JP2010506037A - ファルネサン及びファルネサン誘導体を含む燃料組成物、並びにその製造及び使用方法 - Google Patents
ファルネサン及びファルネサン誘導体を含む燃料組成物、並びにその製造及び使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010506037A JP2010506037A JP2009532447A JP2009532447A JP2010506037A JP 2010506037 A JP2010506037 A JP 2010506037A JP 2009532447 A JP2009532447 A JP 2009532447A JP 2009532447 A JP2009532447 A JP 2009532447A JP 2010506037 A JP2010506037 A JP 2010506037A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は、2006年10月10日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/850,881号及び2006年11月21日出願の第60/860,854号の米国特許法第119条(e)に基づく利益を主張するものであり、そのすべては引用により本明細書にその全体が組み込まれている。
本発明は、とりわけ、ディーゼル燃料及びジェット燃料などの燃料組成物を包含する。詳細には、本発明は、ファルネサンを含む燃料組成物、並びに該燃料組成物の製造及び使用方法を包含する。ある実施態様では、本発明は、少なくとも一部は微生物から容易に効率よく生成されるファルネサンを含む安定した燃料組成物を包含する。ある実施態様では、本発明は、生体工学によって作られたファルネサンを高濃度で含む燃料組成物を包含する。
生物学的に生成された燃料(「生物燃料」)は、上昇する石油価格、逼迫した供給制約、及び増加する地球規模の二酸化炭素排出に対する懸念のために、ここ数十年の間かなり注目されている。石油及び石炭などの再生不可能な天然のエネルギー源と対照的に、生物燃料は再生可能な天然源、一般的に生物及びそれらの代謝副産物に由来する。
本明細書で、イソプレノイド又はそれらの誘導体を含む燃料組成物、燃料成分又は燃料添加剤、並びにその製造及び使用方法が提供される。これらの組成物の実施態様は、前述の必要性を満たすと考えられる。より具体的には、イソプレノイド及びそれらの誘導体は、燃料組成物の燃料成分として用いることができる。ある実施態様では、イソプレノイド又はそれらの誘導体は、燃料組成物自体として、燃料組成物の主要成分として、又は燃料組成物の少量成分として用いることができる。イソプレノイド及びそれらの誘導体は、生体工学によって作られた微生物を含む微生物から製造することができる。本明細書で開示される燃料組成物は、ガソリンエンジン、ディーゼルエンジン及びジェットエンジンなどの内燃機関の燃料として用いることができる。
ASTM Internationalによって発行されているASTM D975規格は、米国で用いられるディーゼル燃料の種々の等級について、ある最小限の受入れ要件を設定する。例えば、超低硫黄ディーゼル燃料等級No.2-Dは、0.05重量%の最大硫黄含有量(ASTM D2622試験に基づく)、0.01重量%の最大灰分(ASTM D482試験に基づく)、40の最低セタン価(ASTM D6079試験に基づく)、1.9cStから2.4cStの40℃における粘度(ASTM D445試験に基づく)及び52℃の最低引火点を有すると予想される。日本及びヨーロッパは、ディーゼル燃料の同等の等級について、米国のものに類似したディーゼル燃料規格を有する。例えば、日本のJIS K 2204、等級No.2のディーゼル燃料は、2.0cStの40℃における最低粘度、0.05重量%の最大硫黄含有量及び45の最低セタン価を有すると予想される。比較すると、ヨーロッパのCEN 590、等級A〜Fのディーゼル燃料は、2.0cStから4.5cStの40℃における粘度、0.05重量%の最大硫黄含有量及び49の最低セタン価を有すると予想される。一部の実施態様では、本明細書で開示される燃料組成物は、上記の特性の少なくとも1つ又はすべてを満たす。
本発明の実施態様は、主要又は少量の燃料成分として、1つ以上のC15イソプレノイド化合物を含む燃料組成物を提供する。本明細書で、任意のC15イソプレノイド化合物を用いることができる。一部の実施態様では、C15イソプレノイド化合物のそれぞれは、式:
(a)式
(b)従来の燃料成分;及び
(c)燃料添加剤;
を含む燃料組成物が提供され、上式で、ZはH、O-R又はO-C(=O)Rであり;かつRはH、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、アルカリール又はアラルキルであり;該イソプレノイド化合物の量は少なくとも約1容量%であり、かつ該従来の燃料成分の量は少なくとも約5容量%であり、両方の量は該燃料組成物の全容量に基づき;及び該燃料組成物は38℃以上の引火点を有し、かつ約100℃から約200℃の初留点を有する。
(a)式
(b)従来の燃料成分;及び
(c)燃料添加剤;
