JP2012513891A - 脱硫性吸着剤、調製方法、および、その使用方法 - Google Patents
脱硫性吸着剤、調製方法、および、その使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012513891A JP2012513891A JP2011543965A JP2011543965A JP2012513891A JP 2012513891 A JP2012513891 A JP 2012513891A JP 2011543965 A JP2011543965 A JP 2011543965A JP 2011543965 A JP2011543965 A JP 2011543965A JP 2012513891 A JP2012513891 A JP 2012513891A
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- group
- metal
- adsorbent
- weight
- oxide
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 65
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 143
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 43
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 32
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- -1 methane hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000004846 x-ray emission Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011959 amorphous silica alumina Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、分解ガソリンまたはディーゼル燃料の脱硫化に適した吸着剤組成物に関する。
車両燃料中の硫黄の燃焼によって生成される硫黄酸化物は、排気ガス用コンバータ内の貴金属系触媒の活性を阻害し、触媒を不可逆的に有害化する。その結果、排気ガスは未燃焼の非メタン系炭化水素、窒素酸化物、および、一酸化炭素を含み、これらはすべて、太陽光によって触媒作用を受けると容易に光化学スモッグを形成し、酸性雨を発生させる。一方で、空気中の硫黄酸化物は、酸性雨を発生させる主な原因の1つである。環境保護の意識の高まりおよび厳しくなる環境規制にともなって、ガソリンまたはディーゼル燃料中の硫黄含有量を削減することは、空気の質を改善するもっとも重要な施策の1つであると考えられている。
一態様において、本発明は、分解ガソリンまたはディーゼル燃料から硫黄を除去するための、優れた耐摩耗性および脱硫活性を有する吸着剤を提供する。
図1Aおよび図1Bは、検電器を用いた測定に基づく、本発明に係る吸着剤の金属の分布および先行技術の吸着剤の金属の分布を示す図である。
本発明に係る吸着剤は、吸着剤の総重量を基準にすると、
1)約5重量%〜約35重量%のアルミナと、
2)約3重量%〜約30重量%のシリカと、
3)約10重量%〜約80重量%の、第IIB族および第VB族から選択される金属の少なくとも1つの酸化物と、
4)約3重量%〜約30重量%の、第VIIB族および第VIII族から選択される少なくとも1つの金属製促進剤と、
5)約0.5重量%〜約10重量%の、第IA族および第IIA族から選択される金属の少なくとも1つの酸化物とを包含する。
本開示の実施形態については、上述の実施形態ならびに対応する文章および図面との関連において記載するが、これらの記載において開示を実施形態に限定する意図はない。実際にはこれとは逆に、すべての代替例、変形例、および、等価例をカバーすることを意図しているのであって、これらの各種の例は本開示の実施形態の意図および範囲から逸脱するものではない。
0.80kgの膨張パーライト(World Minerals Corporations社、M27;無水ベースであれば0.79kg;組成はシリカが72重量%、アルミナが19重量%、残量がK2O、MgO、Fe2O3などであった)と120gの無水炭酸ナトリウムとを1.5kgの水に添加して溶液を調製し、均質に混合した。そして、溶媒を蒸発させ、混合物を600℃で1時間か焼して、処理済み膨張パーライトを生成した。
