JPH09227315A - Growth of useful plant and soil treating agent for controlling damage by soil propagating virus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To grow a useful plant by scattering an effective amount of a composition containing a specific active ingredient compound into soil in which soil microorganisms mediating a soil-borne virus live or may live. SOLUTION: A composition containing an azide compound capable of producing hydrogen azide by decomposition is sprayed into soil. For example, sodium azide, potassium azide, calcium azide, barium azide, etc., is especially preferably used as the azide compound. An amount applied to soil is preferably at least 1kg based on 10a soil. A product (AB) of a scattered azide compound amount (Akg/10a) with a treating period (B days) is preferably 10-300. A bacterium of the genus Olpidium is especially used as a soil microorganism mediating a soil-borne virus. This treating agent contains 30-99wt.% solid powder, 1-40wt.% azide compound and 0.1-30wt.% water-soluble binder.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for growing useful plants for controlling soil-borne viral diseases of useful plants and a soil treatment agent for controlling the plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, since a soil-borne virus represented by a tobacco mosaic virus is transmitted to the soil, it is necessary to disinfect not only cultivation soil but also cultivation materials, compost, nursery soil, etc. Methyl bromide is widely used as a soil treatment agent for control. However,
Due to environmental problems, methyl bromide is being regulated for use, and alternative soil treatment agents are required. In addition, chlorpicrin is also used as a soil treatment agent for controlling soil-borne viral diseases, but it is not as effective as methyl bromide, and chloropicrin has a strong odor from the standpoint of workability and stimulates skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, there is a drawback that it is difficult to use.

Among soil-borne virus diseases, melon necrotic spot virus, etc. mediated by the genus Orpidium sp. That inhabits soil, is infected by invading the roots of plants, Cause the plant to become ill. Further, the juice of a plant once the virus has invaded and spreads on human hands, scissors, etc., which is one of the diseases that are difficult to control, and a soil treatment agent is required.

On the other hand, an azide salt, for example, an alkali azide salt, is rapidly hydrolyzed by an acid in the soil to generate hydrogen azide, which exhibits biological activity, and is a part of pests and weeds in the soil. For control (CAN.J.MICROBIOL.VOL.21, P.565
570,1975), for the control of peanut nematodes and pod rot (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 49-93526) and for weeding (Japanese Patent Publication No.
3-23375), Fusarium disease of beans and tomatoes, Rhizoctonia disease, Verticillium disease, Phytophytolar disease, etc. (FUNGICIDES FOR CROP PROTECTION.BCPC MO
NOGRAPH, NO.31, P.253-256, 1985) is effective.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for growing useful plants for controlling soil-borne virus diseases caused by the effects of soil microorganisms that mediate soil-borne viruses, and a soil treatment agent for controlling the plants. To provide. The present inventor, as a result of repeating earnest research as not achieving this object, spraying a composition containing an azide compound on soil, planting seedlings of useful plants in the spray-treated soil, or sowing, It has been found that the soil-borne virus disease can be controlled by growing it, and the present invention has been completed.

[0006]

That is, according to the present invention, in growing a useful plant, a composition containing an azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide upon decomposition transmits a soil-borne virus. Characterized by spraying in an amount effective for sterilizing the microorganisms in a soil in which the soil microorganisms live or may be infested, and planting or sowing a fungal plant of a useful plant in the spray-treated soil to grow. A method for growing useful plants is provided.

The composition containing an azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide upon decomposition used in the present invention includes:
A solid powder, a water-decomposable composition substantially consisting of an azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide by decomposition and a water-soluble binder, and an aqueous solution of the azide compound dissolved in water are preferably used, and particularly the former water-decomposition It is more preferably used because the composition is easy to handle and excellent in workability.

[0008] The solid powder, which is a component of the water-decomposable composition, is used for the purpose of stably diluting the azide compound and easily forming it into a uniform shape. The solid powder may be, for example, a mineral substance, a vegetable substance, a synthetic product, a semi-synthetic product, or a natural product, and examples of the mineral substance include clay, calcium carbonate, vermiculite, perlite, talc, acid clay, kaolin, zeolite and the like. Examples of the plant material include cellulose hydrolysates, rice husks, pulp, and the like, and powders of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer may be used.

The azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide upon decomposition may be a compound which is decomposed by the action of water, and for example, an azide salt, particularly an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt is preferable. Specifically, sodium azide, potassium azide, calcium azide, barium azide and the like are used, and sodium azide is particularly preferable.

