JP2012505962A - 光電気化学的水分解及び/又は電気生産のためのケイ化物 - Google Patents
光電気化学的水分解及び/又は電気生産のためのケイ化物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012505962A JP2012505962A JP2011531350A JP2011531350A JP2012505962A JP 2012505962 A JP2012505962 A JP 2012505962A JP 2011531350 A JP2011531350 A JP 2011531350A JP 2011531350 A JP2011531350 A JP 2011531350A JP 2012505962 A JP2012505962 A JP 2012505962A
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- Prior art keywords
- silicide
- production
- water
- silicides
- electricity
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- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021341 titanium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZXEYZECDXFPJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N $l^{3}-silane;platinum Chemical compound [SiH3].[Pt] ZXEYZECDXFPJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VLJQDHDVZJXNQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-(oxomethylidene)benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N=C=O)C=C1 VLJQDHDVZJXNQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019001 CoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910005329 FeSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910006249 ZrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CHXGWONBPAADHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Si].[Cr] Chemical compound [Si].[Si].[Cr] CHXGWONBPAADHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001905 inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021340 platinum monosilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021339 platinum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FHTCLMVMBMJAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)manganese Chemical compound [Si]=[Mn]=[Si] FHTCLMVMBMJAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MANYRMJQFFSZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)tantalum Chemical compound [Si]=[Ta]=[Si] MANYRMJQFFSZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicide Chemical compound [Ni]=[Si]=[Ni] RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NUSDCJCJVURPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetraboride Chemical compound B12B3B4[Si]32B41 NUSDCJCJVURPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920004011 Macrolon® Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 206010010144 Completed suicide Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KZYDBKYFEURFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxorhodium Chemical compound O=[Rh]=O KZYDBKYFEURFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- TWRSDLOICOIGRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Si].[Hf] Chemical compound [Si].[Si].[Hf] TWRSDLOICOIGRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WEAMLHXSIBDPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) thiocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC(SC#N)=CC=C1O WEAMLHXSIBDPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017743 AgSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016344 CuSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCMKFCQUZDOHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [As].[Ta] Chemical compound [As].[Ta] WCMKFCQUZDOHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CYKMNKXPYXUVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ti] Chemical compound [C].[Ti] CYKMNKXPYXUVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MIDOFQRPAXDZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Sr] Chemical compound [Si].[Sr] MIDOFQRPAXDZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HZEIHKAVLOJHDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynecobalt Chemical compound [Co]#B HZEIHKAVLOJHDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NUEWEVRJMWXXFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(iii) boride Chemical compound [Cr]=[B] NUEWEVRJMWXXFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silicide Chemical compound [Mg]=[Si]=[Mg] YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidyneiron Chemical compound [Fe]#P DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNUPENMBHHEARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tungsten Chemical compound [Si].