JP2011526666A - 固体酸化物型燃料電池を動力源とする車両用の車載改質装置における燃料リッチ低温の燃焼モードで内燃機関を運転するシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
固体酸化物型燃料電池を動力源とする車両用の車載改質装置における燃料リッチ低温の燃焼モードで内燃機関を運転するシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0223—Variable control of the intake valves only
- F02D13/0234—Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0269—Controlling the valves to perform a Miller-Atkinson cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
- F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 燃焼室(200)を有するエンジン(300)であって、
前記燃焼室(200)によって囲まれた容積(210)を選択的に膨張及び収縮する働きをする燃焼室(200)と、
前記容積(210)が膨張している時に前記燃焼室(200)容積(210)へエア供給を提供するように制御される前記燃焼室(200)用の吸気バルブ(204)と、
エア供給と混合するために前記燃焼室(200)容積(210)内へ、燃料の予備噴射、混合気リッチ空燃比を提供する量の前記予備噴射、前記混合気が燃焼を開始する前に前記燃焼室(200)内で前記リッチ混合気を生じるように制御されている前記予備噴射タイミング、を提供するように制御される燃料噴射装置(208)と、
制御されたエア供給及び予備噴射量は、前記容積(210)が収縮することに起因して起こる圧縮時に前記燃焼室(200)内で前記リッチ空燃比混合気が自動着火することができるようにされ、前記量はまた、相当量の煤煙が生じる温度よりも低く維持された温度で前記混合気が燃焼することができるように調節され、前記燃焼室(200)は、その結果、リッチ且つ実質上NOx及び煤煙を含まない排気を生じるように機能することを特徴とするエンジン(300)。 - 前記吸気バルブ(204)は、前記容積(200)が最大限に膨張される前に前記吸気バルブ(204)を閉弁することによりエア供給を制限するようにされており、吸気バルブ(204)は、最大膨張時に前記容積(210)内に0.9気圧以下である亜大気圧をもたらすタイミングで閉弁されるように制御されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のエンジン(300)。
- 排気バルブ(206)の開弁前に前記膨張が完了することが許容されていた場合、より高い排気温度をもたらすために十分に早いタイミングで前記燃焼室(200)容積(210)膨張の完了前に開弁するように制御された前記燃焼室(200)のための前記排気バルブ(206)をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載のエンジン(300)。
- 請求項1記載のエンジン(300)と、
エア側と燃料側とを有し、その燃料側で前記エンジン(300)排気を受入れるように構成され、電力を生じるために化学エネルギーを使用する間に前記排気の前記化学エネルギー含有量を実質上減少させるように機能する固体酸化物型燃料電池(312)と、
を含むことを特徴とする動力発生システム(301)。 - 前記燃料電池(312)は、中間温度固体酸化物型燃料電池(312)であり、前記燃焼室(200)は、前記燃料電池(312)が運転している時の温度で前記リッチ排気を生じるように機能することを特徴とする請求項4記載の動力発生システム(301)。
- 前記燃焼室(200)と前記固体酸化物型燃料電池(312)との間で前記排気を処理するように構成される燃料改質装置(320)と、
前記燃料改質装置(320)の着火温度である250℃よりも高い温度で前記リッチ排気を生じるように機能する前記燃焼室(200)と、
をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項4記載の動力発生システム(301)。 - 請求項1記載のエンジン(300)と、
前記エンジン(300)からの前記排気を処理するように構成され、リーン状態下でNOxを吸着及び蓄積するとともにリッチ状態下で前記蓄積されたNOxを還元及び放出する装置であるリーンNOxトラップ(402)と、
前記リーンNOxトラップ(402)の脱硫酸化の完了時に前記エンジン(300)を前記リッチ低温燃焼モードからリーン燃焼モードへ切り替えるようにプログラムされた制御装置と、
を含むことを特徴とする動力発生システム(401)。 - 低温燃焼モードにおける燃焼室(200)を運転する方法であって、
吸気行程、圧縮行程、動力行程、及び排気行程を含むサイクルで前記燃焼室(200)を運転するステップと、
前記燃焼室(200)へ前記吸気行程中にエア供給を提供するステップと、
少なくとも1.05の空撚当量比を付与するために前記エア供給と混合するための燃料供給を伴い、前記サイクルが前記圧縮行程中に上死点の20度前のクランク角度に到達した時に前記燃焼室(200)内に前記燃料及びエア供給が生じる前記燃焼室(200)を提供するステップと、
前記圧縮行程によって生じる熱及び圧力の結果として前記混合気が自動着火するような総量及び状態下で前記燃料及びエア供給が提供されるステップと、
を含み、
