JP2013066422A - Control method on soilborne viral disease damage - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an efficient raising method of a plant seedling for controlling soilborne viral disease damage.SOLUTION: The raising method of the plant seedling for controlling the soilborne viral disease damage includes raising the plant seedling by using a seedling pot that has one or more slits on a sidewall surface and fix-planting the seedling in the pot on a field before a root of the plant seedling rolls in the pot.

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel method for controlling soil-borne viral diseases.

  Conventionally, methyl bromide, which is a kind of soil fumigant, has been widely used for controlling diseases caused by soil-borne viruses such as pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). However, methyl bromide was designated as a substance that destroys the ozone layer, and it was decided that it would be abolished in Japan as of the end of 2012. Therefore, establishment of a new method for controlling diseases caused by soil-borne viruses is an urgent task.

  It is considered that the main infection route of some soil infectious viruses including PMMoV is a root wound generated at the time of planting (Non-patent Document 1). Therefore, a method has been developed that avoids infection by soil-borne viruses and controls diseases caused by soil-borne viruses by planting the roots with dust paper when planting seedlings. However, the work of covering the root pots of plant seedlings with dust paper at the time of planting increases the labor force and imposes a heavy burden on the producer, which is not practical. In addition, the present inventors have reported that the occurrence of diseases caused by soil infectious viruses can be reduced by planting seedlings grown in peat moss molding pots together with the pots (Non-patent Document 2). However, peat moss molding pots are not practical because they do not have enough strength to be used over a long period of time from sowing and raising seedlings to planting and cannot be used consistently.

  Therefore, the establishment of a new method for controlling diseases caused by soil-borne viruses is still eagerly desired in the field.

Takeshi Oki, Shinya Tsuda, Yoichiro Honda. 2003. Analysis of soil infection factors of red pepper mild mottle virus. Nikkatsu disease report. 69: 334 Takeshi Oki, Shinya Tsuda, Yoichiro Honda. 2003. Soil transmission control of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) by transplanting peat moss molding pot. Kanto Pest Research Bulletin. 50: 29-32

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the new method for controlling a soil infectious virus disease.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have grown plant seedlings using a seedling pot having one or more slits on the side wall surface, and the roots of the plant seedlings are It has been found that the occurrence of soil infectious virus disease can be significantly reduced by planting the entire pot in the field before winding in the pot, and the present invention has been completed.

The present invention includes the following.
[1] A method for raising a plant seedling for controlling a soil infectious virus disease, comprising raising a plant seedling using a seedling pot having one or a plurality of slits on a side wall surface, and The method as described above, comprising planting the entire pot in a field before the root is wound in the pot.
[2] The method according to [1], wherein the seedling pot is made of a biodegradable material.
[3] The group in which the soil infectious virus disease consists of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), red pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and cucumber green mosaic virus (KGMMV) The method of [1] or [2], wherein the disease is caused by a virus selected from
[4] The method according to [3], wherein the soil infectious virus disease is a disease caused by red pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV).
[5] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of Solanum, Cucurbitaceae, Legumeaceae, Brassicaceae, Orchidaceae.
[6] The method according to [5], wherein the plant is tobacco, pepper, pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, watermelon, orchid, turnip or wasabi.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the onset of a soil infectious virus disease can be controlled efficiently and notably. Moreover, according to this invention, even if it is the soil contaminated with the soil infectious virus, the pathogenesis of a soil infectious virus disease can be controlled and a plant can be cultivated.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a biodegradable pot provided with a slit produced in Example 1. FIG.

  The present invention relates to a method for raising plant seedlings for controlling soil-borne viral diseases.

  The viral plant diseases controlled by the present invention include plant diseases caused by viruses whose pathogen belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), red pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tomato Plant diseases caused by mosaic virus (ToMV), cucumber green mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Odonto grossum ring spot virus (ORSV) are included, but are not limited thereto. More specifically, tobacco mosaic disease caused by tobacco mosaic virus, pepper pepper mottle virus, pepper mosaic disease caused by tomato mosaic virus or tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber green spot mosaic disease caused by cucumber green spot mosaic virus, or odonto grossum ring spot virus Examples include but are not limited to viral diseases.