を有する燃料組成物が提供され、上式で、ZはH、O-R又はO-C(=O)Rであり;かつRはH、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、アルカリール又はアラルキルであり;該イソプレノイド化合物の量は少なくとも約5容量%であり、かつ該従来の燃料成分の量は少なくとも約5容量%であり、両方の量は該燃料組成物の全容量に基づき;及び該燃料組成物は38℃以上の引火点を有し、かつ約100℃から約200℃の初留点を有する。
(a)少なくとも約1容量%の量のC20炭化水素;及び
(b)少なくとも約1容量%の量の式
(a)少なくとも約1容量%の量のC20炭化水素;及び
(b)少なくとも約5容量%の量の式
a)生物供給源からC15イソプレノイド出発物質を得ることと、
b)化学合成を用いてC15イソプレノイド出発物質を該化合物に変換することと
を含む。
a)生物供給源からC15イソプレノイド出発物質を得ることと、
b)化学合成を用いて該C15イソプレノイド出発物質を該化合物に変換することと
によって製造される。
a)生物供給源からC15イソプレノイド出発物質を得ることと、
b)化学合成を用いてC15イソプレノイド出発物質を変換して式
から生成される生物燃料が提供され、上式で、ZはH、O-R又はO-C(=O)Rであり;かつRはH、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、アルカリール又はアラルキルである。
a)C15イソプレノイド出発物質を製造することができる細胞を、該C15イソプレノイド出発物質を製造するのに適する条件下で単純糖と接触させることと;
b)該C15イソプレノイド出発物質を水素化して水素化C15イソプレノイド化合物を形成することと;
c)該水素化C15イソプレノイド化合物を1つ以上の燃料成分又は燃料添加剤と混合して該燃料組成物を製造することと
を含む方法が提供される。
a)C15イソプレノイド出発物質を製造することができる細胞を、該C15イソプレノイド出発物質を製造するのに適する条件下で非発酵性炭素源と接触させることと;
b)該C15イソプレノイド出発物質を水素化して水素化C15イソプレノイド化合物を形成することと;
c)該水素化C15イソプレノイド化合物を1つ以上の燃料成分又は燃料添加剤と混合して該燃料組成物を製造することと
を含む方法が提供される。
C15イソプレノイド出発物質は、生物学的方法、化学合成(生物学的に誘導された物質を使用しない)、並びに生物学的及び化学的手段を用いるハイブリッド方法を含む、当技術分野で公知である任意の方法によって製造することができる。C15イソプレノイド出発物質が生物学的に製造される場合、1つの方法は、所望の生成物を生成するように修飾された宿主細胞の使用を含む。すべてのイソプレノイド類と同様に、C15イソプレノイド出発物質は、一般的な中間体、イソペンテニル二リン酸(「IPP」)を通して生化学的に製造される。
IPP及びその異性体、ジメチルアリルピロリン酸(「DMAPP」)を合成する、2つの既知の生合成経路がある。植物以外の真核生物は、メバロン酸依存性(「MEV」)イソプレノイド経路のみを用いて、アセチル補酵素A(「アセチルCoA」)を、後にDMAPPに異性化されるIPPに変換する。原核生物は、一部の例外を除き、メバロン酸非依存性又はデオキシキシルロース5-リン酸(「DXP」)の経路を用いて、分岐点を通してIPP及びDMAPPを別々に生成する。一般に、植物はIPP合成のためにMEV及びDXP経路の両方を用いる。
MEV経路の略図を、図1に示す。一般に、本経路は6つの段階を含む。
DXP経路の略図を、図2に示す。一般に、DXP経路は、7つの段階を含む。第1段階では、ピルベートをD-グリセルアルデヒド3-リン酸と縮合させて、1-デオキシ-D-キシルロース-5-リン酸を製造する。この段階を触媒することが知られている酵素は、例えば、1-デオキシ-D-キシルロース-5-リン酸合成酵素である。そのような酵素をコードするヌクレオチド配列のそれらに限定されないいくつかの例には、(AF035440;大腸菌)、(NC_002947、遺伝子座タグPP0527;シュードモナス・プチダ(Pseudomonas putida)KT2440)、(CP000026、遺伝子座タグSPA2301;サルモネラ・エンテリカ・パラチフィ(Salmonella enterica Paratyphi)、ATCC 9150を参照)、(NC_007493、遺伝子座タグRSP_0254;ロドバクター・スフェロイデス(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)2.4.1)、(NC_005296、遺伝子座タグRPA0952;ロドシュードモナス・パルストリス(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)CGA009)、(NC_004556、遺伝子座タグPD1293;キシレラ・ファスチディオサ・テメクラール(Xylella fastidiosa Temeculal))及び(NC_003076、遺伝子座タグAT5G11380;シロイヌナズナ)が含まれる。
