JP2012527456A - ポリグアニジニウム化合物を含有する口腔用組成物及び製造の方法並びにその使用 - Google Patents
ポリグアニジニウム化合物を含有する口腔用組成物及び製造の方法並びにその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012527456A JP2012527456A JP2012511793A JP2012511793A JP2012527456A JP 2012527456 A JP2012527456 A JP 2012527456A JP 2012511793 A JP2012511793 A JP 2012511793A JP 2012511793 A JP2012511793 A JP 2012511793A JP 2012527456 A JP2012527456 A JP 2012527456A
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- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- oral
- composition
- present
- polyguanidine
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
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- CTPQAXVNYGZUAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Inositol pentaphosphate Natural products OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O CTPQAXVNYGZUAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
[0006]もう一つの態様において、本発明は、ポリグアニジン化合物を含み、口腔的に受容可能な担体中に分布された対イオンを含む口腔用組成物を調製するための方法を包含する。
[0021]本発明は、その抗細菌性、抗齲歯性、及び/又は粘膜付着特性のために有用である、少なくとも一つのポリグアニジン化合物又はその塩を含むオーラルケア組成物を包含する。本発明に含まれるポリグアニジン化合物又はその塩は、口腔表面への治療剤及び対イオンの沈積を可能にし、抗細菌剤として作用して、細菌種の増殖を組成物の使用後長期に阻害し、そして高いpHを維持し、そして再石灰化を促進する。幾つかの態様において、本発明のポリグアニジン組成物は:少なくとも一つのポリカチオン種、少なくとも一つの対イオン種、及び少なくとも一つの口腔的に受容可能な担体を含む。
[0023]本発明は、少なくとも一つのポリグアニジニウム化合物を含む口腔用組成物を包含する。本明細書中で使用する場合、用語“ポリグアニジン”又は“ポリグアニジニウム”は、互換的に使用され、そして以下の式(I):
[0024]式中:
[0025]R1は、ZがCHである場合、水素、水酸化物、メトキシド、及び直鎖又は分枝鎖の、飽和又は不飽和の、所望によりヒドロキシル化されたC1ないしC16アルキル基であり、或いはZがNである場合、水素及び直鎖又は分枝鎖の、飽和又は不飽和の、所望によりヒドロキシル化されたC1ないしC16アルキルであり;
[0026]R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立に水素、或いは直鎖又は分枝鎖の、飽和又は不飽和の所望によりヒドロキシル化されたC1ないしC16アルキル基であり;
[0027]Aは、共有結合であるか、或いは直鎖又は分枝鎖の、飽和又は不飽和の、所望によりヒドロキシル化されたC1ないしC16アルキル基であり;
[0028]Zは、CH又はNであり;
[0029]X−は、対イオン(counter ion)、例えば、重炭酸又は塩化物であり;そして
[0030]nは、2及び5,000間の整数である。
[0035]ある態様において、ポリグアニジニウム化合物は、以下の式:
[0036]幾つかの態様において、ポリグアニジン化合物は、抗細菌特性を有する。一つの態様において、ポリグアニジン化合物の抗細菌活性は、強力に塩基性のカチオン性構造−クロルヘキサジンに類似の存在による。理論によって制約されるものではないが、作用の機構は、唾液のタンパク質中に見出される酸性基に強力に引付けられた正の電荷による。結果として、これは、口腔空洞中の薄皮及び軟質組織に強力に結合し、ここにこれは、数時間にわたって存在する。従って、ポリグアニジニウム塩は、負に荷電した細菌の壁への付着、そしてその後の、薄皮及び歯肉への細菌性プラークの付着のために必要なCa2+塩架橋の破壊により、口腔空洞中の細菌の増殖を阻害する。一つの態様において、本発明のポリグアニジン化合物は、負に荷電した細菌細胞の壁に対するその親和性により、一般的な抗菌活性を有するポリカチオンである。一つの態様において、この反対に荷電した相互作用は、細菌性プラークの付着又は細菌細胞の死の阻害を導くことができる、細菌膜との会合及び破壊を起こす。