  Soil transmission by Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV), Cucumber Green Mosaic Virus (KGMMV), Odonto Gross Ring Spot Virus (ORSV) It is also known to be a so-called physical contact infection that invades and infects from a wound formed on the root surface that occurs when plant seedlings are planted in a field.

  According to the seedling raising method of the present invention, the root is not damaged at the time of planting, and the wound on the root surface for the invasion / infection of the soil infectious virus does not occur or the generation of the wound can be reduced. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the soil infectious virus from entering and infecting and to control soil infectious virus diseases.

  Plants to which the method of the present invention can be applied include various plants such as vegetables, fruits and horticultural crops, including plants such as solanaceae, cucurbitaceae, legumes, cruciferous and orchidaceae. Specific examples include tobacco, pepper, pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, watermelon, orchid, but are not limited thereto.

In the present invention, “seedling” means a seedling plant until planting in a field.
In the seedling raising method of the present invention, the plant seedling is grown using a seedling pot having one or a plurality of slits on the side wall surface, and the plant seedling is planted in a field before the root of the plant seedling is wound in the pot. including.

  The “nurturing pot” in the present invention has a bottomed upper end opening shape including a bottom portion and a side wall surface portion extending upward from the periphery of the bottom portion, and includes at least one or a plurality of slits in the side wall surface portion.

  In the present invention, the term “slit” means a slit that penetrates through the side wall surface portion and has both ends in the longitudinal direction closed in a natural state. The phrase “closed in a natural state” means that the seedling pot is closed in a state where the cultivation soil is filled. By this closed slit, the soil can be held in the pot and incident light from the pot side wall surface portion can be blocked. Furthermore, the closed slit allows the roots of the plant seedlings to expand and expand the closed slit, and the plant seedlings are planted in the field with the pots in the state of being planted in the seedling pots. Even so, the roots of the plant body can easily reach the field outside the seedling pot by expanding the closed slit, and can be cultivated without hindering the growth of the plant seedling.

  The size and number of slits can be appropriately selected according to the size of the seedling pot and the type of plant seedling as long as the slit can maintain the above function. For example, when the seedling pot has a diameter of 7.5 to 15 cm and a depth of 6.4 to 14 cm, about 8 to 24 slits having a length of about 1 cm to 10 cm can be provided. Not.

  The shape of the slit may be straight or curved as long as the slit can maintain the above function, and the slit is perpendicular to the bottom, parallel to, or diagonally on the side wall surface of the seedling pot. Or a combination of them.

  The position of the slit may be in any part of the side wall surface part as long as the slit can maintain the above function, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably arranged in a part near the bottom of the side wall surface part. Moreover, you may arrange | position a slit in the bottom part as needed. However, one end or both ends of the slit do not reach the upper opening edge of the seedling pot.

  The seedling pot may be composed of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or vinyl chloride, but is preferably composed of a biodegradable material. In the present invention, the “biodegradable material” is not particularly limited as long as it can be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. For example, biodegradable materials such as polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and polyglycolic acid are used. For example, plastic.

  In addition, the seedling pot may be provided with one or a plurality of openings for water passage separately from the slits. The size, shape, and number of openings are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the size of the seedling pot, the type of plant seedling, the type of soil for raising seedling, and the like.

  The seedling raising of the plant seedling in the seedling pot can be performed by a conventionally known method. That is, the seedling pot is filled with seedling culture soil, and plant seeds are sown on the culture soil or germinated seeds are raised. Cultured soil is red jade soil, Kanuma soil, Hinata soil, mountain sand, river sand, Kiryu sand, rice soil, pumice, expanded polystyrene, expanded polyethylene, perlite, vermiculite, rock wool, zeolite, wood chips, bamboo chips, foamed glass, peat moss, mulch Well-known materials for raising seedlings such as park compost, paddy, charcoal, charcoal powder, bran and wetting agent can be appropriately selected and mixed for use. If necessary, fertilizers such as inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and chemical composts can be appropriately added to the seedling culture soil.