IPPと同様に、ファルネシルピロリン酸(「FPP」)も生物学的に製造することができる。一般に、IPPの2つの分子及びDMAPPの1つの分子が縮合されてFPPを形成する。一部の実施態様では、本反応は、この段階を触媒することが知られている酵素、例えばファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素によって触媒することができる。
その構造が
その構造が
その構造が
その構造が
コパイフェラ・ラングスドルフィー又はコパイフェラ樹は、ディーゼル樹及び灯油樹としても知られる。それは、kupa'y、cabismo及びcopauvaを含む、地方言語による多くの名称を有する。コパイフェラ樹は、その木部及び葉で、大量のテルペン炭化水素を生成することができる。一般に、1本のコパイフェラ樹木は、1年に約30から約40リットルのテルペン油を生成することができる。
本明細書で開示される燃料組成物の燃料成分は、
本明細書で開示される燃料組成物は、費用効果が高くて環境にやさしい方法で生成することができる。有利には、本明細書で提供されるイソプレノイド化合物は、1つ以上の微生物によって生成することができる。したがって、これらのイソプレノイド化合物は、ディーゼル又はジェット燃料のための再生可能なエネルギー源、特に本明細書で提供される燃料組成物を提供することができる。さらに、これらのイソプレノイド化合物は、燃料、燃料成分及び/又は燃料添加剤の再生不可能な源に対する依存を低下させることができる。ある実施態様では、本発明は、生体工学によって作られたファルネサンを含む燃料組成物を包含する。
この実施例は、オペロンで構成された酵母由来のMEV経路の酵素を含む酵素をコードする、発現プラスミドの作製方法を記載する。
この実施例は、オペロンで構成された黄色ブドウ球菌由来のMEV経路の酵素を含む酵素をコードする、発現ベクターの作製方法を記載する。
この実施例は、オペロンで構成された大腸菌由来のDXP経路の酵素を含む酵素をコードする、発現プラスミドの作製方法を記載する。
この実施例は、MEV経路の酵素を含む酵素をコードする核酸の、酵母の特定の染色体位置への目標を定めた組込みのためのベクターの作製方法を記載する。
この実施例は、FPPを変換する酵素をコードする発現プラスミドの作製方法を記載する。
この実施例は、本発明で有用な大腸菌宿主株の生成を記載する。
この実施例は、本発明で有用な酵母株の生成を記載する。
この実施例は、大腸菌宿主株におけるMEV経路を経たα-ファルネセン及びβ-ファルネセンの生成を記載する。
この実施例は、大腸菌宿主株におけるDXP経路を経たβ-ファルネセンの生成を記載する。
この実施例は、酵母宿主株におけるα-ファルネセン及びβ-ファルネセンの生成を記載する。
この実施例は、有酸素、窒素制限、フェドバッチ培養での、大腸菌宿主株におけるβ-ファルネセンの生成を記載する。
この実施例は、大腸菌宿主株の培養内のβ-ファルネセンの分布の判定を記載する。
この実施例は、α-ファルネセンのファルネサンへの水素化を記載する。
α-ファルネセン(204g、1モル、255mL)を、10% Pd/C(5g、α-ファルネセンの5重量%)を含む500mL Parr高圧容器に加えた。反応容器を密封し、室減圧下で5分間排気させ、その後、25℃で反応混合液を35psiまでH2で加圧した。H2圧のさらなる低下が観察されなくなるまで(約16時間)、反応混合液を振盪した。室減圧下で余分なH2ガスを除去し、その後、N2雰囲気に換気した。薄層クロマトグラフィー(「TLC」、Rf=0.95、ヘキサン、p-アニスアルデヒド染色又はヨウ素)は、反応体の完全な消滅を示した。反応内容物をシリカゲル(60
この実施例は、3,7,11-トリメチルドデカン-2,6,10-トリエン-1-オール又はファルネソールの3,7,11-トリメチルドデカン-1-オールへの水素化を記載する。
この実施例は、3,7,11-トリメチルドデカン-1-オールからの3,7,11-トリメチルドデシル酢酸の合成を記載する。
この実施例は、微生物由来のβ-ファルネセンのファルネサンへの水素化を記載する。
β-ファルネセン(5.014gのKJF-41-120-05及びKJF-41-120-06)を500mLのガラス製圧フラスコに入れ、そこに、10%パラジウム/炭素(Sigma-Aldrich #205699-50G)101mgを加えた。フラスコを10分間排気させ、次に、振盪しながら水素(Airgas UHP)で55psiまで加圧した。8分後、水素が枯渇したので容器を水素で53psiに加圧したが、水素は16分で枯渇した。振盪を停止し、48時間にわたって53psiの4L水素シリンダーにフラスコを開放した。Fene-Fane-Split100法を用いるGC/MS分析は反応が不完全であることを示したので、フラスコを52psiまで加圧して一晩振盪した。次の数日間圧が48psi未満に下がったとき、反応を48psiまで再チャージした。反応がまだ不完全であることをGC/MS分析が示した場合、同じパラジウム/炭素のさらなる101mgを加え、反応を48psiまで再びチャージした。17分後、水素が枯渇したので、それを48psiまでチャージした。次の数日間圧が48psi未満に下がったとき、反応が完全であることをGC/MS分析が示すまで、反応を48psiまで再チャージした。フリット化漏斗上のシリカゲルろ過材を用いて触媒をろ過除去し、無色の油1.47gを生じた。GC/FIDを用いた生成物の分析は、99.42%の生成物純度を示した。