0.92kgの膨張パーライト(World Minerals Corporations社、M27;無水ベースであれば0.91kg)と、0.49kgのカオリン(Suzhou Kaolin Factory社、S1;無水ベースであれば0.41kg)と、1.55kgのアルミナ水和物(SB powder社;無水ベースであれば1.05kg)と、9.0kgの中性化した水(pH値6〜8)とを攪拌しながら混合して、均質な混合物を生成した。次に、90gの濃硝酸(化学的に純粋な濃硫酸;Beijing Chemical Works社)を攪拌しながら混合物に添加し、混合物を60℃を超える温度にまで加熱して、混合物を1時間酸性化させた。混合物の温度が40℃未満にまで低下したときに、(3.1kgの純粋な酸化亜鉛を含有する)3.16kgの酸化亜鉛の粉末と、237gのギ酸カリウムとを混合物に添加した。混合および攪拌の1時間後に、スラリー状のキャリアが得られた。
0.65kgの珪藻土(World Minerals Corporations社;無水ベースであれば0.58kg;組成はシリカが86.7重量%、アルミナが7.5重量%、残量がCaO、Fe2O3などの不純物であった)と、0.3kgの炭酸水素ナトリウムとを1.0kgの水に添加して溶液を調製し、均質に混合した。そして、溶媒を蒸発させ、混合物を600℃で1時間か焼して、処理済み珪藻土を生成した。
0.80kgの膨張パーライト(World Minerals Corporations社、M27;無水ベースであれば0.79kg)と、0.71kgのカオリン(Suzhou Kaolin Factory社、S1;無水ベースであれば0.59kg;組成はアルミナが44重量%、シリカが50重量%、残量がCaO、Fe2O3、TiO2などであった)と、1.55kgのアルミナ水和物(SB powder社;無水ベースであれば1.05kg)と、9.0kgの中性化した水(pH値6〜8)とを攪拌しながら混合して、均質な混合物を生成した。次に、75gの濃硝酸(化学的に純粋な濃硫酸;Beijing Chemical Works社)を攪拌しながら混合物に添加し、混合物を60℃を超える温度にまで加熱して、混合物を1時間酸性化させた。混合物の温度が40℃未満にまで低下したときに、(3.43kgの純粋な酸化亜鉛を含有する)3.5kgの酸化亜鉛の粉末と、120gの無水炭酸ナトリウムとを混合物に添加した。混合および攪拌の1時間後に、スラリー状のキャリアが得られた。
0.80kgの膨張パーライト(World Minerals Corporations社、M27;無水ベースであれば0.79kg;組成はシリカが72重量%、アルミナが19重量%、残量がK2O、MgO、Fe2O3などであった)と、450gの硝酸マグネシウム六水和物とを1.5kgの水に添加して溶液を調製し、均質に混合した。そして、溶媒を蒸発させ、混合物を500℃で1時間か焼して、処理済み膨張パーライトを生成した。
92gの膨張パーライト(World Minerals Corporations社、M27;無水ベースであれば0.91g)と、0.49gのカオリン(Suzhou Kaolin Factory社、S1;無水ベースであれば0.41g)と、1.55kgのアルミナ水和物(SB powder社;無水ベースであれば1.05kg)と、9.0kgの中性化した水(pH値6〜8)とを攪拌しながら混合して、均質な混合物を生成した。次に、90gの濃硝酸(化学的に純粋な濃硫酸;Beijing Chemical Works社)を攪拌しながら混合物に添加し、混合物を60℃を超える温度にまで加熱して、混合物を1時間酸性化させた。混合物の温度が40℃未満にまで低下したときに、(3.1kgの純粋な酸化亜鉛を含有する)3.16kgの酸化亜鉛の粉末と、0.9kgの硝酸マグネシウム六水和物とを混合物に添加した。混合および攪拌の1時間後に、スラリー状のキャリアが得られた。
0.98kgの珪藻土(World Minerals Corporations社;無水ベースであれば0.88kg;組成はシリカが86.7重量%、アルミナが7.5重量%、残量がCaO、Fe2O3などの不純物であった)と、0.35kgの塩化カルシウム(結晶水を一切含まないとして算出)とを1.0kgの水に添加して溶液を調製し、均質に混合した。そして、溶媒を蒸発させ、混合物を700℃で1時間か焼して、処理済み珪藻土を生成した。
0.92kgの膨張パーライト(World Minerals Corporations社、M27;無水ベースであれば0.91kg;組成はシリカが72重量%、アルミナが19重量%、残量がK2O、MgO、Fe2O3などであった)と、900gの硝酸マグネシウム六水和物とを2.5kgの水に添加して溶液を調製し、均質に混合した。そして、溶媒を蒸発させ、混合物を500℃で1時間か焼して、処理済み膨張パーライトを生成した。
0.98kgの珪藻土(World Minerals Corporations社;無水ベースであれば0.88kg;組成はシリカが86.7重量%、アルミナが7.5重量%、残量がCaO、Fe2O3などの不純物であった)と、0.20kgの塩化カルシウム(結晶水を一切含まないとして算出)と、0.16kgの炭酸水素ナトリウムとを1.0kgの水に添加して溶液を調製し、均質に混合した。そして、溶媒を蒸発させ、混合物を700℃で1時間か焼して、処理済み珪藻土を生成した。
ナトリウム塩またはマグネシウム塩を一切添加しなかったことを除いて、実施例1、4、および、5と同様に実施した。
カリウム塩またはマグネシウム塩を一切添加しなかったことを除いて、実施例2、6、および、8と同様に実施した。
