JP2010526151A - c−kitおよびPDGFRキナーゼインヒビターとしての化合物および組成物 - Google Patents
c−kitおよびPDGFRキナーゼインヒビターとしての化合物および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- pyrimidin
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
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Abstract
Description
本願は2007年5月4日に出願した米国仮出願第60/916,051号の優先権の利益を主張する。この出願の全開示は、その全体においてあらゆる目的のために、参照により本明細書に引用する。
発明の分野
本発明は、新規化合物群、当該化合物を含む医薬組成物ならびに異常なまたは脱制御されたキナーゼ活性に関連した疾患または障害、特にc−kit、PDGFRαおよびPDGFRβキナーゼの異常な活性化が関与する疾患または障害の処置または予防のための、当該化合物の使用方法を提供する。
プロテインキナーゼは、広範な細胞プロセスの制御および細胞機能の制御の維持に中心的な役割を有する大きなタンパク質群である。これらのキナーゼの部分的な、非限定的な例は:血小板由来増殖因子受容体キナーゼ(PDGF−R)、神経増殖因子受容体、trkBおよび繊維芽細胞増殖因子受容体、FGFR3、B−RAFのような受容体チロシンキナーゼ;Ablおよびその融合キナーゼであるBCR−Abl、Lck、Bmxおよびc−srcのような非受容体チロシンキナーゼ;ならびにc−RAF、sgk、MAPキナーゼ(例えばMKK4、MKK6等)およびSAPK2αおよびSAPK2βのようなセリン/スレオニンキナーゼを含む。異常なキナーゼ活性は、良性および悪性増殖性疾患ならびに免疫系および神経系の不適切な活性化に由来する疾患を含む多様な疾患状態において観察される。
Lは−NC(O)−、−NC(O)N−および−C(O)N−から選択され;
の化合物ならびにそのN−オキシド誘導体、プロドラッグ誘導体、保護誘導体、個々の異性体およびそれらの異性体の混合物;ならびに当該化合物の薬学的に許容される塩および溶媒和物(例えば水和物)を提供する。
定義
基またはハロ置換アルキルおよびアルコキシのような他の基の構造要素としての「アルキル」は、直鎖または分枝鎖の何れかであってよい。C1−4−アルコキシはメトキシ、エトキシ等を含む。ハロ置換アルキルはトリフルオロメチル、ペンタフルオロエチル等を含む。
c−kit遺伝子は受容体チロシンキナーゼをコード化し、マスト細胞生存のための重要な増殖因子であるc−kit受容体に対するリガンドは幹細胞因子(SCF)と称される。c−kit受容体タンパク質チロシンキナーゼの活性は正常細胞において制御されており、c−kit遺伝子産物の正常な機能的活性は、正常な造血の維持、メラニン形成、配偶子形成(genetogenesis)ならびにマスト細胞の増殖および分化に必要である。SCF結合の非存在下におけるc−kitキナーゼ活性の構造的活性化を引き起こす変異は、肥満細胞症乃至悪性ヒトがんにわたる多様な疾患に関与している。
本発明の化合物はキナーゼの活性を調節し、それ自体がキナーゼが疾患の病理および/または症状に関与する疾患または障害の処置に有用である。本明細書に記載の化合物および組成物によって阻害されるキナーゼならびに本明細書に記載の方法が有用であるキナーゼは、c−kit、PDGFRα、PDGFRβ、Lyn、MAPK14(p38δ)、PDGFRα、PDGFRβ、ARG、BCR−Abl、BRK、EphB、Fms、Fyn、KDR、LCK、b−Raf、c−Raf、SAPK2、Src、Tie2およびTrkBキナーゼを含むが、これらに限定されない。
一般に、本発明の化合物は、治療上有効量で、当該技術分薬において既知の何れかの通常の許容される形態で、単剤または1種以上の治療剤との組合せにおいて投与される。治療上有効量は、疾患の重症度、対象の年齢および相対的な健康、使用する化合物の能力および他の要因に依存して広範に変化し得る。一般に、全身的な1日用量約0.03〜2.5mg/kg体重で満足のいく結果が得られる。大型哺乳類、例えばヒトにおける適用1日用量は約0.5mg〜約100mgの範囲であり、簡便には、例えば1日4回までの分割用量または徐放形態で投与する。経口投与に好適な単位投与形態は、約1〜50mgの有効成分を含む。
本発明はまた、本発明の化合物の製造方法を含む。記載の反応において、反応性官能基、例えばヒドロキシ、アミノ、イミノ、チオまたはカルボキシ基は、これらが最終生成物において反応への望ましくない参加を避けることが望まれるとき、保護する必要があり得る。標準的な技術に従って、常套の保護基を用いることができる。例えばT.W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley and Sons, 1991参照。
本発明の化合物は、遊離塩基形の化合物と薬学的に許容される無機または有機酸を反応させて、薬学的に許容される酸付加塩として製造することができる。あるいは、本発明の化合物の薬学的に許容される塩基付加塩は、遊離酸形の化合物と薬学的に許容される無機または有機塩基を反応させて製造することができる。あるいは、塩形の本発明の化合物は、塩形の出発物質または中間体を用いて製造することができる。
(a)反応スキームIおよびIIのもの、そして
(b)所望により本発明の化合物の薬学的に許容される塩への変換;
(c)所望により本発明の化合物の塩形態の非塩形態への変換;
(d)所望により本発明の化合物の酸化されていない形の薬学的に許容されるN−オキシドへの変換;
(e)所望により本発明の化合物のN−オキシド形態のその酸化されていない形への変換;
(f)所望により本発明の化合物の個々の異性体の異性体混合物からの分離;
(g)所望により誘導体化されていない本発明の化合物の薬学的に許容されるプロドラッグ誘導体への変換;および
(h)所望により本発明の化合物のプロドラッグ誘導体の非誘導体化形態への変換。
