JP2012531048A - 半導体光検出構造体 - Google Patents
半導体光検出構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】 基板ドーピングでドープされた基板を有する半導体が開示される。基板の前側上に配置された結晶半導体層がある。結晶半導体層は、層ドーピングを有する。基板ドーピングは、100オングストロームの遷移領域内で層ドーピングに移行する。代替的な実施形態において、層ドーピングは、新規なプロファイルを有する。他の代替的な実施形態においては、基板は、基板の前側及び裏側の各々の上に配置された結晶半導体層を有する。結晶半導体層の各々は、それぞれの層ドーピングを有し、これらの層ドーピングの各々は、100オングストローム厚よりも薄いそれぞれの遷移領域内で基板ドーピングに移行する。本発明のさらに他の実施形態においては、アモルファス・シリコン層が、基板とは反対側の結晶半導体層の側上に配置される。アモルファス・シリコン層は、アモルファス・ドーピングを有するので、トンネル接合が、ドープ結晶半導体層とアモルファス層との間に形成される。これらの構造体を摂氏700度より低い温度で製造することにより、構造体の狭い遷移領域が可能になる。
【選択図】 図3
Description
太陽電池は、世界のエネルギー供給を強化するための非常に有望な方法である。シリコン・ベースの太陽電池は、現在のところ主要な光起電技術である。シリコン太陽電池は、単結晶領域又は多重結晶(多結晶)領域で構成することができる半導体ウェハから出発して作製することができる。これらのセルは、正の導電性の領域(P−領域)と負の導電性の領域(N−領域)とを有することからそのように呼ばれるP−N接合から成る。これらのセルはまた、上面から反射される光の量を最小限にするための、反射防止コーティング(AR)と呼ばれる光学コーティングと、表面再結合によって失われる光電流の量を最小にするために必要な不動態化(パッシベーション)層とを有する。P−領域及びN−領域上の金属電極が、露光時に結果として生じる電流及び電圧を収集するために用いられる。露光される太陽電池の側面上の接合は、一般に、エミッタ接合と呼ばれる。デバイスの性能を向上させるために、例えば、「裏面電界(back surface field)」として知られる異なる量のドーピングから成る裏面(非露出面)におけるP/P接合、前面電界を発生させるための露出面における傾斜ドーピング・プロファイル、及びARコーティングに加えて光をほとんど反射しないように露出面を粗くするための露出面の「テクスチャリング」などの他の装飾が用いられることが多い。
本発明の1つの態様は、低コストの半導体光デバイスである。
105、805:基板
107:基板ドーピング
110、310:成長領域
115、315:ドーピング・レベル(ドーパント、層ドーピング)
125、325:界面
126:前面
130、330、340:遷移領域
140:表面
150、160、162、164、166:ドーピング・プロファイル(ドーパント・プロファイル)
300、400:シリコン・セル構造体(低温セル)
326:裏面
350、355、380:電極
360、465:不動態化層
370:AR(反射防止)コーティング
390:シリコン表面
500:プロセス
600:低温処理プロセス
800:タンデム接合結晶シリコン/アモルファス・シリコン・デバイス
810:再結晶領域
820:領域
830:トンネル接合
Claims (26)
- 基板ドーピングを有する半導体基板と、
前面界面における前記半導体基板の前面上に配置された、層ドーピングを有するドープ結晶半導体層であって、前記基板ドーピングは100オングストロームの遷移領域内で前記層ドーピングに移行する、前記ドープ結晶半導体層と、
を含む半導体構造体。 - 前記層ドーピングはドーピング・プロファイルを有する、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ドーピング・プロファイルは、次の、一定のプロファイル、傾斜プロファイル、階段状プロファイルのうちのいずれか1つ又は複数である、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ドーピング・プロファイルは、1又は複数の厚さを有する階段状プロファイルであり、各々の厚さは厚さドーピングを有する、請求項2に記載の構造体。
- 前記基板は、次の材料、即ち、シリコン、シリコン・オン・ガラス、シリコン・オン・サファイア、シリコン・オン石英、シリコン・オン金属、シリコン・オン・グラファイト、シリコン・オン・セラミック、シリコンとゲルマニウムとの化合物、金属級シリコン、太陽電池級シリコン、ゲルマニウム、ゲルマニウム・オン・ガラス、ゲルマニウム・オン・サファイア、ゲルマニウム・オン石英、ゲルマニウム・オン金属、ゲルマニウム・オン・グラファイト、ゲルマニウム・オン・セラミック、ガラス、金属、セラミック、グラファイト及びプラスチックのうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ドープ結晶半導体層は、次の材料、即ち、シリコン、ゲルマニウム、シリコンとゲルマニウムとの化合物、及びシリコンと炭素との化合物のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ドープ結晶半導体層は単結晶層である、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ドープ結晶半導体層は多結晶層である、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前面基板側及び裏面基板側を有する、基板ドーピングを有する半導体基板と、