  The plant seedling in the seedling pot is planted together with the pot in the field before the root of the plant seedling is wound in the seedling pot. Here, “the root of the plant seedling rolls in the seedling pot” means that the root extended as the plant seedling grows reaches or contacts the bottom wall of the seedling pot and the inner wall of the side wall surface, and is bent or bent. . Therefore, “before the roots of the plant seedlings are wound in the seedling pot” means before the roots of the plant seedlings reach and contact the bottom wall of the seedling pot and the inner wall of the side wall surface portion. If the roots of the plant seedlings are wound in the nursery pot, when the plant seedlings are planted in the field with the seedling pots still planted, the roots are prevented from extending smoothly out of the pot through the slits. Root growth and seedling initial growth are delayed, which can reduce plant growth and yield.

  The time when the roots of the plant seedlings are wound in the seedling pot varies depending on factors such as the type of plant, the growth conditions, the size of the seedling pot, etc., but those skilled in the art can determine the number of days after sowing. It can be easily determined based on the number of days after potting. For example, as described in detail in the following examples, when a green pepper seedling is grown in a seedling pot having a diameter of 12 cm and a depth of 10 cm, “before the root of the plant seedling is wound in the seedling pot” 35 at the latest after sowing Preferably it is before the day.

  Further, in the present invention, “fixed planting” means that the plant seedling grown in the seedling pot is transferred to the field and planted in the state of being planted in the seedling pot. Since the seedling pot can be used consistently from seedling to permanent planting, it is less burdensome for the producer than the prior art described in the section of “Background Technology”, and the plant should be cultivated efficiently. Can do. In the present specification, the planting of plant seedlings in a field before the roots of the plant seedlings are wound in a seedling pot may be referred to as “early planting”.

  The plant seedlings grown in the seedling pot can be planted in the field where virus diseases occur by planting them in the field with the plant seedling pots still planted before the roots of the plant seedlings are wound in the seedling pot. In addition, direct contact between the contaminated soil and the plant seedling can be avoided, and since the roots are not damaged at the time of planting, virus infection can be avoided. Moreover, since the roots of the seedlings can extend from the slit to the outside of the seedling pot after reaching the field, the plant seedlings can be cultivated without hindering the growth of the plant seedlings after the planting. In addition, cultivation of the plant seedling after planting can be performed according to a conventionally well-known method.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to a following example.

(Example 1) Production of a biodegradable pot with a slit In a biodegradable pot (diameter 12 cm x depth 10 cm, Tokai Kasei Co., Ltd.) on the side wall surface, perpendicular to the bottom from the bottom of the pot center Twenty-four slits with a length of 20 mm were put in each of them at 12 mm intervals to produce a biodegradable pot having slits (FIG. 1). Each slit was arranged so that the end on the bottom side was 7 mm from the bottom. In addition to the slit, the pot was provided with openings for water flow (one bottom hole (diameter 15 mm) and four square holes (diameter 10 mm)).

(Example 2) Growth / yield investigation of bell pepper seedlings by early planting using a biodegradable pot with slits Seeds of bell pepper "TM Suzunami" (July 31, 2009), 7 days after sowing On (August 7, 2009), a pot was placed in a biodegradable pot provided with a slit prepared in Example 1 above, which was filled with a conventionally known seedling culture soil. Thereafter, seedlings were grown according to a normal seedling raising method.

  In general, bell pepper seedlings are planted in a field after growing in a pot for 40 days after sowing. In this example, the planting in the field was performed earlier than usual. That is, after seedling was grown for 31 days after sowing using a biodegradable pot having a slit, young seedlings with the pot were planted on the field on August 31, 2009 in the state of being planted in the pot (Table 1). 2 and 2, described as "biodegradable pot with slits / early planting"). In the pot, the roots of seedlings grown for 31 days after sowing were not wound in the pot.

  On the other hand, as a control, after seedling was grown for 40 days after sowing using the biodegradable pot with the slit, the seedling was taken out from the pot and planted in the field (in Table 2, “Biodegradable pot with slit ・The plant was grown for 40 days after sowing using a polyethylene pot (with a diameter of 12 cm, a depth of 10 cm and a diameter of 18 mm) instead of the biodegradable pot provided with the slit. Later, seedlings taken out from the pot and planted in the field (in Tables 1 and 2, described as “conventional seedlings / conventional planting”) were used. In each pot, it was observed that the roots of seedlings grown for 40 days after sowing were partially wound in the pot.

  The cultivation method after the planting was U-shaped attraction of 4 main branches, and the planting density was 2.0 m cocoon width and 50 cm between strains (100 strains / a). The harvest survey was conducted from October 2nd to the end of May 2009.