本発明を、本発明の式Iの化合物の製造を説明する下記実施例によってさらに例示するが、限定するものではない。
中間体の製造例
1H NMR (400MHz, d-クロロホルム) δ 9.08 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (m, 1H), 8.20 (m, 1H), 7.87 (m, 1H), 7.37 (m, 1H), 5.68 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.97 (s, 3H).
タイプA
N−(3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−3(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド A1
N−(3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド A2: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO) δ 10.52 (s, 1H), 9.26 (s, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.08-8.14 (m, 3H), 8.00-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.23 (m,1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H). LC/MS (m/z) (M+1)+: 460.2.
4−クロロ−3−メタンスルホニル−N−[4−メチル−3−(4−ピリジン−3−イル−ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−フェニル]−ベンズアミド A3: 1H NMR (400MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 10.6 (s, 1H), 9.3 (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.72 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 8.55 (m, 3H), 8.3 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.6 (dd, J = 7.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H). LC/MS (m/z) (M+1)+: 494.1.
N−(3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)ベンゾ[d]チアゾール−6−カルボキサミド A4: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO) δ 10.20 (s, 1H), 9.31 (s, 1H), 9.02 (s, 1H), 8.74 (d, J = 3.2 Hz,1H), 8.58 (m, 1H), 8.53 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 5.2 Hz,1H), 7.41 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.22 (m,3H), 7.09-7.13 (m,1H), 2.22 (s, 3H). LC/MS (m/z) (M+1)+: 439.2.
N−(3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−2−クロロ−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド A5: 1H NMR (400MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 10.65 (s, 1H), 9.29 (s, 1H), 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.72 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.55 (m, 2H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 9.2, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H). LC/MS (m/z) (M+1)+: 494.1.
同様の方法を用いて、A7、A8を製造する。
N−(3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−4−エトキシ−3−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド A8: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO) δ 10.37 (s, 1H), 9.23 (s, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.66 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (m, 2H), 8.37 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.55(m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 3H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.41 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H). LC/MS (m/z) (M+1)+: 504.2.