[0040]幾つかの態様において、本発明のオーラルケア組成物は、少なくとも一つの対イオン種を含む。幾つかの態様において、対イオンの供給源は:抗細菌剤、抗齲歯性薬剤、及び酸中和性化合物からなる群から選択される。幾つかの態様において、本発明の口腔用組成物は:炭酸及びリン酸からなる群から選択される対イオンを組み込んでいる。幾つかの態様において、対イオン種は炭酸である。幾つかの態様において、対イオン種は重炭酸である。幾つかの態様において、対イオンはリン酸である。幾つかの態様において、対イオン種は塩化物である。
[0045]受容可能な口腔用担体は、デンタルケア製品、食物製品、及びチューインガムのようないずれもの慣用的な口腔供給系を含む。デンタルケア産物の例は、制約されるものではないが、歯磨剤、局所用溶液又はペースト、液体の形態のマウスウオッシュ又は噴霧剤或いはスラリー、粉末、ゲル又は錠剤、及びデンタルフロスを含む得る。本明細書中に記載される口腔用組成物を含有することができる食品産物の例は、制約されるものではないが、ロゼンジ及び菓子を含み得る。
[0049]幾つかの態様において、本発明のポリグアニジン組成物は、更に少なくとも一つの賦形剤を含むことができる。賦形剤は、本発明において使用するために適したいずれもの化学基又は化合物の群から選択することができる。
[0055]ある態様において、本発明は、歯磨剤の処方において慣用的に使用されるいずれかの他の添加剤を含んでもよい。いずれかの適した量又は形態の、いずれかの適した添加剤を使用することができる。本発明における使用のために適した添加剤は、制約されるものではないが:界面活性剤、カルシウム塩を含む脱感作剤、フッ素源、ホワイトニング剤、歯石制御剤、抗細菌剤、シリカを含む研磨剤、結合剤及び増粘剤、洗浄剤、接着剤、発泡調節剤、pH調節剤、口内感触剤、甘味剤、芳香剤、着色剤、保存剤、これらの組合せ、等を含む。これらの添加剤が、所望による成分であり、そして本発明の自動皿洗い組成物から、個別に又は一括して除外することができることは理解されることである。それぞれの上記の物質の分類の一般的特質は異なっているが、幾つかの共通の特質が存在し、そしていずれもの与えられた物質は、二つ又はそれより多いこのような分類の物質の多数の目的を果たすことができることも更に理解されることである。
[0057]本発明において使用するために適した界面活性剤は、制約されるものではないが:当業者にとって既知の、アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、両性電解質界面活性剤、双性イオン性界面活性剤、及びこれらの混合物を含む。適した界面活性剤は、所望により界面活性剤系であってもよい、いずれかの適した量又は形態で加えることができ、そして制約されるものではないが、清浄性及び/又は発泡特性を含むいずれもの所望の特性を得るために加えることができる。適した界面活性剤は、アニオン性、カチオン性、非イオン性及び両性界面活性剤を含むことができる。
[0061]幾つかの態様において、本発明の組成物は、本明細書中で詳細に記載される生理活性ガラス及び/又はカリウム塩の効力を妨害しないように処方された、歯石制御(抗歯石)剤を所望により含んでもよい。本明細書中で有用な歯石制御剤は、いずれかのこれらの薬剤の塩、例えばそのアルカリ金属及びアンモニウム塩:リン酸塩及びポリリン酸塩(例えばピロリン酸塩)、ポリアミノプロパンスルホン酸(AMPS)、ポリオレフィンスルホン酸塩、ポリオレフィンリン酸塩、アザシクロアルカン−2,2−ジホスホン酸塩(例えば、アザシクロヘプタン−2,2−ジホスホン酸)、N−メチルアザシクロ−ペンタン−2,3−ジホスホン酸、エタン−1−ヒドロキシ−1,1−ジホスホン酸(EHDP)及びエタン−1−アミノ−1,1−ジホスホン酸塩、ホスホノアルカンカルボン酸及びのようなジホスホン酸塩を含む。有用な無機リン酸及びポリリン酸塩は、一塩基性、二塩基性及び三塩基性リン酸ナトリウム、トリポリリン酸、テトラポリリン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸一、二、三及び四ナトリウム、トリメタリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム及びこれらの混合物を含む。
[0063]本発明において使用するために適したフッ化物源は、生理活性ガラスの効力を妨害しないように処方された、いずれかの口腔的に受容可能な粒状化されたフッ化物イオン含有薬剤を含んでもよく、そしてこれは、例えば抗齲歯性薬剤として有用であり得る。適したフッ素源は、制約されるものではないが:アルカリ金属フッ化物を含むイオン性フッ化物;オラフルール(N’−オクタデシルトリメチレンジアミン−N,N,N’−トリス(2−エタノール)−ジヒドロフルオライド)のようなアミンフッ化物;フッ化スズ;フッ化インジューム;並びにカリウム、ナトリウムのようなアルカリ金属モノフルオロリン酸塩並びにアンモニウムフッ化物及びモノフルオロリン酸塩を含むイオン性モノフルオロリン酸塩を含み得る。
[0066]本発明において使用するために適したホワイトニング剤は、口腔空洞中で使用するために適したいずれかの治療的に有効な薬剤を含んでもよい。適したホワイトニング剤は、制約されるものではないが:二酸化チタン、過酸化水素、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、等を含む。一つの態様において、本発明の歯磨剤組成物は、更にホワイトニング剤を含む。一つの態様において、本発明の組成物は、更に二酸化チタンを含む。一つの態様において、二酸化チタンを適当なレベルで含むことができる。