The growth results of each green pepper seedling in the initial stage after planting (63 days after sowing) are shown in Table 1 below.

  As is clear from the results of Table 1, after seedling in a biodegradable pot with slits, the seedlings that were planted in the field earlier than usual were equal or more than conventional seedlings that had been planted and practiced. Growth was observed.

Next, the yield results of peppers in each pepper seedling are shown in Table 2 below.

  As is clear from the results in Table 2, in the seedlings ("Biodegradable pot with slits / early fixed planting with slits") planted in the biodegradable pot with slits and then planted earlier than usual, the control Compared with the green pepper seedlings, the yield of green pepper was equal or better.

(Example 3) Soil infection control of mosaic disease using a biodegradable pot provided with a slit Biodegradable provided with a side hole in the side wall surface portion of a biodegradable pot (diameter 12 cm x depth 10 cm, Tokai Kasei Co., Ltd.) A sex pot was made. The side holes are arranged in eight rows at 30 mm intervals on the side wall surface portion of the biodegradable pot, and each row has three openings (each having a diameter of 5 mm) arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom at 11 mm intervals. . The opening from the bottom of each row was arranged so that its center was at a position 7 mm from the bottom. The biodegradable pot was provided with a water passage opening (one bottom hole (diameter 15 mm) and four square holes (diameter 10 mm)) separately from the side holes.

Planting pepper seedlings (variety: Kyo Suzu) inoculated with PMMoV-L ³ breakthrough strain (PMMoV-Ij strain), cultivating for a certain period of time, then removing the above ground part and submerging the underground part, thereby creating a contaminated field of mosaic disease Produced.

  Biodegradable pot having the slits produced in Example 1, seeded with peppers (variety: Kyo Yutaka, TM Suzunami) and filled with a conventionally known seedling culture soil 7 days after sowing or the above-mentioned side surface Potted into a biodegradable pot with holes. Thereafter, seedlings were grown according to a normal seedling raising method. After seedling for 31 days after sowing, young seedlings with the pots were planted in the contaminated field while being planted in each pot (in Table 3, “biodegradable pots with slits / early planting” “side holes” A biodegradable pot with early planting). In addition, 7 days after sowing, the plant was raised in a polyethylene pot (with a diameter of 12 cm, a depth of 10 cm and a bottom hole of 18 mm in diameter), and after seeding for 40 days, the seedling was taken out from the pot. A plant that had been planted in a field was used as a control (in Table 3, “conventional seedlings / conventional planting”).

  About one month after the planting, the upper leaves of each seedling were collected, and the presence or absence of mosaic disease was confirmed by DAS-ELISA.

The results are shown in Table 3 below.

  As is clear from the results in Table 3, after raising seedlings in a biodegradable pot equipped with slits, in the seedlings planted in the field earlier than usual, the incidence of mosaic disease was 0% In the seedlings planted in the biodegradable pot with side holes and then planted in the field earlier than usual, and the seedlings planted in the customary and conventional planted plants, the onset of mosaic disease was observed (7. 5% and 2.5% disease incidence).

  From the above results, it was clarified that after planting in a biodegradable pot with slits, it was possible to remarkably control the onset of mosaic disease due to soil infection by planting the pot together with the pot earlier than usual. .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently control the occurrence of soil-borne viral diseases, and in the agricultural field as a new control method that replaces the conventional control method using methyl bromide which is a kind of soil fumigant. It is expected to contribute greatly.

Claims (6)

  A method for raising a plant seedling for controlling a soil infectious virus disease, wherein the plant seedling is grown using a seedling pot having one or more slits on a side wall surface, and the root of the plant seedling is The above method comprising planting the entire pot in a field before winding in the pot.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling pot is made of a biodegradable material.   The soil infectious viral disease is selected from the group consisting of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), red pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and cucumber green mosaic virus (KGMMV) The method according to claim 1 or 2, which is a disease caused by a virus.   4. The method of claim 3, wherein the soil-borne viral disease is a disease caused by Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV).   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of Solanum, Cucurbitaceae, Legumeaceae, Brassicaceae, Orchidaceae.   The method according to claim 5, wherein the plant is tobacco, pepper, pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, watermelon, orchid, turnip or wasabi.

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