JP2012503321A - 材料ボンディングのための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
材料ボンディングのための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012503321A JP2012503321A JP2011527336A JP2011527336A JP2012503321A JP 2012503321 A JP2012503321 A JP 2012503321A JP 2011527336 A JP2011527336 A JP 2011527336A JP 2011527336 A JP2011527336 A JP 2011527336A JP 2012503321 A JP2012503321 A JP 2012503321A
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- Prior art keywords
- intermetallic layer
- layer
- solder material
- intermetallic
- substrate
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 236
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 32
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910016347 CuSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(a)例えば、棚状で得るか、または堆積により、第1基板上の第1導電性材料上に、第1金属間層を受け取る工程であって、第1金属間層は壊れやすくて粗く、例えば50MPaより低い圧力、例えば35MPaより低い圧力、例えば20MPaより低い圧力のような低い圧力を用いて半田材料部分を接続した場合に第1金属間層は破壊される工程と、
(b)例えば、棚状で得るか、または堆積により、第2導電性材料上に半田材料を受け取る工程であって、半田材料は、第1導電性材料、第2導電性材料および第1金属間層より低い融点を有し、半田材料は金属間層より柔らかい工程と、
(c)半田材料の融点より低い温度で、半田材料を第1金属間層と接触させて、第1金属間層を破壊する工程と、
(d)半田材料の融点より低い温度で、半田材料を第1金属間層とより接触させて、第1金属間層を破壊した後に、第1金属間層の表面の孔の少なくとも一部に半田材料を充填する工程と、
(e)半田材料の融点より低い温度で、半田材料と第1金属間層との間の界面で、第2金属間層を実現する工程と、を含む。
その上の第1導電性材料と第1導電性材料上の金属間層とを有する第1基板であって、金属間層は、壊れやすくて粗さを有し、例えば50MPaより低い、例えば35MPa以下、例えば20MPa以下の低い圧力で半田材料と接触した場合に破壊するような第1基板と、
その上の第2導電性材料と第2導電性材料上の半田材料とを有する第2基板であって、半田材料は第1導電性材料および第2導電性材料より低い、および第1金属間材料より低い融点を有し、半田材料は金属間層より柔らかい、第2基板と、を含み、
互いに接触させた場合に、半田材料と第1金属間層は、半田材料の融点より低い温度で、第2金属間層を形成するように変化する。
以下は、低温と低圧で2つのチップをボンディングするために準備される。第1に、約7μmの厚いIn半田材料バンプが電気メッキにより一のチップの上に堆積され、(1μmの膜厚の)薄いIn層が、厚いAu層を含む他のチップの上に堆積された。薄いIn層は厚いAu層と反応して、AuIn金属間層を形成した。これは、XRDにより確認され(図4参照)、ここでは、多くのAuIn金属間化合物の反射ピークが識別される。
CuのSnへのボンディングは、AuのInへのボンディングと同様の手順に続く。約5μmの厚いSn半田材料バンプは、電気メッキにより一のチップ上に堆積され、薄いSn層は、厚いCu層と接続する他のチップの上に堆積された。電気メッキされたSnの山と谷の粗さ(peak-to-valley roughness)(ht)は、0.5μmと1.0μmの間であるため、1.5μm膜厚のSn層がCuの上に堆積され、Cuは完全にSnで覆われる。薄いSn層は厚いCu層と反応してCuSn金属間層を形成する。CuSn金属間層の成長速度は、AuIn金属間層の成長速度より遅いため、Cu/Sn反応を加速するためのチップは100℃まで加熱される。この後、このチップ上の余剰のSnがHClエッチングで除去され、CuSn金属間層を通して(他のチップ上の)SnにCuがボンディングされるのを保証する。続いて、それらの2つのチップは、フェイストゥフェイスに配置され、150℃と200℃で、それぞれ2MPaと10MPaの圧力で、14分間ボンディングされる。最後に、剪断強度が、剪断試験で測定される。図6aおよび図6bに示すように、(余剰のSnがエッチングされた後において)金属間層でSnにボンディングされたCuの剪断強度は、この金属間層の無い場合より大きい。これは、Au/Inシステムにおいて観察されたものと一致した。
Claims (25)
- 第1基板(1)上の第1導電性材料(2)と、第2基板(4)上の第2導電性材料(5)との間の電気的接続を実現する方法であって、
(a)第1基板(1)上の第1導電性材料(2)上に、第1金属間層(3)を受け取る工程であって、第1金属間層は壊れやすくて粗く、低い圧力を用いて半田材料部分を接触させた場合に第1金属間層は破壊される工程と、
(b)第2導電性材料(5)上に半田材料(6)を受け取る工程であって、半田材料(6)は、第1導電性材料、第2導電性材料、および第1金属間層(3)より低い融点を有し、半田材料(6)は金属間層(3)より柔らかい工程と、
(c)半田材料(6)の融点より低い温度で、半田材料(6)を第1金属間層(3)と接触させて、第1金属間層(3)を破壊する工程と、
(d)半田材料(6)の融点より低い温度で、半田材料(6)を第1金属間層(3)とより接触させて、第1金属間層(3)を破壊した後に、第1金属間層(3)の表面の孔の少なくとも一部に半田材料(6)を充填する工程と、