4−メタンスルホニル−N−{4−メチル−3−[4−(5−ピロリジン−1−イル−ピリジン−3−イル)−ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ]−フェニル}−ベンズアミド B1
3−メタンスルホニル−N−[4−メチル−3−(4−ピリジン−3−イル−ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−フェニル]−4−モルホリン−4−イル−ベンズアミド C1:
4−メタンスルホニル−N−{3−[4−(5−メトキシ−ピリジン−3−イル)−ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ]−4−メチル−フェニル}−ベンズアミド D1:
4−メタンスルホニル−N−{4−メチル−3−[4−(5−メチル−ピリジン−3−イル)−ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ]−フェニル}−ベンズアミド E1
3−(2−フルオロ−エトキシ)−4−メタンスルホニル−N−[4−メチル−3−(4−ピリジン−3−イル−ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−フェニル]−ベンズアミド F1:
同様の方法を用いて、化合物F2〜F8を製造する。
N−(3−(4−(イソキノリン−4−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド G1:
本発明の化合物の野生型Ba/F3細胞ならびにTel c−kitキナーゼおよびTel PDGFR融合チロシンキナーゼで形質転換したBa/F3細胞の増殖の選択的阻害能を測定するためにアッセイする。さらに、本発明の化合物はMo7e細胞のSCF依存増殖を選択的に阻害する。さらに、本化合物のAbl、ARG、BCR−Abl、BRK、EphB、Fms、Fyn、KDR、c−Kit、LCK、PDGF−R、b−Raf、c−Raf、SAPK2、Src、Tie2およびTrkBキナーゼ阻害能を測定するためにアッセイする。
化合物のwt Ba/F3細胞およびTel融合チロシンキナーゼで形質転換したBa/F3細胞の増殖の阻害能を試験する。非形質転換Ba/F3細胞は、組換えIL3を含む培地中で維持する。384ウェルTCプレートに細胞を50μlの培地中5,000細胞/ウェルで播種し、0.06nM〜10μMの試験化合物を加える。次いで細胞を37℃、5%のCO2で48時間インキュベートする。細胞をインキュベートした後、製造業者の指示書に従って25μLのBRIGHT GLO(登録商標)(Promega)を各ウェルに加え、Analyst GT - ルミネッセンスモード−50000積分時間を用いてRLUでプレートを読み取る。50%阻害に必要な化合物の濃度であるIC50値を用量応答曲線から決定する。
c−kitを内因的に発現するMo7e細胞を用いて、96ウェルフォーマットで本明細書に記載の化合物をSCF依存増殖の阻害について試験する。簡潔には、ヒト組換えSCFで刺激したMo7e細胞の抗増殖活性について、2倍連続希釈した試験化合物(Cmax=10μM)を評価する。37℃で48時間インキュベーションした後、PromegaのMTT比色分析アッセイを用いて細胞生存率を測定する。
2倍濃度のc−kit酵素混合物(enzyme mix)、25ngのc−kit(5ng/μL)および2μMのビオチン−EEEPQYEEIPIYLELLP−NH2ペプチドのキナーゼバッファー(20mMのTris pH7.5、10mMのMgCl2、0.01%のBSA、0.1%のBrij35、1mMのDTT、5%のグリセロール、0.05mMのNa3VO4)アリコート(5μL)を384プロキシプレート(Packard)の各ウェルに加える。バックグラウンドレベルを確認するため、プロキシプレートの下2列のウェルは、それぞれ5μLのc−kit酵素混合物を含み、c−kitを含まない。本発明の化合物を各ウェルに加え、プレートを室温で30分間インキュベートする。キナーゼバッファー(5μL)中2倍のATP(40μM)を各ウェルに加え、プレートを室温で3時間インキュベートする。検出混合物(50%のKF、40%のキナーゼバッファー、10%のEDTA、1:100希釈したMab PT66−K(カタログ番号61T66KLB)および1:100希釈したストレプトアビジン−XL(カタログ番号611SAXLB)0(10μL)を各ウェルに加え、さらにプレートを室温で1〜2時間インキュベートする。HTRFシグナルを検出器で読み取る。
10%のFBSを補ったDMEM中で、ヒトTG−HA−VSMC細胞(ATCC)を80〜90%コンフルエンスまで増殖した後、1%のFBSと30ng/mLの組換えヒトPDGF−BBを補ったDMAM中に6e4細胞/mLで再懸濁する。次いで384ウェルプレートに50μL/ウェルで細胞を等分し、37℃で20時間インキュベートし、次いで37℃で48時間、100倍の化合物0.5μLで処理する。処理後、25uLのCellTiter-Gloを各ウェルに15分間加え、次いでプレートをCLIPR(Molecular Devices)で読み取る。
2倍濃度のPDGFRβペプチドとATP混合物(4μMのビオチン−βA−βA−βA−AEEEEYVFIEAKKKペプチド、アッセイバッファー(20mMのHepes、54mMのMgCl2、0.01%のBSA、0.05%のTween−20、1mMのDTT、10%のグリセロール、50μMのNa3VO4)中20μMのATP)のアリコート(2.5μL)を384プロキシプレート(Packard)の各ウェルに加える。該プレートを遠心分離し、本発明の化合物(50nL)をピンツールディスペンサーを介して各ウェルに加える。2倍濃度の酵素混合物(アッセイバッファー中、4.5ng/μLのPDGFRα(カタログ番号PV4117)または1.5ng/μLのPDGFRβ(カタログ番号PV3591))またはPDGFRα/β酵素を含まないアッセイバッファーのみを、各ウェルに加える(2.5μL)。プレートを室温で1.5時間インキュベートする。検出混合物(5μL;50% 1MのKF、40%のキナーゼバッファー、10%のEDTA、1:100希釈したMab PT66−K(カタログ番号61T66KLB)および1:100希釈したストレプトアビジン−XL(カタログ番号611SAXLB))を各ウェルに加え、プロキシプレートを室温で1時間インキュベートした後、検出器でHTRFシグナルを読み取る。