[0068]本発明において使用するために適した研磨剤は、生理活性ガラスの効力を妨害しないように処方された、いずれかの口腔的に受容可能な粒状化された薬剤を含んでもよい。本発明において使用するための適した研磨剤は、制約されるものではないが:シリカ、オルトリン酸亜鉛、重炭酸ナトリウム(重曹)、プラスチック粒子、アルミナ、水和アルミナ、炭酸カルシウム、ピロリン酸カルシウム、及びこれらの混合物を含み得る。シリカ研磨剤は、珪藻土を含む天然の非晶質シリカ;又は沈降シリカのような合成非晶質シリカ;又はシリカキセロゲルのような、シリカゲル;或いはこれらの混合物であってもよい。
[0071]本発明において使用するために適した口内感触剤は、歯磨剤組成物の使用中に所望の質感又は他の感触を与える、いずれかの口腔的に受容可能な物質を、いずれかの形態又は量で含んでもよい。適した口内感触剤は、制約されるものではないが:分散性芳香剤、甘味剤、唾液刺激剤、等を含み得る。
[0076]本発明の閉塞剤は、制約されるものではないが、生理活性ガラス、アルギニン/炭酸カルシウム、重炭酸アルギニン/炭酸カルシウム、及び細粒シリカ又は組合せを含む。本明細書中で使用する場合、用語“閉塞剤”は、歯又は歯の表面の再石灰化を援助するいずれもの薬剤、或いは歯の表面上及びその内部に化合物を沈積し、そして歯の組織に適用された場合、歯の脆弱性を予防及び/又は修復する薬剤を指す。例えば、非晶質リン酸カルシウム、非晶質フッ化リン酸カルシウム及び非晶質リン酸炭酸カルシウムを含む非晶質カルシウム化合物のような歯の再石灰化において使用するための生理活性ガラス。本発明の閉塞剤は、歯の組織に適用された場合、歯の脆弱性を予防及び/又は修復する。
[0078]本発明の組成物は、一般的に一つ又はそれより多い生体受容可能(bioacceptable)生理活性ガラスを含む。
[0093]ある態様において、閉塞剤は、アミノ酸複合体である重炭酸アルギニン及び炭酸カルシウムの粒子を含む。ある態様において、重炭酸アルギニン/炭酸カルシウムは、研磨剤である。ある態様において、重炭酸アルギニン/炭酸カルシウム複合体は、粒子の接続をさらに向上するアルカリ性環境を作る。
[0097]ある態様において、閉塞剤は、シリカを含み、ある態様において細粒シリカを含む。近年歯科の分野で広く使用されている複合修復物質は、以下の特質を有することが要求されている。ある態様において、細粒シリカは、0.01μmないし100μm、0.1μmないし50μm、1μmないし10μm、及び5μmの平均の粒子の大きさを有する、又はこれらの組合せの超微粒子を含む。
[00101]幾つかの態様において、本発明の組成物は、口腔空洞中の硬質又は軟質組織の症状又は疾患の予防或いは治療、或いは生理学的疾患又は症状の予防又は治療のために使用可能な他の活性物質を所望により含んでもよい。幾つかの態様において、活性物質は、全体的に又は部分的に口腔空洞の疾患ではない疾患を治療又は予防するために使用可能である“全身性活性物質”である。幾つかの態様において、活性物質は、口腔空洞内の疾患を治療又は予防する、或いは美容上の利益を得るために使用可能な“オーラルケア活性物質”である(例えば口腔空洞の歯、歯肉或いは他の硬質又は軟質組織への)。本明細書中で有用なオーラルケア活性物質は、ホワイトニング剤、抗齲歯剤、歯石制御剤、抗プラーク剤、歯周部活性物質、研磨剤、口臭消臭剤、歯減感剤、唾液刺激剤、及びこれらの組合せを含む。
[00107]ポリグアニジン化合物の合成は、当業者にとって既知のいずれもの手段によるポリアミンの改変によって達成し得る。第一アミン部分のグアニジニウム基への転換は、温和な水性の条件下で高効率で達成し得る。幾つかの態様において、本発明の口腔用組成物を調製するための方法は、まずスキーム1に示すような少なくとも一つの第一アミンを含有するポリマーを選択することを含む。
[00111]本発明は、更に歯周病及び齲歯を予防又は治療するための方法を包含し、これは、治療的に有効な量のポリグアニジン化合物を含有する口腔用組成物を供給することを含む。本明細書中で使用する場合、本発明によって定義されるとおりの口腔用組成物の治療的に有効な量は、歯周病及び齲歯を予防又は治療することが可能な口腔用組成物の量である。幾つかの態様において、治療的に有効な量は、炭水化物の代謝の結果として歯垢によって産生される酸を減少又は中和することが可能な量である。幾つかの態様において、治療的に有効な量は、質量作用又は好ましい再石灰化によって歯の可溶化を抑制するカルシウムを提供することによって、歯のエナメル質、象牙質及びセメント質の脱石灰化を減少することが可能な量である。幾つかの態様において、本発明の口腔用組成物は、脱灰又は他の歯のエナメル質を損傷することなく口腔的に適用することができる。
[00115]本発明の例示的態様は、一つ又はそれより多い閉塞剤及び一つ又はそれより多いカリウム塩を含む単一チューブの練り歯磨きを包含する。一つの例示的態様において、より早い軽減を供給するために、急速閉塞剤、例えば、生理活性及び生体受容可能ガラス(例えば、Novamin)をカリウムと組合せた単一チューブ技術で製造する。カリウムを伴う非水性の生理活性及び生体受容可能ガラス処方が、有意なin vitroの閉塞を提供することが見いだされた。