前記前面基板側の前面界面において前記半導体基板上に配置された、前面層ドーピングを有する前面ドープ結晶半導体層であって、前記基板ドーピングは100オングストロームの前記前面界面内で前記前面層ドーピングに移行し、前記前面ドープ結晶半導体層の厚さにわたって所望のドーピング・プロファイルがある、前記前面ドープ結晶半導体層と、
前記裏面基板側の裏面界面において前記半導体基板上に配置された、裏面層ドーピングを有する裏面ドープ結晶半導体層であって、前記基板ドーピングは100オングストロームの前記裏面界面内で前記裏面層ドーピングに移行する、前記裏面ドープ結晶半導体層と、
を含む半導体構造体。 - 前記基板は、次の材料、即ち、シリコン、シリコン・オン・ガラス、シリコン・オン・サファイア、シリコン・オン石英、シリコン・オン金属、シリコン・オン・グラファイト、シリコン・オン・セラミック、シリコンとゲルマニウムとの化合物、金属級シリコン、太陽電池級シリコン、ゲルマニウム、ゲルマニウム・オン・ガラス、ゲルマニウム・オン・サファイア、ゲルマニウム・オン石英、ゲルマニウム・オン金属、ゲルマニウム・オン・グラファイト、ゲルマニウム・オン・セラミック、ガラス、金属、セラミック、グラファイト及びプラスチックの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項9に記載の構造体。
- 前記前面ドープ結晶半導体層は、次の材料、即ち、シリコン、ゲルマニウム、シリコンとゲルマニウムとの化合物、及びシリコンと炭素との化合物のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項9に記載の構造体。
- 前記裏面ドープ結晶半導体層は、次の材料、即ち、シリコン、ゲルマニウム、シリコンとゲルマニウムとの化合物、及びシリコンと炭素との化合物のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項9に記載の構造体。
- 前記裏面界面とは反対側の、前記裏面ドープ結晶半導体層の底面側上の裏面コンタクト電極と、前記前面ドープ結晶半導体層の前記前面界面とは反対側の上側上の前面コンタクトとをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の構造体。
- 前記前面ドープ結晶半導体層上に配置された前面不動態化層をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の構造体。
- 前記前面不動態化層の上に配置された反射防止コーティングをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の構造体。
- 前記裏面ドープ結晶半導体層上に配置された反射コーティングをさらに含む、請求項13に記載の構造体。
- 前記裏面コンタクト電極はパターン形成される、請求項13に記載の構造体。
- 裏面不動態化層が前記裏面ドープ結晶半導体層上にあり、前記裏面コンタクト電極は、前記裏面不動態化層を貫通して、前記裏面ドープ結晶半導体層に電気的に接触する、請求項17に記載の構造体。
- 前記裏面コンタクト電極は光を後方反射する、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 前記前面ドープ結晶半導体層は、単結晶層及び多結晶層のうちの1つである、請求項9に記載の構造体。
- 前記裏面ドープ結晶半導体層は、単結晶層及び多結晶層のうちの1つである、請求項9に記載の構造体。
- 前記ドープ結晶半導体層の粒径は1ミクロンより大きい、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記基板とは反対側の、前記ドープ結晶半導体層のアモルファス側上の前記ドープ結晶半導体層の上に配置されたアモルファス・シリコン層をさらに含み、前記アモルファス・シリコン層はアモルファス・ドーピングを有し、前記層ドーピング及び前記アモルファス・ドーピングは、前記ドープ結晶半導体層と前記アモルファス層との間にトンネル接合が形成されるようなレベルにある、請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 前記ドープ結晶半導体層の粒径は1ミクロンよりも大きい、請求項23に記載の構造体。
- 前記アモルファス・シリコン層の粒径は1ミクロンよりも大きい、請求項23に記載の構造体。
- 基板ドーピングを有する半導体基板手段と、
前面界面における前記半導体基板の前面上に配置された、層ドーピングを有するドープ結晶半導体層手段であって、前記基板ドーピングは100オングストロームの遷移領域内で前記層ドーピングに移行する、層ドーピングを有するドープ結晶半導体層手段と、
を含む半導体構造体。
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