JP2010263817A - Microbial material - Google Patents
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本発明は、「近代農業が目先の利便性を追求しすぎたあまり化学肥料や農薬等に頼り過ぎ、一番大切な土づくりを疎かにして来た為に土地の荒廃や地下水の汚染を招き、地球環境に多大な悪影響を及ぼしていることを根本から改善するために、土づくりを第一に考え、本来安全であるべき農産物が"危険な野菜"と称され健康を脅かすものであってはならないという観点から、植物の健全な生育はもとより、微生物の優れた発酵分解力・調整力で利用して減肥栽培を可能にし、最も今問題視されている硝酸態窒素の値を低減し、安全・安心で農作物の本来の味を持った良質な水準の健全な農作物を作り出すことを目的とした有益な微生物資材」に関するものである。 The present invention states that “modern agriculture has over-relied on chemical fertilizers and pesticides because it has pursued the immediate convenience, and has neglected the creation of the most important soil, leading to land degradation and groundwater contamination. In order to fundamentally improve that it has a great negative impact on the global environment, we consider soil creation as the first, and agricultural products that should be safe are called "dangerous vegetables" and threaten health. From the point of view that it should not be, not only the healthy growth of plants, but also the fermentative cultivation ability of microorganisms, making it possible to reduce fertilization and reduce the value of nitrate nitrogen, which is currently regarded as a problem, This is related to a useful microbial material that aims to produce a high-quality and healthy crop that is safe and secure and has the original taste of the crop.
農地問題（化学肥料や農薬の濫用）の観点から有機肥料や土壌改良資材等の開発が多々進められているが、何れも土本来の機能を向上されるものではなく長年の継続使用による効果の軽減が問題となっていた。
また、微生物を利用した土壌改良資材も種々開発されてはいるが、高い肥料効果や優れた耐病性が得られるかというと必ずしも十分と言えるものではなかった。
Many developments of organic fertilizers and soil improvement materials are being promoted from the viewpoint of farmland problems (abuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides), but none of them improve the original function of the soil, and the effects of continuous use over many years Mitigation was a problem.
Moreover, although various soil improvement materials using microorganisms have been developed, it cannot always be said that a high fertilizer effect and excellent disease resistance can be obtained.
そこで発明者らは、作物に有益な微生物を既存のものより数段に増加させ且つ安定した状態とすることにより、各種農作物の発育を促進し、健康で良質な農作物を作り出すことができ、又、堆肥作りや生ゴミ処理や臭い消し等にも有効な微生物資材を既に報告している（特許文献１〜５）。 Therefore, the inventors can increase the growth of various crops by making microorganisms beneficial to crops several times higher than existing ones and make them stable, and can produce healthy and high-quality crops. In addition, microbial materials that are effective for composting, garbage disposal, odor elimination, etc. have already been reported (Patent Documents 1 to 5).
例えば、本出願人である岡部産業株式会社は、上記微生物資材として「バクタモン」（登録商標）を販売している。
「バクタモン」は、三種類の糸状菌（アスペルギリウス、ムコール、リゾープス）と一種類の酵母菌（ハンセヌラ）を鉱粉（赤土）に仕込んで生成される微生物資材であり、鉱粉の化学成分の大要は、無水けい酸72%・礬土13%・酸化鉄6%・石灰1%・苦土0.5%・窒素0.1%・リン酸0.1%・加里0.1%である（特許文献１）。
For example, the present applicant, Okabe Sangyo Co., Ltd. sells “Bactamon” (registered trademark) as the microbial material.
“Bactamon” is a microbial material produced by charging three kinds of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus, Mucor, and Rhizopus) and one kind of yeast (Hansenula) into mineral powder (red soil). The main points are: silicic anhydride 72%, clay 13%, iron oxide 6%, lime 1%, limestone 0.5%, nitrogen 0.1%, phosphoric acid 0.1%, potassium 0.1% (Patent Document 1).
また、本出願人である岡部産業株式会社は、上記微生物資材にクロレラを添加した微生物資材を報告している（特許文献２）。 In addition, Okabe Sangyo Co., Ltd., the applicant of the present application, has reported a microbial material obtained by adding chlorella to the above microbial material (Patent Document 2).