使用するマウス細胞系は、全長FLT3構造を過剰発現しているBa/F3マウスプロB細胞系である。ペニシリン 50μg/mL、ストレプトマイシン 50μg/mLおよびL−グルタミン 200mMを補い、マウス組換えIL3を加えたRPMI1640/10%胎児ウシ血清(RPMI/FBS)中でこれらの細胞を維持する。Ba/F3全長FLT3細胞はIL3飢餓を16時間被り、次いで384ウェルTCプレート中、25μLの培地中5,000細胞/ウェルで播種し、試験化合物0.06nM〜10μMを加える。化合物添加後、FLT3リガンドまたは細胞傷害性コントロールとしてIL3を25μl/ウェルの培地に適切な濃度で加える。次いで、細胞を37℃、5%CO2で48時間インキュベートする。細胞をインキュベートした後、製造業者の指示書に従って25μLのBRIGHT GLO(登録商標)(Promega)を各ウェルに加え、Analyst GT - ルミネッセンスモード−50000インテグレーション時間を用いてRLUでプレートを読み取る。
使用するマウス細胞系はBCR−Abl cDNA(32D−p210)で形質転換した32D造血前駆細胞系である。ペニシリン 50μg/mL、ストレプトマイシン 50μg/mLおよびL−グルタミン 200mMを補ったRPMI/10%胎児ウシ血清(RPMI/FCS)中でこれらの細胞を維持する。IL3源として培地を調節した15%WEHI調節培地を加えて、同様に非形質転換32D細胞を維持する。
96ウェルTCプレートに密度15,000細胞/ウェルで32D−p210細胞を播種する。試験化合物の2倍連続希釈(Cmaxは40μMである)50μLを各ウェルに加える(STI571はポジティブコントロールとして含まれる)。37℃、5%CO2で細胞を48時間インキュベートした後、15μLのMTT(Promega)を各ウェルに加え、細胞をさらに5時間インキュベートする。570nmの吸光度を分光光度計で測定し、50%阻害に必要な化合物の濃度であるIC50値を用量応答曲線から決定する。
6ウェルTCプレートに32D細胞および32D−p210細胞を5mLの培地中2.5×106細胞/ウェルで播種し、試験化合物を1または10μMで加える(STI571はコントロールとして含まれる)。次いで37℃、5%CO2で該細胞を24時間または48時間インキュベートする。細胞懸濁液2mLをPBSで洗浄し、70%のEtOHで1時間固定し、PBS/EDTA/RNase Aで30分間処理する。ヨウ化プロピジウム(Cf=10μg/ml)を加え、FACScalibur(商標)システム(BD Biosciences)によるフローサイトメトリーによって蛍光強度を定量する。本発明の試験化合物は、32D−p210細胞に対するアポトーシス効果を示すが、32D親細胞のアポトーシスは誘導しない。
c−abl特異的捕捉抗体と抗ホスホチロシン抗体を用いた捕捉ElisaによってBCR−Abl自己リン酸化を定量する。96ウェルTCプレートに32D−p210細胞を50μLの培地中2×105細胞/ウェルで播種する。試験化合物の2倍連続希釈(Cmaxは10μMである)50μLを各ウェルに加える(STI571はポジティブコントロールとして含まれる)。37℃、5%CO2で細胞を90分間インキュベートする。次いで、プロテアーゼおよびホスファターゼ阻害剤を含む溶解バッファー(50mMのTris HCl、pH7.4、150mMのNaCl、5mMのEDTA、1mMのEGTAおよび1%のNP40)150μLで氷上で細胞を1時間処理する。抗abl特異的抗体で予めコーティングし、ブロックした96ウェル光学プレートに50μLの細胞溶解物を加える。該プレートを4℃で4時間インキュベートする。TBS−Tween20バッファーで洗浄した後、50μLのアルカリホスファターゼ複合抗ホスホチロシン抗体を加え、該プレートを4℃でさらに一夜インキュベートする。TBS−Tween20バッファーで洗浄した後、90μLの蛍光基質を加え、Acquest(商標)(Molecular Devices)を用いて蛍光を定量する。BCR−Abl発現細胞の増殖を阻害する本発明の試験化合物は、用量依存的に細胞性BCR−Abl自己リン酸化を阻害する。
野生型またはSTI571に対する耐性を与えるか、もしくは感受性を低下させる変異形態のBCR−Abl(G250E、E255V、T315I、F317L、M351T)を発現するBa/F3細胞に対する本発明の化合物の抗増殖性効果を試験する。変異BCR−Abl発現細胞および非形質転換細胞に対するこれらの化合物の抗増殖性効果を、(IL3を含まない培地中)10、3.3、1.1および0.37μMで上記の通り試験する。非形質転換細胞に対して毒性を示さない化合物のIC50値を、上記の通りに得た用量応答曲線から決定した。
キナーゼバッファー(30mMのTris−HCl pH7.5、15mMのMgCl2、4.5mMのMnCl2、15μMのNa3VO4および50μg/mLのBSA)および基質(5μg/mLのビオチン−ポリ−EY(Glu、Tyr)(CIS-US, Inc.)および3μMのATP)中の酵素0.25μg/mLを含む最終体積10μLで、精製FGFR3(Upstate)によるキナーゼ活性アッセイを実施する。2種の溶液を調製する:第1にキナーゼバッファー中のFGFR3酵素を含む第1溶液5μLを384フォーマットProxiPlate(登録商標)(Perkin-Elmer)に分注し、次いでDMSOに溶解させた化合物50nLを加え、キナーゼバッファー中に基質(ポリ−EY)およびATPを含む第2溶液5μLを各ウェルに加えた。室温で1時間反応をインキュベートし、10μLのHTRF検出混合物(30mMのTris−HCl pH7.5、0.5MのKF、50mMのETDA、0.2mg/mLのBSA、15μg/mLのストレプトアビジン−XL665(CIS-US, Inc.)および150ng/mLのクリプテート複合抗ホスホチロシン抗体(CIS-US, Inc.)を含む)を加えて停止させる。室温で1時間インキュベートしてストレプトアビジンとビオチンを相互作用させた後、Analyst GT(Molecular Devices Corp.)で時間分解蛍光シグナルを読み取る。12種の濃度(50μMから0.28nMの1:3希釈)での各化合物の阻害率の直線回帰分析によってIC50値を計算する。このアッセイにおいて、本発明の化合物は10nM〜2μMのIC50を有する。
