JP2012219711A - 液化システム - Google Patents
液化システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012219711A JP2012219711A JP2011085979A JP2011085979A JP2012219711A JP 2012219711 A JP2012219711 A JP 2012219711A JP 2011085979 A JP2011085979 A JP 2011085979A JP 2011085979 A JP2011085979 A JP 2011085979A JP 2012219711 A JP2012219711 A JP 2012219711A
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 288
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005680 Thomson effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/005—Adaptations for refrigeration plants
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
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- F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
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- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
- F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
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Abstract
【解決手段】液化システム100は、液化原料ガスの圧力が所定部分3b,3cで所定圧P0以上に保たれるように液化原料供給源1からの液化原料ガスを送るフィードライン3と、冷媒を循環させるための冷媒循環ライン5と、所定圧P0以上のガスの供給を受けて膨張タービン14H,14Lの回転軸を回転可能に支持する静圧気体軸受GBと、静圧気体軸受GBにガスを供給するために、フィードライン3の所定部分3b,3cと静圧気体軸受GBのガス入口49とを接続する軸受供給ライン7と、を備えている。
【選択図】図3
Description
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る液化システム100の全体構成を示す概念図である。図1に示す液化システム100は、常温常圧で気体となる液化原料ガスを液化する。液化システム100が対象とする液化原料ガスは、沸点が絶対零度に近い極低温であって常温常圧で気体となるもの、例えば水素ガス、ヘリウムガス及びネオンガスである。本実施形態では、特段記載しない限り、液化原料ガスに水素ガスを適用するものとして説明する。
図5は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る液化システム200の要部構成を示す概念図である。以下、上記実施形態との相違を中心にして本実施形態について説明する。
図6は、本発明の第3実施形態に係る液化システム300の要部構成を示す概念図である。以下、上記実施形態との相違を中心にして本実施形態について説明する。
1、201 原料タンク
2、302 液体水素タンク
3、203、303 フィードライン
4a、4b、4c、4d、4e 熱交換器
5 冷媒循環ライン
7 軸受供給ライン
8、208、308 軸受ガス戻しライン
309,310 ボイルオフガス戻しライン
11 フィード系圧縮機
12 ジュールトムソン弁
13H 高圧循環系圧縮機
13L 低圧循環系圧縮機
14H 高圧膨張タービン
14L 低圧膨張タービン
15 ジュールトムソン弁
16 圧力調整弁
18 液体水素溜
22 回転軸
27 上静圧スラスト気体軸受
28 下静圧スラスト気体軸受
29 上静圧ジャーナル気体軸受
30 下静圧ジャーナル気体軸受
GB 静圧気体軸受ユニット
49 軸受ガス入口
50 軸受ガス出口
Claims (7)
- 液化原料ガスの圧力が所定部分で所定圧以上に保たれるように、液化原料供給源からの液化原料ガスを送るフィードラインと、
冷媒を循環させるための冷媒循環ラインと、
前記冷媒循環ラインを流れる前記冷媒により前記フィードラインを流れる前記液化原料ガスを冷却するための熱交換器と、
前記冷媒循環ラインに設けられ、前記冷媒を膨張により温度低下させる膨張タービンと、
前記冷媒循環ラインに設けられ、前記冷媒を圧縮して前記膨張タービンに導く循環系圧縮機と、
前記冷媒循環ラインのうち前記循環系圧縮機から前記膨張タービンへ向かう部分を流れる前記冷媒が前記所定圧以上となる高負荷運転と、当該部分を流れる前記冷媒が前記所定圧未満となる低負荷運転とを実施可能なように前記膨張タービン及び前記循環系圧縮機の動作を制御する制御装置と、
前記所定圧以上のガスの供給を受けて前記膨張タービンの回転軸を回転可能に支持する静圧気体軸受と、
前記静圧気体軸受にガスを供給するために、前記フィードラインの前記所定部分と前記静圧気体軸受のガス入口とを接続する軸受供給ラインと、を備えている、液化システム。 - 前記所定部分が、前記フィードラインのうち前記熱交換器の上流側に位置する、請求項1に記載の液化システム。
- 前記軸受供給ラインに設けられ、前記軸受供給ラインを流れるガスの圧力を減圧するための圧力調整弁を更に備える、請求項1又は2に記載の液化システム。
- 前記所定部分の上流側で前記フィードラインに設けられ、前記液化原料ガスを圧縮するフィード系圧縮機と、
前記静圧気体軸受のガス出口から流出するガスを前記フィードラインに戻すために、前記ガス出口と、前記フィードラインのうち前記フィード系圧縮機の上流側部分との間を接続する軸受ガス戻しラインと、を更に備える、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の液化システム。 - ボイルオフガスを前記フィードラインに戻すためのボイルオフガス戻しラインを備え、
前記ボイルオフガス戻しラインが前記軸受ガス戻しラインに接続されている、請求項4に記載の液化システム。 - 前記冷媒が、前記液化原料ガスと同一である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の液化システム。
- 前記静圧気体軸受のガス出口から流出するガスを前記冷媒循環ラインに送るために、前記ガス出口と、前記冷媒循環ラインのうち前記膨張タービンから前記圧縮機に向かう部分との間を接続する軸受ガス戻しラインを更に備える、請求項6に記載の液化システム。
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