ナトリウム塩を一切添加しなかったことを除いて、実施例3と同様に実施した。
カルシウム塩および/またはナトリウム塩を一切添加しなかったことを除いて、実施例7および9と同様に実施した。
ナトリウム塩を含浸によって添加したことを除いて、実施例3と同様に実施した。
各種の方法によって吸着剤中に組み込まれたアルカリ金属の分布を電子顕微鏡で測定する。
各種方法で調製した吸着剤の耐摩耗性強度および脱硫特性をどちらも測定した結果を、表1に示す。吸着剤の強度は、「Petrochemical Analysis Method (RIPP experimentation)」に記載のRIPP 29−90の方法にしたがって、直管摩耗法(straight tube abrasion method)で測定した。数値が小さいほど、耐摩耗性強度は高い。産業分野での応用において吸着剤の活性をより良好に表すために、加硫した吸着剤の強度も評価した。具体的には、適切な量の吸着剤を、硫化水素(50体積%)と窒素(50体積%)との混合ガスを仕込んだ流動層内に設置し、400℃まで加熱して、1時間の加硫を実施した。
Claims (21)
- 吸着剤の総重量を基準にすると、
1)約5重量%〜約35重量%のアルミナと、
2)約3重量%〜約30重量%のシリカと、
3)約10重量%〜約80重量%の、第IIB族および第VB族から選択される金属の少なくとも1つの酸化物と、
4)約3重量%〜約30重量%の、第VIIB族および第VIII族から選択される少なくとも1つの金属製促進剤と、
5)約0.5重量%〜約10重量%の、第IA族および第IIA族から選択される金属の少なくとも1つの酸化物とを包含する、脱硫性吸着剤。 - 上記アルミナの量が約10重量%〜約25重量%の範囲にあり、
上記シリカの量が約10重量%〜約20重量%の範囲にあり、
上記第IIB族および第VB族から選択される金属の酸化物の量が約35重量%〜約65重量%の範囲にあり、
上記金属製促進剤の量が約8重量%〜約20重量%の範囲にあり、
上記第IA族および第IIA族から選択される金属の酸化物の量が約1重量%〜約5重量%の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。 - 上記第IIB族および第VB族から選択される金属の少なくとも1つの酸化物がバナジウムまたは亜鉛の酸化物である、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- 上記少なくとも1つの金属製促進剤が、コバルト、ニッケル、鉄、および、マンガンからなる群より選択される金属である、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- 上記第IIA族金属の酸化物がマグネシウムおよび/またはカルシウムの酸化物を包含し、
上記第IA族金属の酸化物がナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムの酸化物を包含する、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。 - 上記第IA族および第IIA族から選択される金属の酸化物が、吸着剤全体において一様な金属分布を有する、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- (1)水、酸、および、結合剤を混合して、あるいは、粘土、シリカ素材、および、第IA族金属の化合物/第IIA族金属の化合物から選択される少なくとも1つの物質とさらに混合してスラリーを生成し、このスラリーを熟成させて酸性化したスラリーを生成するステップと、
(2)この酸性化したスラリーを、第IIB族および第VB族から選択される金属の酸化物、ならびに、粘土、シリカ素材、および、第IA族金属の化合物/第IIA族金属の化合物から選択されるステップ(1)において添加されなかった物質と混合してキャリア混合物を生成するステップと、
(3)このキャリア混合物を成型、乾燥、および、か焼してキャリアを生成するステップと、
(4)第VIIB族および第VIII族から選択される金属製促進剤を包含する化合物を該キャリア上に導入し、このキャリアを乾燥およびか焼して吸着剤の前駆物質を生成するステップと、
(5)吸着剤の前駆物質を水素含有雰囲気下で還元して、大部分が還元された状態で存在する促進剤としての金属を得るステップとを備えた、請求項1に記載の吸着剤を調製する方法。 - 上記シリカ素材が、珪藻土、シリカゾル、シリカゲル、マクロ多孔性シリカ、および、膨張パーライトのうちの1つ以上からなる群より選択されてもよい、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 上記粘土が、カオリン、レクトライト、Yunmeng粘土、ベントナイト、および、モンモリロナイトのうちの1つ以上からなる群より選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 上記結合剤が、水和アルミナ、アルミニウムゾル、ベーマイト、擬ベーマイト、アルミナ三水和物、および、非結晶質水酸化アルミニウムのうちの1つ以上からなる群より選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 上記結合剤に対する粘土の重量比が約0.2:1〜約1.2:1であり、