FGFR3細胞性キナーゼ活性に依存する形質転換されたBa/F3−TEL−FGFR3細胞増殖に対する本発明の化合物の阻害能を試験する。Ba/F3−TEL−FGFR3は、培養培地として10%の胎児ウシ血清を補ったRPMI1640の懸濁液中で800,000細胞/mLまで培養する。384ウェルフォーマットプレートに細胞を、培養培地50μL中5000細胞/ウェルで分注する。本発明の化合物はジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に溶解させ、希釈する。12点の1:3連続希釈物をDMSOで調製し、典型的には10mM〜0.05μMの濃度勾配を作製する。50nLの希釈した化合物と共に細胞を加え、細胞培養インキュベーター中で48時間インキュベートする。増殖細胞によって創出される還元環境をモニターするために使用し得るAlamarBlue(登録商標)(TREK Diagnostic Systems)を細胞に、最終濃度10%で加える。細胞培養インキュベーター中、37℃でさらに4時間インキュベートしたのち、還元されたAlamarBlue(登録商標)(励起波長530nm、放出波長580nm)由来の蛍光シグナルをAnalyst GT(Molecular Devices Corp.)で定量する。12種の濃度での各化合物の阻害率の直線回帰分析によってIC50値を計算する。
本発明の化合物のb−Raf活性阻害能について試験する。黒色壁透明底の384ウェルMaxiSorpプレート(NUNC)でアッセイを実施する。基質IκBαをDPBS(1:750)で希釈し、各ウェルに15μLを加える。該プレートを4℃で一夜インキュベートし、EMBLAプレート洗浄機を用いてTBST(25mMのTris、pH8.0、150mMのNaClおよび0.05%のTween20)で3回洗浄する。室温で3時間、Superblock(15μL/ウェル)でプレートをブロックし、TBSTで3回洗浄し、パット乾燥させる。20μMのATP(10μL)を含むアッセイバッファー、次いで100nLまたは500nLの化合物を各ウェルに加える。b−Rafをアッセイバッファー(1μLを25μLに)で希釈し、10μLの希釈したb−Rafを各ウェルに加える(0.4μg/ウェル)。該プレートを室温で2.5時間インキュベートする。TBSTで6回洗浄してキナーゼ反応を停止させる。ホスホ−IκBα(Ser32/36)抗体をSuperblock(1:10,000)で希釈し、各ウェルに15μLを加える。該プレートを4℃で一夜インキュベートし、TBSTで6回洗浄する。AP複合ヤギ抗マウスIgGをSuperblock(1:1,500)で希釈し、各ウェルに15μLを加える。該プレートを室温で1時間インキュベートし、TBSTで6回洗浄する。15μLの蛍光Attophos AP基質(Promega)を各ウェルに加え、該プレートを室温で15分間インキュベートする。AcquestまたはAnalyst GTで蛍光強度プログラム(励起波長455nm、放出波長580nm)を用いてプレートを読み取る。
本発明の化合物のMEKリン酸化阻害能について、A375細胞において試験する。A375細胞系(ATCC)はヒト黒色腫患者に由来し、B−Raf遺伝子にV599E変異を有する。B−Rafの変異によってリン酸化MEKのレベルが上昇する。サブコンフルエント乃至コンフルエントなA375細胞を、無血清培地中、37℃で2時間化合物と共にインキュベートする。次いで細胞を冷PBSで1回洗浄し、1%のTriton X100を含む溶解バッファーで溶解させる。遠心分離後、上清をSDS−PAGEに供し、次いでニトロセルロース膜に移す。該膜を抗ホスホMEK抗体(ser217/221)(Cell Signaling)によるウェスタンブロッティングに供する。ニトロセルロース膜のホスホMEKバンドの密度によってリン酸化MEKの量をモニターする。
本発明の化合物のキナーゼパネルの個々のメンバーの阻害能について評価する。この一般プロトコルに従って、最終濃度10μM、2連で化合物を試験する。キナーゼバッファー組成物と基質は“Upstate Kinase Profiler(商標)”パネルに含まれる多様なキナーゼについて変化する。キナーゼバッファー(2.5μL、所望により10倍のMnCl2)、活性キナーゼ(0.001〜0.01単位;2.5μL)、キナーゼバッファー中の特異的またはポリ(Glu4−Tyr)ペプチド(5〜500μMまたは.01mg/ml)およびキナーゼバッファー(50μM;5μL)を氷上でエッペンドルフ内で混合する。Mg/ATP混合物(10μL;67.5(または33.75)mMのMgCl2、450(または225)μMのATPおよび1μCi/μlの[γ−32P]−ATP(3000Ci/mmol))を加え、反応を約30℃で約10分間インキュベートする。2cm×2cmのP81(リンセルロース、正に荷電したペプチド基質について)または四角のWhatman No. 1(ポリ(Glu4−Tyr)ペプチド基質について)紙に反応混合物をスポットする(20μL)。アッセイ四角片を0.75%のリン酸で4回、それぞれ5分間洗浄し、アセトンで1回、5分間洗浄する。アッセイ四角片をシンチレーションバイアルに移し、5mlのシンチレーションカクテルを加え、Beckmanシンチレーションカウンターでペプチド基質への32P取り込み(cpm)を定量する。阻害率を各反応について計算する。
Claims (31)
- 式I:
Lは−NC(O)−、−NC(O)N−および−C(O)N−から選択され;