この実施例は、β-ファルネセンのファルネサンへの大規模水素化を記載する。
2ガロンのリアクターに、4kg(4.65L=1.23ガロン)の液体ファルネセンと、24gの10重量% Pd/C(乾燥)触媒を加えた。これは、5.16g/Lの初期触媒負荷量を与えた。容器を密封し、窒素ガスでパージし、次に減圧下で排気させた。攪拌を開始し、圧縮水素ガスを100psigで連続的に加えた。リアクターを80℃に加熱した。23時間後に、分析のために試料を採取した。GC-FIDを用いて、ファルネサン濃度は45.87%と測定された。さらに4時間後、第2の試料を採取して分析した。GC-FIDを用いて、ファルネサン濃度は47%と測定された。リアクターを冷却、開放し、10gの10重量% Pd/C(乾燥)触媒を加えた(合計34g)。リアクターを上記の反応条件に戻した。〜24時間後に、第3の試料を採取して分析した。GC-FIDを用いて、ファルネサン濃度は67.86%と測定された。リアクターを冷却、開放し、24gの10重量% Pd/C(乾燥)触媒を加えた(合計58g)。リアクターを上記の反応条件に戻した。〜24時間後に、第4の試料を採取して分析した。GC-FIDを用いて、ファルネサン濃度は97.27%と測定された。リアクターを冷却、開放し、10gの10重量% Pd/C(乾燥)触媒を加えた(合計68g)。リアクターを上記の反応条件に戻した。〜24時間後に、第5及び最終の試料を採取して分析した。GC-FIDを用いて、ファルネサンの最終濃度は99.71%と測定された。リアクターを冷却、排気及び開放させた。次に、反応混合液を0.5ミクロンフィルターカートリッジに通してろ過し、2つの1ガロンガラス瓶に入れた。全反応時間は、約96時間であった。
この実施例は、90%の超低硫黄ディーゼル(ASTM D975規格を満たすディーゼルNo.2)、並びに3,7,11-トリメチルドデシル酢酸及びファルネサンを含んでいる10%の混合物を調合した混合物の特性を記載する。本混合物は、主に3,7,11-トリメチルドデシル酢酸を含み、ファルネサンは少量存在する。
この実施例は、Whitting、Indiana(インディアナ)州のBP精油所又はCarson、California(カリフォルニア)州のBP精油所から得られた超低硫黄ディーゼルでの、様々な量のファルネサンの試験を記載する。BP Carson精油所からのディーゼルは、California(カリフォルニア)州で使用するためのCalifornia Air Resources Boardの要件を満たすCARB燃料である。精油所では一般に潤滑剤がCARB燃料に加えられるが、このCARB燃料試料は、潤滑剤が加えられる前に得られた。図9及び10は、精油所からのディーゼル燃料と混合した様々な量のファルネサンの試験データを示す。図11A〜Bは、試験した様々な燃料及び混合物の蒸留プロフィールを示す。
この実施例は、石油ディーゼル、即ち数千個の個々の化合物の複合混合物で天然に見られるファルネサンの量の判定を記載する。これらの化合物のほとんどはC10〜C22炭化水素であり、一般に、パラフィン、ナフテン及び芳香族化合物である。
この実施例は、BP Whiting精油所からのディーゼル又はBP Carson精油所からのCARBディーゼルとのファルネサンの混合物への、潤滑強化剤の添加を記載する。
Claims (61)
- T90蒸留温度が約282℃から約338℃である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記イソプレノイド化合物の量が前記燃料組成物の全重量に基づき約5重量%から約90重量%である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記イソプレノイド化合物の量が、前記燃料組成物の全重量に基づき少なくとも10重量%である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記イソプレノイド化合物の量が、前記燃料組成物の全重量に基づき少なくとも20重量%である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記イソプレノイド化合物の量が、前記燃料組成物の全重量に基づき少なくとも50重量%である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物が、該燃料組成物の全重量に基づき20ppm未満の硫黄含有量を有する、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物が、該燃料組成物の全容量に基づき20容量%未満の芳香族含有量を有する、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物が、100℃を超える初留点を有する、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物が200℃を超える終留点を有する、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物が100℃と150℃の間の初留点及び300℃を超