184 and 185 so that the life passage 187 for evacuation is arranged in a radial arrangement as viewed from above. On the inner periphery of the central hall body 185, one or a plurality of inner climbing means 188 such as a slope, a staircase, and a surrounding escalator are formed. There are elevators 189 that can be moved up and down. A facility C is installed in a space such as the center of the central hall body 181. An elevator may be provided at the location of the facility C.
Such large-scale hill facilities may be arranged adjacent to each other as shown in FIG. The connecting portion 190 may be a bridge type or a protective embankment that rises integrally from the ground 170. The connecting unit 190 that stands up together can protect against the tsunami pushing wave X and the pulling wave. The main peripheral wall 173 can have various shapes such as an oval shape, an oval shape, a rhombus, and a polygon more than a triangle. The culvert 186 may have a concrete structure such as RC integral with the bottom plate 172, the main peripheral wall 173, and the like.

  The large-scale hill facility can enter and exit between the hill surface 178 and the ground 170 using an elevator 189 and a living passage 187 during normal times. The car a can enter and exit using the climbing means 175. Considering the convenience of peacetime in this way, when a tsunami X attacks, people can evacuate on the high ground surface 178 using the life passage 187... And the elevator 189, or use the inner climbing means 188. You can evacuate. Moreover, the car a can be evacuated using the climbing means 175. The climbing means 175 may be provided with an inclined slope for evacuating people as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 23 shows another embodiment. The embodiment shows an example of a large-scale type protection dike constructed in a special area having a land 193 which is a landform that faces a harbor 191 on a rias coast and is surrounded by mountains 192 on the left and right sides. This protective embankment does not simply protect the tsunami as described in the previous embodiment, but enables safe life during normal times and safe evacuation during tsunamis. The large-scale hill facility P is a flat rhombus with a filling material embedded in a peripheral wall 194 having a height of about 30 m to 40 m and a height of 25 m to 30 m. A hill surface 195 is formed to make it a stage that can be lived, and evacuation is possible by means of climbing means 196.

Various facilities as in the above-described embodiment can be incorporated on the stage where life is possible, and the climbing means 196 is also a slope system that follows the inner periphery of the peripheral wall 194, a method that follows the outer periphery, and a radial passage system that uses a culvert. Etc. can be adopted. The shape of the peripheral wall 194 may be an ellipse or an ellipse as shown in FIG. 24, or may be a polygon such as a flat octagon as shown in FIG. 25 or a horizontally long rectangle. The connecting levee 197 is provided with a through hole for passing the road 198 and the river 199, and a tide door 200 for closing the through hole before the tsunami hits, so that it can be opened and closed. Further, the side levee 201 closes the space between the end of the large-scale hill facility P and the mountain 192.
Such protective dikes may be arranged in a plurality of rows (three or more rows) as shown in FIG. In this case, connecting dykes 197 may be provided between the front and the back to enable the transportation. For the large-scale upland facility P, the above-mentioned various proposal examples can be adopted. Furthermore, although the tide door 200 is an electric type, it can be automatically closed by the tsunami attack energy in the event of a power failure. Further, as shown in the lower right column of FIG. 23, the front row can be a large upland facility P only, and the rear row can be a continuous large-scale type protective levee with a connecting levee 197 and a side edge levee 201. . Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 24, the large-scale upland facilities P may be arranged in a zigzag manner in the front and rear.

  26 to 28 show another embodiment. The embodiment relates to a large-scale hill facility capable of evacuating from an emergency such as a tsunami or flood. 217 is the ground, 218 is a bottom plate, 219 is a round cylindrical main peripheral wall, and the main peripheral wall 219 is The lower part is buried in the ground 217 with a diameter of about 100 m and a ground height of about 20 m, and the upper part is mostly built up from the ground. The main peripheral wall 219 may be about 50 m, or may have a large diameter of about 200 to 300 m. The bottom slab 218 may be constructed on a foundation pile, foundation laying or the like, or a large number of D / BOX (trade name: Metric Technology Research Laboratories) 220 as shown in phantom lines in FIG. It may be laid in a shape to take measures for ground reinforcement and liquefaction.