R1、R2aおよびR2bはそれぞれ独立して、水素、ヒドロキシ、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキル、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルキル、−NR10R11、−OX1R8から選択され;ここでX1は結合およびC1−4アルキレンから選択され;R8はC3−12シクロアルキルであり;あるいはR1とR2aまたはR1とR2bは、R1およびR2aまたはR2bが結合している炭素原子と一体となって、フェニルを形成し;R10およびR11は水素、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルキル、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキル、C1−10ヘテロアリールから独立して選択されるか;あるいはR10とR11は、R10およびR11の両方が結合している窒素と一体となって、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキルまたはC1−10ヘテロアリールを形成し;
R3、R4、R5、R6およびR7は、水素、ハロ、シアノ、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−6アルコキシ、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキル、−OX2R9、−S(O)0−2R9および−NR12R13から独立して選択され;ここでX2は結合およびC1−4アルキレンから選択され;R9はそれぞれ独立して、水素、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、C3−12シクロアルキル、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキルおよび−NR12R13から選択され;ここでR9のシクロアルキルまたはヘテロシクロアルキルは所望により、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−6アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−6アルキルおよび−NR12R13から独立して選択される1〜3個の基で置換されていてもよく;ここでR12およびR13は、水素およびC1−6アルキルから独立して選択されるか;あるいはR4とR5はR4およびR5が結合している炭素原子と一体となって、C3−8ヘテロアリールを形成する;
ただし、R3、R4、R5、R6またはR7の少なくとも1個がR3、R4、R5、R6およびR7が結合している式Iのフェニル環と直接結合した硫黄を有する〕
の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。 - Lが−NC(O)−および−C(O)N−から選択され;R1、R2aおよびR2bが水素、ヒドロキシ、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキル、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルキル、−NR10R11、−OX1R8から独立して選択され;ここでX1が結合およびC1−4アルキレンから選択され;R8がC3−12シクロアルキルであり;あるいはR1とR2は、R1およびR2aが結合している炭素原子と一体となってフェニルを形成し;R10およびR11が水素、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−4アルキル、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキル、C1−10ヘテロアリールから独立して選択されるか;あるいはR10とR11は、R10およびR11の両方が結合している窒素と一体となってC3−8ヘテロシクロアルキルまたはC1−10ヘテロアリールを形成し;
R3およびR7が水素およびハロから独立して選択され;
R4およびR6が水素、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−6アルコキシ、−S(O)0−2R9から独立して選択され;そして
R5がハロ、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロ置換−C1−6アルコキシ、C3−8ヘテロシクロアルキル、−OX2R9および−S(O)0−2R9から選択され;ここでX2が結合およびC1−4アルキレンから選択され;R9がそれぞれ独立して水素、C1−6アルキル、C3−12シクロアルキルおよびC3−8ヘテロシクロアルキルから選択され;ここでR9のシクロアルキルまたはヘテロシクロアルキルが所望により、C1−6アルキルおよびハロ置換−C1−6アルキルから独立して選択される1〜3個の基で置換されていてもよく;あるいはR4とR5はR4およびR5が結合している炭素原子と一体となってC3−8ヘテロアリールを形成する;ただし、R3、R4、R5、R6またはR7の少なくとも1個がフェニル環と直接結合した硫黄を有する、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - R1が水素、ヒドロキシ、ピロリジニル、モルホリノ、メトキシ、ジフルオロ−メトキシ、2−フルオロ−エトキシおよびメチルから選択されるか;あるいはR1とR2aは、R1およびR2aが結合している炭素原子と一体となって、フェニルを形成する、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- R4およびR6が水素、メチル−スルホニル、メチル、2−フルオロ−エトキシ、メチル−ピペラジニル−スルホニル、プロポキシ、イソブトキシ、2,2,2−トリフルオロエトキシ、2,3−ジフルオロ−2−(フルオロメチル)プロポキシ、ブトキシおよびシクロプロピル−メトキシから独立して選択され;R5が水素、ハロ、メチル−スルホニル、メチル、メトキシ、エトキシおよびモルホリノから選択されるか;あるいはR4とR5は、R4およびR5が結合している炭素原子と一体となってチアゾリルを形成する、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;4−クロロ−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)ベンゾ[d]チアゾール−6−カルボキサミド;