える終留点を有する、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料成分が石油又は石炭に由来する、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料成分がディーゼル燃料、ジェット燃料、灯油、ガソリン又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項12記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料成分が留出ディーゼル燃料を含み、該留出ディーゼル燃料の量が前記燃料組成物の全重量に基づき少なくとも10重量%である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 燃料添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料添加剤が、潤滑性向上剤、抗酸化剤、熱安定性向上剤、セタン向上剤、安定剤、コールドフロー向上剤、助燃剤、泡止め剤、濁り防止添加剤、腐食抑制剤、アイシング抑制剤、噴射器清浄添加剤、煙抑制剤、ドラッギング低減添加剤、金属活性低下剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、デマルシファイアー、色素、マーカー、静電放散剤、殺生物剤及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項15記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料添加剤が潤滑性向上剤である、請求項15記載の燃料組成物。
- RがC1〜C3アルキルである、請求項18記載の燃料組成物。
- Rがメチルである、請求項19記載の燃料組成物。
- 燃料添加剤をさらに含む、請求項22記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料添加剤が、潤滑性向上剤、抗酸化剤、熱安定性向上剤、セタン向上剤、安定剤、コールドフロー向上剤、助燃剤、泡止め剤、濁り防止添加剤、腐食抑制剤、アイシング抑制剤、噴射器清浄添加剤、煙抑制剤、ドラッギング低減添加剤、金属活性低下剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、デマルシファイアー、色素、マーカー、静電放散剤、殺生物剤及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項23記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料成分がジェット燃料である、請求項22記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料成分がディーゼル燃料である、請求項22記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記ディーゼル燃料が留出ディーゼル燃料である、請求項22記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記イソプレノイド化合物が式(IV)であり、式中RはC1〜C3アルキルである、請求項28記載の燃料組成物。
- Rがメチルである、請求項29記載の燃料組成物。
- T90蒸留温度が約282℃から約338℃である、請求項31記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記イソプレノイド化合物の量が前記燃料組成物の全重量に基づき約5重量%から約90重量%である、請求項31記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記イソプレノイド化合物がC15イソプレノイド出発物質から化学的に変換される、請求項31記載の製造方法。
- 前記燃料組成物が、該燃料組成物の全重量に基づき20ppm未満の硫黄含有量を有する、請求項31記載の製造方法。
- 式(I)又は(II)の前記イソプレノイド化合物がC15イソプレノイド出発物質から化学的に変換される、請求項37記載の製造方法。
- 前記C15イソプレノイド出発物質が生物供給源から得られる、請求項38記載の製造方法。
- RがC1〜C3アルキルである、請求項40記載の製造方法。
- Rがメチルである、請求項41記載の製造方法。
- RがC1〜C3アルキルである、請求項43記載の製造方法。
- Rがメチルである、請求項44記載の製造方法。
- 前記燃料添加剤及び前記イソプレノイド化合物を燃料成分と混合することをさらに含む、請求項37記載の方法。
- 前記燃料成分が留出ディーゼル燃料である、請求項46記載の製造方法。
- 請求項37記載の方法によって製造される燃料。
- 内燃機関;該内燃機関に連結される燃料タンク;及び該燃料タンク内の請求項1記載の燃料組成物;を含む乗物であって、該燃料組成物が該内燃機関を動かすために用いられる、前記乗物。
- 前記内燃機関がディーゼルエンジンである、請求項50記載の乗物。