上記シリカ素材と結合剤との重量比が約0.5:1〜約1.5:1である、請求項7または10に記載の方法。 - 上記第IIA族金属の化合物が、第II族金属の硝酸塩、塩化物、ギ酸塩、および、酢酸塩のうちの1つ以上からなる群より選択され、
上記第IA族金属の化合物が、第IA族金属の炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩、硝酸塩、塩化物、ギ酸塩、および、酢酸塩のうちの1つ以上からなる群より選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 上記金属製促進剤を包含する化合物が、該金属製促進剤の酢酸塩、炭酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、チオシアン酸塩、および、酸化物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- ステップ(1)において、水、酸、結合剤、粘土、および、シリカ素材を混合してスラリーを生成し、このスラリーを熟成させて酸性化したスラリーを生成し、
ステップ(2)において、第IIB族および第VB族から選択される金属の酸化物ならびに第IA族金属の化合物または第IIA族金属の化合物の酸化物を、この酸性化したスラリーに添加してキャリア混合物を生成する、請求項7に記載の方法。 - ステップ(1)において、水、酸、結合剤、および、粘土を混合し、次に熟成させて酸性化したスラリーを生成し、
ステップ(2)において、上記酸性化したスラリーに第IIB族および第VB族から選択される金属の酸化物ならびに事前処理済みシリカ素材を添加してキャリア混合物を生成し、
この事前処理済みシリカ素材が、シリカ素材および第IA族金属の化合物または第IIA族金属の化合物を混合し、上記キャリア混合物を約400℃〜約600℃で乾燥およびか焼することによって得られる、請求項7に記載の方法。 - ステップ(1)において、
上記酸が、1つ以上の水可溶性の無機酸および/または有機酸から選択され、
使用する酸の量は、上記スラリーのpH値が約1〜約5となるような量であり、
使用する水の量は、上記スラリーの濃度が約10重量%〜約20重量%となるような量である、請求項7、14、または、15に記載の方法。 - ステップ(1)において、
熟成温度が約60℃〜約80℃であり、
熟成時間が約1時間〜約3時間である、請求項7、14、または、15に記載の方法。 - ステップ(3)において、
上記キャリア混合物が、約10重量%〜約50重量%の固形成分を含有するスラリーの形態を有し、
上記キャリア混合物を噴霧乾燥法で成型して粒径が約20μm〜約200μmである微粒子を生成し、室温から約400℃までの温度で乾燥し、約500℃〜約800℃でか焼する、請求項7に記載の方法。 - ステップ(4)において、
上記金属製促進剤を含浸または沈殿によって上記キャリア内に導入し、
上記キャリアを約50℃〜約300℃で乾燥し、約300℃〜約800℃でか焼する、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の吸着剤に、硫黄含有供給物を約350℃〜約500℃で完全に接触させ、
硫黄含有量が低下した生成物を収集する、分解ガソリンまたはディーゼル燃料を脱硫する方法。 - 上記接触を流動層において実施する、請求項20に記載の方法。
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KR101392805B1 (ko) | 2012-07-27 | 2014-05-30 | 코아텍주식회사 | 피에프씨와 산 배기가스 제거용 흡착제 |
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BRPI0923919B1 (pt) | 2018-06-12 |
US8975208B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
WO2010075672A1 (zh) | 2010-07-08 |
RU2517639C2 (ru) | 2014-05-27 |
SA110310032B1 (ar) | 2015-03-17 |
US20110272328A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
RU2011131329A (ru) | 2013-02-10 |
BRPI0923919A2 (pt) | 2016-01-12 |
JP5443510B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
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