2−クロロ−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;3−メチル−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;4−メチル−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;4−エトキシ−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(5−モルホリノピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(5−(ピロリジン−1−イル)ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニル)−4−モルホリノベンズアミド;N−(3−(4−(5−メトキシピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(3−(4−(5−(2−フルオロエトキシ)ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(3−(4−(5−(シクロプロピルメトキシ)ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(5−メチルピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;3−(2−フルオロエトキシ)−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)−3−プロポキシベンズアミド;3−メトキシ−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;3−ブトキシ−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;3−(シクロプロピルメトキシ)−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(3−(4−(イソキノリン−4−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;4−メトキシ−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−アミノ)フェニル)−3−(メチルスルホニルベンズアミド);N−(3−(4−(5−(ジフルオロメトキシ)ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−3−(4−メチルピペラジン−1−イルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(3−(4−(5−ヒドロキシピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)−4−メチルフェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;3−イソブトキシ−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド;N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)−3−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエトキシ)ベンズアミド;および3−(2,3−ジフルオロ−2−(フルオロメチル)プロポキシ)−N−(4−メチル−3−(4−(ピリジン−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イルアミノ)フェニル)−4−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミドから選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 治療上有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物と薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤が非経腸投与に適している、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤が経口投与に適している、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- キナーゼ活性を調節する方法であって、それを必要とする系または対象に、請求項1に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩もしくは医薬組成物を投与して、当該キナーゼ活性を調節することを含む方法。
- キナーゼがc−kit、PDGFRαおよびPDGFRβから選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- キナーゼがc−kit、Abl、Lyn、MAPK14、PDGFRα、PDGFRβ、ARG、BCR−Abl、BRK、EphB、Fms、Fyn、KDR、LCK、PDGF−R、b−Raf、c−Raf、SAPK2、Src、Tie2およびTrkBまたはそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物がc−kit、PDGFRαおよび/またはPDGFRβキナーゼ受容体と直接接触する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 接触がインビトロまたはインビボで生じる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- キナーゼ活性の調節によって疾患または状態の病理および/または症状が予防、阻害または改善され得る疾患または状態を処置する方法であって、治療上有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩もしくは医薬組成物および所望により治療上有効量の第2薬剤を対象に投与することを含む方法。