The water-soluble binder is used for the purpose of effectively forming the azide compound together with the solid powder as a soil treatment agent and forming it into a good form. The binder is water-soluble and is soluble in an organic solvent. Is also preferably a polymer that dissolves. This water-soluble binder is
200-3,000 per liter of water at 20 ° C
Those which dissolve in the range of g, preferably in the range of 300 to 1,000 g are suitable. Those having a solubility lower than 200 g / liter require a large amount of the solvent, which causes a problem in production. On the other hand, if the solubility is higher than 3,000 g / liter, it is difficult to maintain an appropriate viscosity and there is a problem in molding.

The water-soluble binder acts to form the solid powder and the azide compound into a form suitable as a soil treating agent, and after being dispersed in the soil, the molded product disintegrates due to the action of water to form hydrogen azide. Has a function to promote the occurrence. Examples of the water-soluble binder include starch, dextrin, sodium alginate, gum arabic, gelatin, lignin, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose,
Hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyacrylamide,
Partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene glycol,
Examples thereof include polyvinylpyrrolidone and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer. Of these, polyethylene glycol is preferred from both the moldability and control properties.
Among polyethylene glycols, those having a solubility in water of 200 to 3,000 g / liter, more preferably 300 to 1,000 g / liter are particularly preferable. Generally, those having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 15,000 are preferable.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned water-decomposable composition preferably used is itself stable and safe in the atmosphere. However, when this composition is sprayed into the soil and mixed with the soil, the molded product collapses due to the moisture in the soil, and the azide compound comes into contact with water and decomposes to generate hydrogen azide.
At this time, in the acid soil, the decomposition of the azide compound is further promoted by the acidity. Therefore, the water-decomposable composition of the present invention is effective for acidic soil, and for neutral or alkaline soil, the composition itself is acid-treated, the soil is acid-treated or an azide compound is used. It is effective to spray the decomposing agent. As for the acid treatment of the composition itself, for example, a decomposing agent for an azide compound such as an organic acid is added to the composition, or a solid powder as a component of the composition is mixed with an acidic solid such as an acid clay. Means of making a powder may be mentioned.

The water-decomposable composition substantially comprising the solid powder, an azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide by decomposition, and a water-soluble binder is preferably used in the present invention. It is particularly preferred that they be used. Further, the preferable ratio (weight) of each component of the water-decomposable composition particles is, when the composition is 100, a solid powder of 30 to 99, more preferably 50 to 90, and an azide compound of 1 to 40, more preferably. Is 5 to 30 and the water-soluble binder is 0.1 to 30, more preferably 2 to 20. The composition particles are preferably used as a soil treatment agent for controlling soil-borne virus diseases.

When the solid powder is less than 30% by weight,
Since the amount of the azide compound is relatively large, the time for all the azide compounds to be hydrolyzed is undesirably long,
On the other hand, when it is more than 99% by weight, the ratio of the azide compound becomes relatively small, and it becomes impossible to obtain a high concentration of hydrogen azide necessary for showing the effect of controlling soil microorganisms. If the amount of the azide compound is less than 1% by weight, the effect of controlling soil microorganisms is inferior, and if the amount of the azide compound is more than 40% by weight, undecomposed azide compound may remain in the soil and cause chemical damage. When the amount of the water-soluble binder is less than 0.1% by weight or more than 30% by weight, a good molded product required for uniform application cannot be obtained, and the azide compound does not work effectively in the soil.

The soil treatment agent for controlling soil-borne virus diseases has an average particle size of 100 μm to 2,000 μm.
It is preferable that the soil treatment agent has a granular shape. The average particle size of the particles as the soil treatment agent is 300
The range of μm to 1,000 μm is more preferable. When the average particle size is smaller than 100 μm, the soil treatment agent is liable to be scattered during spraying, the application rate to a target site varies, and the risk of exposure to workers increases. Meanwhile, 2,000
If it is larger than 0 μm, the spraying effect becomes uneven, there is a portion where the controlling effect is insufficient locally, and there is a risk that hydrogen azide may remain and cause chemical damage, which is not preferable.

The soil treatment agent of the present invention is 100 μm as described above.
It is preferably a granular material having an average particle diameter of m to 2,000 μm, but it is desirable that the particle size distribution is not so wide, and it is effective that it is sharp. The soil treatment agent of the present invention has a particle size of 300 μm or less and a particle size of 1,
It is preferred that the total weight of particles greater than or equal to 500 μm is 20% or less, preferably 15% or less, based on the total weight of all particles. Thus, if the total amount of particles having a particle size of less than 300 μm and particles having a particle size of more than 1,500 μm exceeds 20%, the spraying effect of the particles is not uniform, and there are some areas where the control effect is insufficient locally. It is not desirable because it is present, and the control activity is difficult to control throughout, and in some cases, residual activity may be a problem.