(e)半田材料(6)の融点より低い温度で、半田材料(6)と第1金属間層(3)との間の界面で、第2金属間層(7)を実現する工程と、を含む方法。 - 第1金属間層(3)は、安定相であり、第1基板(1)上の第1導電性材料(2)と反応しない請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1金属間層(3)の膜厚は、約1000nmと2000nmの間である請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 金属間層(3)は、約0.2μmより大きなRMS表面粗さと、約0.5μmより大きな山と谷の高低差を有する請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 半田材料面積の約30%と70%の間が第1金属間層(3)に接触した場合に、第1金属間層(3)が破壊される請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 半田材料面積の約50%より広くが第1金属間層(3)に接触した場合に、半田材料(6)は、第1金属間層(3)の表面の孔の少なくとも一部を充填する請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 半田材料(6)は、接触領域の第1金属間層の表面の全ての孔を本質的に充填し、第1金属間層と完全に接触する請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 半田材料(6)は、第2金属間層(7)の形成後に全てが消費されるような体積を有する請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 更に、第1金属間層(3)の実現に先立って、導電性層の上に中間層を堆積する工程を含む請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 第1導電性層(2)は、第1金属であり、第1金属間層(3)は、第1金属層の上に第2金属層を堆積する工程と、第1金属層を第2金属層と反応させて第1金属間層(3)を実現する工程とにより実現される請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 低い圧力は、50MPa以下の圧力である請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 低い圧力は、20MPa以下の圧力である請求項11に記載の方法。
- 基板(1)上の第1導電性材料(2)と、第2基板(4)上の第2導電性材料(5)との間の電気的接続を実現するための部分一式であって、この一式は、
その上の第1導電性材料(2)と第1導電性材料(2)上の金属間層(3)とを有する第1基板であって、金属間層(3)は、壊れやすくて粗さを有し、低い圧力で半田材料と接触した場合に破壊するような第1基板と、
その上の第2導電性材料(5)と第2導電性材料(5)上の半田材料(6)とを有する第2基板(4)であって、半田材料(6)は第1導電性材料(2)および第2導電性材料(5)より低い、および第1金属間材料(3)より低い融点を有し、半田材料(6)は金属間層(3)より柔らかい、第2基板と、を含み、
半田材料(6)と第1金属間層(3)は、半田材料(6)の融点より低い温度で、第2金属間層(7)を形成するように変化する部分一式。 - 第1金属間層(6)は、安定相であり、第1基板(1)上の第1導電性層(2)と反応しない請求項13に記載の部分一式。
- 第1金属間層(3)の膜厚は、約1000nmと2000nmの間である請求項13または14のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 金属間層(3)は、約0.2μmより大きなRMS表面粗さと、約0.5μmより大きな山と谷の高低差を有する請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 半田材料面積の約30%と70%の間が第1金属間層(3)に接触する場合に、第1金属間層(3)が破壊される請求項13〜16のいずれ可に記載の部品一式。
- 半田材料面積の約50%より広くが第1金属間層(3)と接続する場合に、半田材料(6)が第1金属間層(3)の表面の孔の少なくとも一部を充填するように部分一式が適用される請求項13〜17のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 部分一式は、接触領域の第1金属間層(3)の表面の全ての孔を半田材料(6)が充填して、第1金属間層(3)と完全に接触するように適用される請求項13〜18のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 半田材料(6)は、第2金属間層の形成中に、全て消費可能な体積を有する請求項13〜19のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 更に、第1導電性層と第1金属間層との間に、中間層(3)を含む請求項13〜20のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 第1導電性層(3)は、第1金属であり、第1金属間層(3)は、第1金属と第2金属の反応により形成された金属間層である請求項13〜21のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 低い圧力は、50MPa以下の圧力である請求項13〜22のいずれかに記載の部品一式。
- 低い圧力は、20MPa以下の圧力である請求項23に記載の部品一式。
- 第1基板(1)の上の第1導電性材料(2)と、第2基板(4)の上の第2導電性材料(5)の間に電気的接続を実現するデバイスであって、このデバイスは、第1導電性材料(2)の上の第1金属間層(3)と、第2導電性材料(5)の上の半田材料(6)から、融点より低い温度で形成された第2金属間層(7)を含み、第1金属間層(3)は、低い圧力で半田材料(6)を接触させた場合に、小さな変形で破壊するように、壊れやすくて粗さを有し、半田材料(6)は、第1導電性材料(2)および第2導電性材料(5)、および第1金属間層(3)より低い融点を有し、半田材料(6)は第1金属間層(3)より柔らかいデバイス。
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- 2009-09-18 WO PCT/EP2009/062125 patent/WO2010031845A1/en active Application Filing
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WO2010031845A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
JP5438114B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2340554B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
US20110233792A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
US8536047B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 |
EP2340554A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
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