[00122]10%Novamin/3.75%KCL/CMC。
[00123]5%Novamin/3.75%KCL/9%AC43/CMC。
[00125]以下の表1に例示したものは、慣用的な非閉塞性シリカ練り歯磨きの対照に対する10%Novaminの練り歯磨きのコンダクタンスのデータであり、そして共焦点レーザー顕微鏡の画像は、Novaminの用量反応及びAC43シリカの強化効果を示した。グラフによる結果の描写を図3に示す。
Claims (24)
- a.以下の式(I):
Xは、口腔的に受容可能な対イオンを示し;
Zは、CH又はNであり;
R1、R2、及びR3は、互いに独立に水素或いは直鎖又は分枝鎖の、飽和又は不飽和の、所望によりヒドロキシル化されていてもよいC1ないしC16アルキルラジカルであり;
Aは、直鎖又は分枝鎖の、飽和又は不飽和の、所望によりヒドロキシル化されていてもよいC1ないしC16アルキルラジカルを示すか;或いはAは、直鎖又は分枝鎖の、飽和又は不飽和の:ヒドロキシル、カルボキシル、若しくはカルボン酸ラジカル、又はハロゲンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つのラジカルで所望により置換されていてもよいC1ないしC16アルキレンラジカルを指し;前記アルキレンラジカルは:アミン、エーテル、チオエーテル、エステル、アミド、カルバミン酸基、尿素、又は、C1−C8アルキル、ヒドロキシル若しくはハロゲンで所望により置換されていてもよい、C6アリール又はC3ないしC8シクラニル(cyclanyl)環、からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの官能基を所望により含有していてもよく;或いはAは、非置換の、又はC1−C8アルキル、ヒドロキシル若しくはハロゲンで置換された、一つ又はそれより多いC6又はC7アリール或いはC5ないしC7シクラニル環を示すか;或いはAは:C1−C8アルキレンラジカル、アミン、アミド、エーテル、チオエーテル、水素原子、カルバミン酸基又は尿素からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの官能基で中断されていてもよいC10ないしC14ポリアリール又はC6ないしC10ポリシクラニル鎖を示し;
nは2及び5,000間の整数を示す;]
のポリグアニジン化合物;及び
b.口腔的に受容可能な担体;
を含んでなる口腔用組成物。 - 前記対イオンが、重炭酸(HCO3 −)である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 更にカルシウム塩を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記カルシウム塩が、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸一カルシウム、リン酸二カルシウム、リン酸三カルシウム、フッ化カルシウム、モノフルオロリン酸カルシウム、ピロリン酸カルシウムナトリウム、ラウリン酸カルシウム、パルミチン酸カルシウム、及びこれらの混合物である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記カルシウム塩が、炭酸カルシウムである、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 更にリン源を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リン源が:イノシトール三リン酸(IP3)、イノシトール四リン酸(IP4)、イノシトール五リン酸(IP5)、イノシトール六リン酸(IP6)、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されるフィチン酸基又はフィチン酸である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記口腔用組成物が、デンタルケア製品、食物製品、及びチューインガムである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- a.少なくとも一つの第一アミンを含有するポリマーを選択し;
b.前記ポリマー上の第一アミン部分をグアニジニウム基に転換し;そして
c.ポリグアニジン対イオン複合体を形成するための量及び条件下で対イオン溶液で滴定すること;
を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を調製するための方法。 - 前記第一アミンを含有するポリマーが、キトサン、ポリアリルアミン、ポリビニルアミン、ポリアミノアルキルアクリルアミド、ポリビニルイミダゾール、ポリアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリリシン、ポリオルニチン化合物、及びこれらの混合物である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記対イオン溶液が、重炭酸(HCO3 −)溶液である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリグアニジン対イオン複合体が、ポリグアニジン重炭酸複合体である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 更に、