[W] WNUPENMBHHEARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon zirconium Chemical compound [Si].[Zr] UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021355 zirconium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006542 α-FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006585 β-FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、水から水素及び酸素を、及び、電気を、光電気化学的に生産するにあたり、極めて一般的に、ケイ化物(シリサイド)の存在下で、特に、金属ケイ化物及び非金属ケイ化物、例えば、ケイ化ホウ素、炭素含有ケイ化物及び窒素含有ケイ化物、すなわち、ケイ素を含有し、かつ、組成RSixを有する化合物の存在下で行う方法に関する。Rは、この場合に、有機の、金属の、有機金属の、非金属の、又は無機の基であることができ、そして、Siは、元素ケイ素であり、増加する数の原子X>0を有する。以下のテキストにおいては、この物質クラスをケイ化物と呼ぶ。この物質のケイ化物の下位概念は、高められた電子密度により特徴付けられる。このケイ化物は前述の反応プロセスにおいて触媒的に有効であり、その際、このプロセスは光有りで又は無しで進行できる。しかし、この反応の照射の際には、ガス発生の増加が確認され、これは、人工光及び太陽光の使用の場合である。より高い反応温度はしばしば反応促進性である。ケイ化物は大抵は半導体材料である。
金属触媒を用いて水から水素及び酸素を生産するための光化学反応の実施のためには、様々なプロセスが開示されている。これは、この場合に、ランタニド種の光触媒、例えば、NaTaO3:La、希土類金属からの触媒、例えば、R2Ti2O7(R=Y、希土類金属)、又は、TiO2から派生した半導体システム、いわゆるタンデムセルであり、その際、これまでにはケイ化物の使用は表題適用のためには言及されてこなかった。
意外なことに、ケイ化物(シリサイド)、すなわち、金属ケイ化物及び非金属ケイ化物、例えば、ケイ化ホウ素、炭素含有ケイ化物及び窒素含有ケイ化物、すなわち、化合物であってケイ素を含有し、かつ、RSixの組成を有する化合物の使用の際に、このプロセスが、光電気的原則にしたがって進行する場合に、すなわち、このケイ化物が光受容材及び/又は電極として使用される場合に、この欠点が回避されることができることが見出された。Rは、この場合に、有機の、金属の、有機金属の、又は無機の基であることができ、そして、Siは、元素ケイ素であり、増加する数の原子X>0を有する。以下のテキストにおいては、この物質クラスをケイ化物と呼ぶ。前記化合物のケイ化物−下位概念は、高められた電子密度により、すなわち、負の荷電密度により特徴付けられるか、又は、これは負の荷電を有する。
実施例1:固形の形態にある結晶質ケイ化チタン(TiSi2)(「スパッタリングターゲット」、5cmの直径)を、容器(円柱状、かつ、自由なガス空間を有して冷却可能、反応温度25−30℃)中に配置し、かつ、対電極(例えば、IrO2又はRuO2)と電気伝導性に連結させる。
Claims (21)
- 水からの水素及び酸素の光電気化学的生産のための、並びに、同時の又は別個に進行する、電気の光電気的/光起電的生産のための方法において、水をケイ化物(シリサイド)と、光を同時に適用しながら接触させるか、又は、電気のみの生産の場合にはこの水接触もなしで済ませることができることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記ケイ化物及びケイ化物類似化合物は、金属のケイ化物及び/又は非金属のケイ化物、例えば、ケイ化ホウ素、炭素含有ケイ化物及び窒素含有ケイ化物、例えばケイ化チタン(TiSi2、Ti5Si3)、ケイ化ニッケル(Ni2Si)、ケイ化鉄(FeSi2、FeSi)、ケイ化タリウム(ThSi2)、ケイ化ホウ素(四ホウ化ケイ素ともいう)(B4Si)、ケイ化コバルト(CoSi2)、ケイ化白金(PtSi、Pt2Si)、ケイ化マンガン(MnSi2)、チタンカーボシリサイド(Ti3C2Si)、カーボシリサイド/ポリ−カーボシリサイド(CSi/ポリ−CSi)(炭化ケイ素/ポリケイ素炭化物ともいう)、ケイ化イリジウム(IrSi2)、ニトロケイ化物(窒化ケイ素ともいう)(N4Si3)、ケイ化ジルコニウム(ZrSi2)、ケイ化タンタル(TaSi2)、ケイ化バナジウム(V2Si)又はケイ化クロム(CrSi2)、すなわち、ケイ素を含有し、かつ、分子式RSix[式中、Rは有機の、金属の、有機金属の及び/又は無機の基又はその混合物であり、Siは元素ケイ素であり、増加する数の原子X>0を有する]に相応する化合物に属することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が、高められた電子密度(負の荷電密度)を有するケイ素原子を少なくとも1つ含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が、触媒及び人工光や太陽光また同様にこの人工及び/又は太陽線の熱的部分の受容材として光電気化学プロセス、例えば水分解において及び/又は電気の生産のための光電気的/光起電的プロセスにおいて使用されることができることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が電極として用いられ、かつ、電気伝導性システム中への電解質の使用を介して1又は複数の対電極と連結していることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が、前記加水分解と同時に又は別個に電流を提供し、その際、この対電極が金属、遷移金属、金属酸化物、遷移金属酸化物、非金属構造及び/又は混合構造であることもできるが、この全ての対電極は電気伝導性であるべきであることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が光受容材として、水からの水及び酸素の生産のための、並びに、同時の又は別個に進行する、電気の光電気的/光起電的生産のための、光電気化学的設備の外側にも存在することができることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 水からの水素及び酸素の生産のための、並びに、同時の又は別個に進行する、電気の生産のための光化学反応が、電極材料及び/又は集光材料としてのケイ化物の存在下で、光電気化学的又は光電気的/光起電的プロセスの一部として進行し、その際、前記ケイ化物は好ましくは結晶質の形態で使用され、かつ、このプロセスは濃縮しかつ/又は拡散した形態にある人工光及び/又は太陽光で稼働することを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が電極として用いられ、かつ、1又は複数の対電極と電気伝導的に連結しており、その際、純粋に光電気的/光起電的な使用及び前記ケイ化物及び対電極の適したドーピングでは、電解質の使用なしですませることができ、かつ、前記ケイ化物及び対電極を直接的に接触させることができることを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 光源及び/又は付加的な熱エネルギー源が、200〜15000nmの範囲内のエネルギーを放射することを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物の光吸収を、染料及び/又は染料集合物を前記ケイ化物に連結/複合化/取り付け/結合することにより、増強することを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 使用される染料がペリレン及びペリレン類似体であることを特徴とする請求項1から11のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- より高い反応温度及び/又は人工の及び/又は太陽の光濃度及び/又は光強度が当該方法の経過に好ましく作用することを特徴とする請求項1から12のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 水からの水素及び酸素の生産のために、及び/又は、同時の又は別個に進行する、電気の生産のために、付加的に導入される熱エネルギーが、光化学的光源に、人工及び/又は太陽光源に、及び/又は、熱エネルギーを生じる他の装置に由来し、これは例えば、電気的加熱システム、電子レンジシステム及び/又は地熱及び/又は他のエネルギー源であることを特徴とする請求項1から13のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 