- 前記燃料組成物の沸点が282℃から338℃である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物の沸点が140℃から320℃である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物の沸点が約200℃未満である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 請求項1記載の燃料組成物を燃焼させるステップを含む、エンジンを動かす方法。
- 燃料成分及び生体工学によって作られたC15イソプレノイド化合物を含む燃料組成物。
- 微生物を用いてファルネセンを調製し、該ファルネセンからファルネサンを調製し、及び該ファルネサンから燃料組成物を調製することによって製造される燃料組成物。
- 単純糖から誘導される燃料成分を含む燃料組成物。
- 前記単純糖がグルコース、ガラクトース、マンノース、フルクトース、リボース又はそれらの組合せである、請求項58記載の燃料組成物。
- 単純糖から燃料組成物を製造する方法であって、
(a)C15イソプレノイド出発物質を製造することができる細胞を、該C15イソプレノイド出発物質を製造するのに適する条件下で該単純糖と接触させるステップと;
(b)該C15イソプレノイド出発物質を水素化して水素化C15イソプレノイド化合物を形成するステップと;
(c)該水素化C15イソプレノイド化合物を1つ以上の燃料成分又は燃料添加剤と混合して該燃料組成物を製造するステップと
を含む、前記製造方法。 - 前記単純糖がグルコース、ガラクトース、マンノース、フルクトース、リボース又はそれらの組合せである、請求項60記載の製造方法。
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BRPI0719659A8 (pt) | 2016-01-12 |
AU2007308137A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
WO2008045555A3 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
GT200900078A (es) | 2010-12-27 |
US7399323B2 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
AU2007308137B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
CA2665198A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
HK1127510A1 (zh) | 2009-09-25 |
HN2009000616A (es) | 2011-07-22 |
US20080083158A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
KR101543777B1 (ko) | 2015-08-11 |
JP5528110B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
KR20090079926A (ko) | 2009-07-22 |
EP2084249B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
BRPI0719659A2 (pt) | 2014-04-22 |
SV2009003208A (es) | 2009-11-04 |
US7846222B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
WO2008045555A2 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
US20080098645A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
EP2084249A4 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
CA2665198C (en) | 2016-06-28 |
SG151535A1 (en) | 2009-05-29 |
MY145076A (en) | 2011-12-15 |
MX2009003715A (es) | 2009-04-22 |
NI200900047A (es) | 2010-02-01 |
CO6170371A2 (es) | 2010-06-18 |
WO2008045555A9 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
EP2084249A2 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
BRPI0719659B1 (pt) | 2020-03-17 |
MX285041B (es) | 2011-03-25 |
BRPI0719659B8 (pt) | 2020-04-07 |
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