d.前記ポリグアニジン対イオン複合体を、カルシウムポリグアニジン対イオン複合体を形成する量及び条件下でカルシウム源で滴定すること;
の工程を含んでなる、請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記複合体が、カルシウムポリグアニジン重炭酸複合体である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記カルシウム源が、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸一カルシウム、リン酸二カルシウム、リン酸三カルシウム、フッ化カルシウム、モノフルオロリン酸カルシウム、ピロリン酸カルシウムナトリウム、ラウリン酸カルシウム、パルミチン酸カルシウム、及びこれらの混合物である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記カルシウム源が、炭酸カルシウムである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、活性成分を口腔上皮組織を標的化する方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、ブラッシング又は洗浄後長期に維持する静細菌剤又は殺細菌性物質を、口腔表面に沈着する方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、齲歯を遅延または予防する方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、象牙質の過敏性を治療又は予防する方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、象牙質の細管を閉塞する方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、齲歯性病変を治療する方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、暴露した歯髄を石灰化する方法。
- 治療的に有効な量の請求項1に記載の口腔用組成物を口腔空洞に供給することを含んでなる、歯の基部、又は窪み若しくは亀裂の全てを石灰化する方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201106954A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
RU2011151628A (ru) | 2013-06-27 |
EP2432444B1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
BRPI0924734A2 (pt) | 2016-01-26 |
US20120045400A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
TWI522104B (zh) | 2016-02-21 |
CA2760130A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
JP5782429B2 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
WO2010134904A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
ZA201107847B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
AR076778A1 (es) | 2011-07-06 |
EP2432444A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
AU2009346357A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
CN102427795A (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
MY158777A (en) | 2016-11-15 |
SG175785A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
MX2011011486A (es) | 2011-11-18 |
CA2760130C (en) | 2016-11-08 |
AU2009346357B2 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
RU2505280C2 (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
TW201615199A (zh) | 2016-05-01 |
US8758729B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
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