1又は複数のケイ化物が、当該方法に能動的に関与し、かつ、さらに、その反応性において、ケイ化物構造を有しない他の半導体材料により支持されており、この材料が、例えば、二酸化ルテニウム(RuO2)、二酸化マンガン(MnO2)、三酸化タングステン(WO3)、酸化イリジウム(IrO2)、酸化ロジウム(RhO2)及び、請求項1から14のいずれか1項記載の方法を能動的に支持するための他の半導体材料であることを特徴とする、請求項1から14のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が固定化した形態で使用されることができ、すなわち、この化合物がポリマー材料(例えば、ポリアミド、マクロロン又はプレキシガラス)、表面、ガラス又はガラス類似材料に埋め込まれるか、又はポリマー材料、表面、ガラス又はガラス類似材料に取り付け/固着されている場合であり、特にこれは、このポリマー及び/又はガラス状材料が電気/電子/荷電伝導性である場合であることを特徴とする請求項1から15のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物がポリマー材料(例えば、ポリアミド、マクロロン又はプレキシガラス)又はガラス又はガラス類似材料での表面処理後に適用され、かつ、これが特に、前記ポリマー及び/又はガラス状材料が電気/電子/荷電伝導性である場合であることを特徴とする請求項1から16のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物及び対電極を接触させ、リチウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、カリウム、カルシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、炭素、窒素、ケイ素、チタン、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、ランタン、ニッケル、マンガン、コバルト、ガリウム、ゲルマニウム、インジウム、ヒ素、リン、ランタニド又は他の、光起電において通常のp−及びn−ドーピング原子でドーピング/合金化し、これは、この元素の、元素及び/又はイオン/ラジカル状の形態にあり、かつ、これは、前記ケイ化物及び対電極材料に対して50質量%までであることを特徴とする請求項1から17のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ化物が、水からの水素及び酸素の生産のための及び/又は同時の又は別個に進行する電気の生産のための前記方法を統合する一般的原則の一部としてであることを特徴とする請求項1から18のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- この新規技術が、例えば、エネルギーを生産/提供するために一般的に、エネルギー提供/−依存するシステムの稼働のために、加熱システムのために、燃料電池−技術のために、電気依存性の、又はエネルギー供給に依存する他の全ての技術のために、適用されることができ、まとめると、つまり、例えば、地球上の及び地球外の交通及び静止構造物及び装置、また同様に、生活、ビジネス及び健康を含めた人間の福利のための装置にも適用されることを特徴とする請求項1から19のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 化石由来のエネルギーの使用に基づく装置によってこれまで駆動/稼働された構造物及び装置のための前記エネルギー−提供システムを、請求項1から20のいずれか1項記載の方法により置き換え又は支持又は補うことができることを特徴とする請求項1から20のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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DE102008051670.8 | 2008-10-15 | ||
PCT/DE2009/001428 WO2010043208A1 (de) | 2008-10-15 | 2009-10-14 | Silicide zur photoelektrochemischen wasserspaltung und/oder erzeugung von elektrizität |
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Cited By (4)
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JP2014012626A (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-01-23 | Tatsuhiko Yamada | 水分解方法および水分解装置 |
JP2014238252A (ja) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-12-18 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 太陽光−熱変換部材、太陽光−熱変換積層体、太陽光−熱変換装置及び太陽熱発電装置 |
JP2015214470A (ja) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-12-03 | 大和ハウス工業株式会社 | 太陽エネルギー利用システム |
JP2017206426A (ja) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 森男 梶塚 | 水を三重構造に分解する |
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KR101196793B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-11-05 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 태양 전지 및 그 제조 방법 |
RU2539523C1 (ru) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-01-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова" (КБГУ) | Электролитический способ получения наноразмерного порошка дисилицида церия |
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JP2014012626A (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-01-23 | Tatsuhiko Yamada | 水分解方法および水分解装置 |
JP2014238252A (ja) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-12-18 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 太陽光−熱変換部材、太陽光−熱変換積層体、太陽光−熱変換装置及び太陽熱発電装置 |
US10302334B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 | 2019-05-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Sunlight-to-heat converting member, sunlight-to-heat converting stack, sunlight-to-heat converting device, and solar power generating device |
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JP2015214470A (ja) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-12-03 | 大和ハウス工業株式会社 | 太陽エネルギー利用システム |
JP2017206426A (ja) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 森男 梶塚 | 水を三重構造に分解する |
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WO2010043208A1 (de) | 2010-04-22 |
EP2337878A1 (de) | 2011-06-29 |
DE102008051670A1 (de) | 2009-11-05 |
US9005421B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
US20110303548A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
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