JP2010502435A - 液体からイオン種を除去するための非ファラデー式システム、装置及び方法 - Google Patents
液体からイオン種を除去するための非ファラデー式システム、装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/34—Energy carriers
- B01D2313/345—Electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
- C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
- C02F2001/46161—Porous electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4616—Power supply
- C02F2201/46175—Electrical pulses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】 図2
Description
B− = A + e−
ここで、B−はその還元状態にある物質であり、Aはその酸化状態にある物質である。他の例として次のものがある。
2Cl− = Cl2 + 2e−
2H+ + 2e− = H2。
q = cv
ここで、qは電荷であり、cは静電容量であり、vは電圧である。この式によると、静電容量が大きければ電圧は最小になり、逆に静電容量が小さければ電圧は最大になる。
Claims (26)
- イオン種除去システムであって、電源装置、当該システムを通して液体を輸送するポンプ及び各々が導電性多孔質部分を含む複数の多孔質電極を備えるシステム。
- 前記多孔質電極が、非ファラデープロセスを介して液体からイオン種を除去するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが逆電気透析システムである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが電気透析システムである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 予めろ過された希薄及び濃縮部分をそれぞれ前記複数の多孔質電極を通して輸送する希薄ストリームライン及び濃縮ストリームラインを含む、請求項4記載のシステム。
- 前記多孔質部分の各々の表面積が10〜10000m2/gの範囲である、請求項1記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記多孔質部分に近接して基体を含んでおり、前記基体がプレート、メッシュ、フォイル及びシートからなる群のいずれかである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記基体が、ステンレススチール、グラファイト、チタン及び導電性プラスチックからなる群の材料で形成されている、請求項7記載のシステム。
- 前記基体が、導電性コーティングで被覆された非導電性材料で形成されている、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 前記導電性コーティングが白金、ロジウム、イリジウム又はこれらの合金からなる、請求項9記載のシステム。
- 前記多孔質部分が、カーボン、カーボンナノチューブ、グラファイト、カーボンファイバー、カーボンクロス、カーボンエーロゲル、金属粉末、金属酸化物、導電性ポリマー及びこれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される電極材料からなる、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記電源装置が、DC電源装置、AC電源装置、短い持続時間のパルス電流を有するDC電源装置又は短い持続時間のパルス電流を有するAC電源装置である、請求項1記載のシステム。
- システムが、浄水、廃水処理、鉱物除去、製薬、並びに食品及び飲料プロセスで使用するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 電極材料を含むスラリーを形成し、
このスラリーを基体上に塗布する
ことを含んでなる、多孔質電極を形成する方法。 - 前記形成することが、カーボン、カーボンナノチューブ、グラファイト、カーボンファイバー、カーボンクロス、カーボンエーロゲル、金属粉末、金属酸化物、導電性ポリマー及びこれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される電極材料を含むスラリーを形成することを含む、請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記形成することが、電極材料ペーストを溶液中に懸濁させ、水不溶性バインダーを前記溶液に添加して混合物を形成し、この混合物を撹拌し、混合物を脱イオン水溶液、アルコール系溶液、エタノール溶液又は水性エタノール溶液中に懸濁させることを含んでなる、請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記形成することが、前記混合物を懸濁させる前にその混合物を乾燥することを含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- 電極を仕上げ加工することを含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- 前記仕上げ加工することが、前記電極を高圧でプレスし、その電極を高温で乾燥することを含んでなる、請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記塗布することが、ステンレススチール、グラファイト、チタン、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム及び導電性プラスチックからなる群の材料で形成された基体上に前記スラリーを塗布することからなる、請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記塗布することが、プレート、メッシュ、フォイル又はシートの形態の基体上に前記スラリーを塗布することからなる、請求項14記載の方法。
- 10〜10000m2/gの範囲の表面積を有する導電性多孔質部分を含む多孔質電極。
- さらに、前記多孔質部分に近接して基体を含む、請求項22記載の電極。
- 前記基体がプレート、メッシュ、フォイル及びシートからなる群のいずれかである、請求項23記載の電極。
- 前記基体が、ステンレススチール、グラファイト、チタン、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム及び導電性プラスチックからなる群の材料で形成されている、請求項23記載の電極。
- 前記基体が、導電性コーティングで被覆された非導電性材料で形成されている、請求項23記載の電極。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/515,653 US20080057398A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 | 2006-09-06 | Non-faraday based systems, devices and methods for removing ionic species from liquid |
US11/515,653 | 2006-09-06 | ||
PCT/US2007/070877 WO2008030646A2 (en) | 2006-09-06 | 2007-06-11 | Capacitive deionisation system, porous electrodes therefor and method of forming porous electrodes |
Publications (2)
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EP (1) | EP2069055A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2010502435A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090067149A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101511453A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007292844A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0714742A2 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG174768A1 (ja) |
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- 2007-06-11 EP EP07863356A patent/EP2069055A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-11 JP JP2009527470A patent/JP2010502435A/ja active Pending
- 2007-06-11 CN CNA2007800332664A patent/CN101511453A/zh active Pending
- 2007-06-11 AU AU2007292844A patent/AU2007292844A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-11 SG SG2011063666A patent/SG174768A1/en unknown
- 2007-06-11 BR BRPI0714742-2A patent/BRPI0714742A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-06-11 WO PCT/US2007/070877 patent/WO2008030646A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-08-23 TW TW96131286A patent/TW200815294A/zh unknown
-
2010
- 2010-11-03 US US12/938,684 patent/US20110042219A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2014133228A (ja) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-07-24 | Panasonic Corp | イオン交換体及びそれを備えた水処理装置、及び、給湯装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2069055A2 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
WO2008030646A2 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
AU2007292844A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
WO2008030646A3 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
US20110042219A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
KR20090067149A (ko) | 2009-06-24 |
BRPI0714742A2 (pt) | 2013-02-19 |
US20080057398A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
CN101511453A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
SG174768A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 |
TW200815294A (en) | 2008-04-01 |
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