加えて、本出願人である岡部産業株式会社は、三種類の糸状菌（アスペルギリウス、ムコール、リゾープス）と一種類の酵母菌（ハンセヌラ）を栄養物質に接種して培養発酵させた後、これらを多孔質担持物質、天然鉱物、食品有用残渣物又は堆肥用材料に混合して増菌熟成して得られる微生物資材を報告している（特許文献３）。 In addition, Okabe Sangyo Co., Ltd., the applicant of the present invention, inoculated nutrient substances with three types of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus) and one type of yeast (Hansenula), A microbial material obtained by mixing these with a porous support material, natural mineral, useful food residue or composting material and ripening the bacteria is reported (Patent Document 3).
上述の微生物資材は、一定の効果を発揮し得るものではあった。しかし、最近の食料事情により、少ない土壌で効率的に植物を生育する必要がある。よって、さらに優れた土壌改良剤が求められている。加えて、微生物資材の担持物質である赤土は、使用できる量に制限があるので、新たな担持物質の開発が必要であった。 The above-mentioned microbial material could exhibit a certain effect. However, due to recent food circumstances, it is necessary to grow plants efficiently with little soil. Thus, there is a need for a better soil conditioner. In addition, red soil, which is a support material for microbial materials, has a limit in the amount that can be used, so it was necessary to develop a new support material.
本発明者らは上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、少なくとも酵母菌ハンセヌラ属、糸状菌アスペルギルス属、糸状菌ムコール属及び糸状菌リゾープス属（４種の菌を混合したものを「バクタモン菌」と称する）を培養発酵させた後、これらの菌をビートパルプに混合して得られることを特徴とする微生物資材を完成した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that at least the yeast Hansenula genus, the filamentous fungus Aspergillus genus, the filamentous fungus Mucor genus and the filamentous fungus Rhizopus sp. A microorganism material characterized in that it is obtained by culturing and fermenting the bacterium (referred to as “fungus”) and then mixing these fungi with beet pulp.
すなわち本発明は以下よりなる。
「１．少なくとも酵母菌ハンセヌラ属、糸状菌アスペルギルス属、糸状菌ムコール属及び糸状菌リゾープス属を培養発酵させた後、これらの菌をビートパルプに混合して得られることを特徴とする微生物資材。
２．少なくとも酵母菌ハンセヌラ属、糸状菌アスペルギルス属、糸状菌ムコール属及び糸状菌リゾープス属を栄養物質に接種して培養発酵させた後、これらの菌をビートパルプに混合して増菌熟成して得られることを特徴とする微生物資材。
３．肥効調整能を有し減肥栽培を可能にすることを特徴とする前項１又は２に記載の微生物資材。
４．前項１〜３のいずれか１に記載の微生物資材を用いて生育した植物に使用した土壌中の硝酸性窒素濃度の低下方法。
５．前項１〜３のいずれか１に記載の微生物資材を用いて生育した植物体内の糖濃度の向上方法。
６．前項１〜３のいずれか１に記載の微生物資材を用いて生育した植物体内の硝酸濃度の低下方法。」
That is, this invention consists of the following.
“1. Microbial material obtained by culturing and fermenting at least yeasts Hansenula, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Rhizopus, and then mixing these bacteria with beet pulp.
2. It is obtained by inoculating at least yeasts Hansenula, Aspergillus, Ascorgillus, Mucor and Rhizopus, and fermenting them with nutrients. Microbial material characterized by that.
3. 3. The microbial material according to item 1 or 2, which has fertilization effect adjusting ability and enables reduced fertilization cultivation.
4). A method for reducing nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil used for a plant grown using the microbial material according to any one of items 1 to 3.
5). A method for improving the sugar concentration in a plant grown using the microorganism material according to any one of items 1 to 3.
6). A method for reducing the concentration of nitric acid in a plant grown using the microbial material according to any one of items 1 to 3. "
本発明の微生物資材によれば、従来の微生物資材と比較して、該資材中に多くの菌数を有する。さらに、該資材は、生育した植物の根量重を増加させ、植物体内の糖度を向上させ及び硝酸濃度を低下させるという効果も有する。 According to the microbial material of the present invention, the material has a larger number of bacteria compared to the conventional microbial material. Furthermore, the material also has the effect of increasing the root weight of the grown plant, improving the sugar content in the plant, and lowering the nitric acid concentration.