  A filler 221 made of earth and sand, gravel, debris or the like is introduced into the main peripheral wall 219 and the upper surface thereof is finished with a top finish 222 made of concrete or asphalt. The top finish 222 may be natural earth and sand, and an evacuation area 224 including a parking lot 223 for peace and evacuation is provided on a wide area. In addition, a store / accommodation facility 225, an underground sewage facility 226, an underground water storage facility 227, and the like are provided on the outer periphery, and an underground warehouse 228 is also provided. Further, on the outer periphery of the top surface finish 222, as shown in a cross section in FIG. 28, stairway facilities 231 that can enter and exit from the outside of the ground and can be evacuated to the evacuation site 224 on the upper surface through the folded staircase 230 are arranged in several places. . This staircase equipment 231 can also be used during normal times. 232 is an evacuation tower, which is equipped with an evacuation stage that is additionally set up several meters above the staircase 231 or on the upper side, and can be evacuated when the tsunami exceeds expectations. .

  On the outer periphery of the main peripheral wall 219, climbing means 236 having a parallel slope of a vehicle slope 234 and a human slope 235 is arranged so as to be in a positional relationship shifted half a round. The human slope 235 may be a slope formed by dividing the slope in the longitudinal direction and connecting the slopes in a stepwise manner in addition to the continuous slope. a represents a vehicle, and b represents a person (refugee). The human slope 235 is secured from the vehicle a on the vehicle slope 234 side by a guard 237 such as a handrail. It should be noted that the part of the main peripheral wall 219 where the vehicle a or person b climbs is about 1 m lower than most other peripheral walls, and the climbing ends of the slopes 234 and 235 and the evacuation site 224 are at the same height level. Has been. In addition, as shown in the upper right column of FIG. 27, in the case where the diameter of the facility is as small as about 20 to 50 m, the slopes 234 and 235 have one or two rounds, but the entrance is X and Y in the figure. As such, it can be configured such that two places (plural places) can evacuate immediately from two places (plural places) on the ground.

  FIG. 29 and FIG. 30 (L direction arrow view of FIG. 29) show another embodiment. The same embodiment has a deformed oval shape in a plan view with one pointed end, and includes an RC main peripheral wall 240 having a bottom portion embedded in the ground and a height of about 9 m above the ground. An inclined side peripheral wall 241 is integrally extended to form an outer casing, and a width of several meters is formed between the side peripheral wall 241 and the main peripheral wall 240 to form a slope type main climbing means 242 therebetween. The main evacuation area 244, which is a flat and wide flat hill with a plan view deformed oval shape, is formed with a height of around 8m above the ground, allowing for evacuation from the outer evacuation route 243. In the event of an emergency, the main evacuation site 244 is evacuated to avoid damage. Such large-scale upland facilities are already known. Incidentally, 245 is a stepwise sub-climbing means that is used by those who cannot use the main climbing means 242 and is a new proposal. The ascending / descending means 245 includes a central slope and left and right stairs.

  These large-scale hill facilities were initially considered to perform well for tsunami attacks if the main evacuation site 244 was set at 8 m according to certain criteria. For example, the tsunami attack height in the area The following is an example of measures taken when an assumption result that a tsunami with a height of 11 m will strike when the assumption review is performed and the height of the main evacuation site 244 is insufficient by 3 m is shown. 247 is a large-diameter peripheral wall, 248 is a small-diameter peripheral wall, both of which are made of RC, metal (including aluminum alloy), resin (including FRP), wood, etc. These large-diameter and small-diameter peripheral walls 247 and 248 are erected so that their bottoms are embedded in the main evacuation site 244 and are all 5 meters above the evacuation surface. In addition, sub-evacuation sites 249... Are formed in the interior so as to be 4 m high.

The large-diameter peripheral wall 247 having the secondary evacuation site 249 is configured as a large-side unit U... And the small-diameter peripheral wall 248 having the secondary evacuation site 249 is configured as a small-side unit u. When viewed from above, the main ascending / descending means 242 is fixed so as to form a C-shaped outline having an entrance 250 on the entrance side. Reference numeral 251 denotes an ascending / descending means for guiding evacuees from the main evacuation site 244 to the secondary evacuation site 249, and 252 is a connecting bridge that can be used to move between units to move to a safer evacuation site. It functions as it can. As described above, the secondary evacuation sites 249... Are provided above the main evacuation site 244, so that it is safe even if a high tsunami assumed by the review comes.
Note that the unit U can be set high and u can be set low so that evacuation is possible by climbing from the unit u to the unit U stepwise.

14 ... Main wall 15 ... Ground 16 ... Ascent / descent means 18 ... Large-scale evacuation site.

Claims (1)

  There is a large-scale evacuation site that exceeds the tsunami height assumed in the inner area of the peripheral wall, and there are climbing means that can be climbed from nearby roads and flat areas on the outer periphery. Tsunami evacuation device that can be evacuated.

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