前記燃料及びエア供給量並びに燃焼の他の状態は、前記燃焼が相当量の煤煙を生じない程度に十分に低い温度まで燃焼に起因する温度を制限するためにさらに限定されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記エア供給量は、前記吸気行程が完了する前に吸気バルブ(204)を閉弁することにより制限され、前記閉弁は、前記吸気行程の終了で前記燃焼室(200)内に亜大気圧が起こるように十分に早期に行われることを特徴とする請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記エンジン(300)は可変バルブ機構を有する圧縮着火ディーゼルエンジン(300)であり、前記燃料はディーゼル燃料であることを特徴とする請求項9記載の方法。
- 前記エンジン(300)は、直接噴射及び層状燃焼を伴う典型的なディーゼルサイクルでの運転用に設計されることを特徴とする請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記燃焼室(200)運転は、250℃よりも高い温度を有する排気を生じ、また、
前記燃焼室(200)は、排気ガス再循環を用いずに又は25%以下の排気ガス再循環率で運転されることを特徴とする請求項8記載の方法。 - 内燃機関(300)並びにエア側及び燃料側を有する固体酸化物型燃料電池(312)を含む動力発生システムを運転する方法であって、
請求項8記載の方法によってエンジン(300)の燃焼室(200)を運転するステップと、
前記固体酸化物型燃料電池(312)の前記燃料側へ前記エンジン(300)排気を供給するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記排気及び改質された燃料が前記燃料電池(312)の前記燃料側へ移動する前に前記排気へ追加の燃料を付加するとともに燃料改質装置(320)を使用して前記排気中の前記燃料を改質するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記燃料改質装置(320)内の燃料を改質するために要求されるエネルギーは、前記エンジン(300)排気の熱から全て引き出されることを特徴とする請求項14記載の方法。
- 排気バルブ(206)を開弁させるタイミングを変化させることにより前記排気の温度が調節されるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記エンジン(300)の機械動力出力を比較的安定に維持する間、電気モータ(314)から可変機械動力を引き出すことにより、機械動力の変動する要求に応じて前記エンジン(300)の運転を安定化させるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記エンジン(300)の運転を安定化させるステップは、前記エンジン(300)が前記要求を超えて過剰に機械動力を生じる場合、前記エンジン(300)によって生じる機械動力から電気を発生させるために前記電気モータ(314)を逆回転させるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項17記載の方法。
- 直接噴射ディーゼルエンジン(300)及び排気後処理システムを含む動力発生システム(402)を運転する方法であって、
典型的なディーゼルサイクルで前記エンジン(300)を運転するステップと、
請求項8記載の方法に準じて前記エンジン(300)の燃焼室(200)の1つ以上の運転モードをリッチ低温燃焼モードへ切り替えることにより前記排気後処理システム内の装置を再生するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 直接噴射ディーゼル内燃機関(300)及び排気ライン燃料改質装置(320)を含む排気後処理システムを含む動力発生システム(402)を運転する方法であって、
典型的なディーゼルサイクルで前記エンジン(300)を運転するステップと、
請求項8記載の方法に準じてリッチ低温燃焼モードで前記エンジン(300)を運転することにより前記改質装置(320)を加熱するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。
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JP2013089456A (ja) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-13 | Mazda Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
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US20090282812A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
CN102076948B (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
EP2307693B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
EP2307693A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
US8463529B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
CN102076948A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
JP5541466B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
WO2010001227A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
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