The average particle size of the solid powder constituting the granular material of the soil treatment agent of the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 μm to 100 μm, more preferably in the range of 40 μm to 80 μm. If the average particle size of the solid powder is out of the above range, it is difficult to achieve the object of the present invention. The method for producing the soil treatment agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, a solid powder, a mixture of an azide compound, and a binder dissolved in an organic solvent, kneaded with a kneader, extrusion molding or compression molding. Granulation method, or a mixture of a solid powder and an azide compound and a binder dissolved in water are kneaded in a kneader and extruded or compression-molded to granulate, which is then dried to remove moisture. A method of removing is used.

The organic solvent used in this production method is preferably one that is inactive to the azide compound and that dissolves the binder, for example, alcohols such as ethanol and butanol, and ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. And aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene.

The soil treatment agent of the present invention is a granular material in which a solid azide compound and a solid powder are bound by a binder, and the azide compound is not decomposed in the air atmosphere, and the storage stability is good, and moreover in the soil. Shows that the azide compound is hydrolyzed by the water content in the soil, and it has an excellent effect in controlling soil-borne viral diseases.

On the other hand, as a composition containing an azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide by decomposition, an aqueous solution of the azide compound can also be preferably used. When an aqueous solution of an azide compound is used, the concentration of the azide compound is 5-4.
A range of 0% by weight is preferred. If the amount is less than 5% by weight, the amount of water becomes unnecessarily large, and the azide compound becomes difficult to diffuse.
Exceeding the weight percentage results in dispersion during application, and the control effect is insufficient, which is not preferable.

The aqueous solution of the azide compound is stable under neutral and alkaline conditions, but when it is made acidic, the azide compound is easily decomposed. That is, the aqueous solution of the azide compound is suitably neutral or alkaline, and the pH is suitably in the range of 7 to 12, preferably 7 to 11. When this aqueous solution of an azide compound is sprayed into soil, the acid compound immediately decomposes the acid compound in the acidic soil. On the other hand, for neutral or alkaline soil, it is effective to acid treat the soil or to spray a decomposing agent for the azide compound.

As a method for applying the soil treatment agent of the present invention,
Any method of directly and evenly sowing the soil, such as manual sowing or a granulator, may be used. Also, in these spraying processes,
The soil sprinkled with the composition containing the azide compound may be left as it is, but it is advantageous to cover it with a sheet. The coating period is 3 to 10 after spraying.
A day range is preferred. By coating, the hydrogen azide generated by the decomposition of the azide compound does not volatilize into the air, and the sprayed amount directly acts on the soil microorganisms, so that it is preferably used.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned spraying treatment is carried out using a composition containing an azide compound in an amount of 1
A method for growing useful plants is used, in which an amount of at least 1 kg, preferably 3 kg, and particularly preferably 5 kg per 0 a is applied. If the amount of the azide compound is less than 1 kg / 10a, it is not preferable because it has little effect on soil microorganisms. The upper limit of the amount of the azide compound sprayed is not particularly limited, but 100 kg / 10a or less, preferably 50 because the chemical damage is likely to occur.
A spraying amount of less than kg / 10a is suitable.

In addition, in the spraying treatment, the product (A) of the amount of the azide compound (Akg / 10a) and the treatment period (B day) is applied.
A method for growing useful plants in which xB) is in the range of 10 to 300, preferably 30 to 250, and more preferably 50 to 200 is advantageously adopted. When A × B is less than 10, the effect on soil microorganisms is small, and when it exceeds 300, chemical damage is likely to occur or the treatment period is long, which is not preferable.

Here, the treatment period is a period during which sterilization treatment is substantially performed, and specifically, in the case of covering treatment, it means a covering treatment period from spraying to peeling and plowing. . On the other hand, when the treatment is performed without covering after spraying, it means a period from spraying to tillage.

In these spraying treatments, the content of the azide compound in the composition is preferably from 1 to 40% by weight, and if it is less than 1% by weight, the dosage per 10a becomes unnecessarily large. When the content is 40% by weight or more, the dosage as the soil treatment agent is reduced, and the dispersion is apt to occur, which is not preferable.

In the present invention, when planting or sowing seedlings of useful plants after spraying, the timing generally depends on the spray amount of the azide compound. That is, since the larger the sprayed amount is, the higher the risk of causing chemical damage, so it is necessary to extend the period from the removal of the coating to the planting or sowing. For example, when the application amount of the azide compound is 10 kg / 10a, the period is about 10 days, and when the application amount of the azide compound is 5 kg / 10a, the period is about 5 days. Further, when it is required to plant or sow seedlings of useful plants early after spraying, detoxification treatment can be performed to prevent chemical damage. As the detoxification treatment, spraying of an azide compound and a compound that accelerates the decomposition of hydrogen azide produced therefrom is recommended.