- キナーゼがc−kit、PDGFRαおよびPDGFRβキナーゼ受容体から選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 第2薬剤が気管支拡張剤、抗炎症剤、ロイコトリエンアンタゴニストまたはIgEブロッカーである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物が第2薬剤の前、それと同時またはそれの後に投与される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 疾患または状態が新生物性障害、アレルギー性障害、炎症性障害、自己免疫障害、マラリア原虫関連疾患、マスト細胞関連疾患、移植片対宿主病、メタボリック症候群、CNS関連障害、神経変性障害、疼痛状態、薬物乱用障害、プリオン病、がん、心臓疾患、線維症、特発性動脈性高血圧、強皮症および原発性肺高血圧から選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 新生物性障害が肥満細胞症、消化管間質腫瘍、小細胞肺がん、非小細胞肺がん、急性骨髄性白血病、急性リンパ性白血病、骨髄異形成症候群、慢性骨髄性白血病、結直腸がん、胃がん、精巣がん、グリア芽腫および星状細胞腫から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- アレルギー性障害が喘息、アレルギー性鼻炎、アレルギー性副鼻腔炎、アナフィラキシー症候群、じんま疹、血管浮腫、アトピー性皮膚炎、アレルギー性接触性皮膚炎、結節性紅斑、多形性(multifonne)紅斑、皮膚壊死性細静脈炎、刺虫性皮膚炎症および吸血寄生虫感染症から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 炎症性障害がリウマチ様関節炎、結膜炎、リウマチ様脊椎炎、骨関節炎および痛風性関節炎から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 自己免疫障害が多発性硬化症、乾癬、炎症性腸疾患、過敏性腸症候群、過敏性腸疾患、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、リウマチ様関節炎、多発性関節炎、局所性または全身性強皮症、全身性エリテマトーデス、円板状エリテマトーデス、皮膚狼瘡、皮膚筋炎、多発性筋炎、シェーグレン症候群、結節性汎動脈炎、自己免疫性腸疾患および増殖性糸球体腎炎から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 移植片対宿主病が臓器移植片拒絶である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 臓器移植が腎臓移植、膵臓移植、肝臓移植、心臓移植、肺移植および骨髄移植から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
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- 線維症がC型肝炎、肝臓線維症、心臓線維症、非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎、肝硬変、肺線維症および骨髄線維症から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
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JP2013542967A (ja) * | 2010-11-17 | 2013-11-28 | ノバルティス アーゲー | 3−(アミノアリール)−ピリジン化合物 |
JP2016509591A (ja) * | 2012-12-27 | 2016-03-31 | ドレクセル ユニバーシティ | Hbv感染に対する新規抗ウイルス剤 |
JP2019513129A (ja) * | 2016-03-07 | 2019-05-23 | エナンタ ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | B型肝炎抗ウイルス剤 |
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EA200901486A1 (ru) | 2010-06-30 |
EP2152688A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
US20100234406A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
JP5160637B2 (ja) | 2013-03-13 |
KR101145520B1 (ko) | 2012-05-16 |
AU2008247442B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
KR20090130427A (ko) | 2009-12-23 |
CA2686382C (en) | 2013-09-17 |
WO2008137794A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
CA2686382A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
AU2008247442A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
EA019524B1 (ru) | 2014-04-30 |
CN101720322A (zh) | 2010-06-02 |
BRPI0811516A2 (pt) | 2014-11-18 |
MX2009011951A (es) | 2009-12-11 |
US8338417B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
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