In the method for growing useful plants of the present invention, among soil microorganisms that mediate soil-borne viruses, the bactericidal effect of hydrogen azide is particularly excellent against Orpidium spp. Soil-borne viruses mediated by such Orpidium spp. Are, for example, melon necrotic spot virus (infected plant; melon), tobacco necrosis virus (infected plant; strawberry), tobacco necrosis satellite virus (infected plant; strawberry), lettuce big. Examples include bain virus (infected plant; lettuce) and pea stem necrosis virus (infected plant; pea). Therefore, in the method for growing useful plants of the present invention,
Preferred useful plants include strawberries, lettuce, peas or melons.

[0029]

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 (Preparation of soil treatment agent containing sodium azide) To 100 parts of sodium azide (manufactured by Toyo Kasei Co., Ltd.), 850 parts of talc (manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.) were added, mixed and kneaded. The mixture was placed in Fuji Powdal DHJ-10, and a solution prepared by dissolving 50 parts of polyethylene glycol (weight average molecular weight 7,500, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in 200 parts of water was added thereto. Kneaded together. Next, the extruder was extruded with an extrusion granulator (DG-L1 type, manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) equipped with a screen having a hole diameter of 0.8 mm.
(J-230 type) to obtain granules having an average particle size of 1,000 μm. The granules were dried with a drier (Fluidizer 2F type manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) to obtain 1,000 g of granules containing 10% by weight of sodium azide.

Example 2 A root of a melon contaminated with a melon necrotic spot virus mediated by Orpidium spp. Was cut into a vinyl house soil and mixed to prepare a contaminated soil. The granules formulated in Example 1 were mixed with this soil at a ratio of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 kg as the amount of sodium azide per 10a, and coating treatment was carried out for 10 days. Then peel off the coating,
After cultivating, 10 days after the cultivation, the ridges were raised and 10 melon seedlings were planted. Table 1 shows the number of healthy strains at the harvest time.

[0031]

[Table 1]

Example 3 An open field contaminated with pea stem nematode virus mediated by Orpidium spp. Was divided into test areas of about 2 m ² and the granules formulated in Example 1 were added with 10 g of sodium azide per 10 a. As 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 kg
And mixed for 7 days. After that, the coating was removed, degassing tilling was performed, and 10 peas seeds were sown each with a degassing period of 10 days.
Table 2 shows the number of healthy plants at the flowering time.

[0033]

[Table 2]

[0034]

Industrial Applicability The method for growing useful plants for controlling diseases caused by soil-borne viruses mediated by soil microorganisms by using the composition containing an azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide by decomposition according to the present invention is as follows. It is an excellent method for growing useful plants, and its effect is exceptional.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. When growing a useful plant, a composition containing an azide compound capable of generating hydrogen azide upon decomposition is used, and there is a possibility that a soil microorganism that mediates a soil-borne virus is inhabited or there is a fear of that. A method for growing a useful plant, which comprises spraying an amount of the microorganism effective in sterilizing a certain soil, and planting or sowing seedlings of the useful plant in the spray-treated soil to grow. 2. The method for growing a useful plant according to claim 1, wherein said spraying treatment is performed by spraying said composition in an amount of at least 1 kg per 10a as an amount of said azide compound. 3. The spraying treatment is performed by multiplying the product of the amount of sprayed azide compound (Akg / 10a) and the treatment period (B days) (A ×
The method for growing useful plants according to claim 1, wherein B) is in the range of 10 to 300. 4. The method for growing a useful plant according to claim 1, wherein the soil microorganism that mediates a soil-borne virus is an Orpidium sp. 5. The method for growing a useful plant according to claim 1, wherein the useful plant is a plant which is damaged by the influence of a genus Orpidium that mediates a soil-borne virus. 6. The method for growing a useful plant according to claim 1, wherein the useful plant is strawberry, lettuce, pea or melon. 7. A solid powder 30-99, azide compound 1-40 capable of generating hydrogen azide by decomposition, and a water-soluble binder 0.1-3 when the composition is 100 by weight.
A soil treatment agent for controlling soil-borne virus diseases, which comprises particles of a composition substantially consisting of 0. 8. The soil treating agent for controlling a soil-borne virus disease according to claim 7, wherein the soil-borne virus disease is a disease caused by the influence of a bacterium belonging to the genus Orpidium that mediates a soil-borne virus. 9. The average particle size of the particles is from 100 μm to 2.0.
The soil treatment agent for controlling a soil-borne viral disease according to claim 7, which has a range of 00 μm.