（栄養物質）
本発明で使用する栄養物質は、少なくとも酵母菌ハンセヌラ属、糸状菌アスペルギルス属、糸状菌ムコール属及び糸状菌リゾープス属を培養発酵させることができれば特に限定されない。
例えば、米糠と馬鈴薯を同量ずつ粉砕して、それぞれ６０分以上の蒸気で滅菌し、攪拌混合して得られた栄養物質を利用することができる。多量の微生物資材を製造する場合には、コストを考慮して米糠、馬鈴薯を使用することが好ましい。
(Nutrient)
The nutrient substance used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as at least yeasts Hansenula, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Rhizopus can be cultured and fermented.
For example, the same amount of rice bran and potato can be pulverized, sterilized with steam for 60 minutes or more, and stirred and mixed to use a nutrient substance. In the case of producing a large amount of microbial material, it is preferable to use rice bran or potato in consideration of cost.
（ビートパルプ）
本発明で使用するビートパルプは、甜菜（ビート）から砂糖分・糖蜜分等を抽出した後の残渣を意味する。ビートからの砂糖分の抽出は、ビートの根塊を断面形状が厚さ２〜５mm、幅４〜７mm角程度の細長いチップ状に裁断し、これを熱湯に浸漬して砂糖分等を抽出する。そして、抽出後のビートはパルプ状となって残っており、該熱湯中から取出したビートパルプは多量の水を含んでいるため、ハンドリング等の観点から脱水し、乾燥する。
(Beat pulp)
The beet pulp used in the present invention means a residue after sugar and molasses are extracted from sugar beet. Extracting sugar content from beet cuts the root mass of beet into thin chips with a cross-sectional shape of 2 to 5 mm in thickness and 4 to 7 mm in width, and immerses this in hot water to extract sugar and the like. . And the beet pulp after extraction remains in the form of pulp, and the beet pulp taken out from the hot water contains a large amount of water, so it is dehydrated and dried from the viewpoint of handling and the like.
さらに、本発明で使用するビートパルプは、処理すべき有機性物質の含有する水分量によって異なるが、好ましくは水分を５０重量％以下、好ましくは３０〜１０重量％、より好ましくは１０〜２重量％としたものが良い。また、必要に応じて成形加工して、顆粒状、棒状、タブレット状等の形状としてもよい。
加えて、ビートパルプには、必要に応じて他の成分を配合することもできる。他の成分としては、処理後の微生物資材の用途に応じて選択され、ビートパルプの発酵促進作用及び水分吸収作用等を阻害しない範囲で用いられる。
例えば、ビートパルプに添加する成分は、米糠、魚粉、油カス、コーヒー粕、ビール粕、バーク堆肥・ピートモスなどが挙げられる。
Furthermore, the beet pulp used in the present invention varies depending on the amount of water contained in the organic substance to be treated, but preferably contains 50% by weight or less, preferably 30 to 10% by weight, more preferably 10 to 2% by weight. % Is good. Moreover, it is good also as shape | molding as needed, and it is good also as shapes, such as granule shape, rod shape, and tablet shape.
In addition, other components can be added to the beet pulp as required. The other components are selected according to the use of the treated microbial material, and are used within a range that does not inhibit the beet pulp's fermentation promoting action, moisture absorption action, and the like.
For example, components added to beet pulp include rice bran, fish meal, oil residue, coffee lees, beer lees, bark compost and peat moss.
（微生物資材の製造方法）
微生物資材の製造方法は、以下の製造例を示すが特には限定されない。
前記栄養物質を真菌類の数だけ等分し（本例の場合は４種類であるので４等分）、各々に酵母菌ハンセヌラ属、糸状菌アスペルギルス属、糸状菌ムコール属、糸状菌リゾープス属の菌を接種し、その後、２０℃〜４０℃、より好ましくは２７℃〜３３℃の温度に保ち、２〜１０日間、より好ましくは３〜５日間発酵させる。
なお、真菌の種類は上記の組合せが目的用途、含有菌数等を考慮すれば最良と考えられるが、他の菌種を追加しても良い。
(Manufacturing method of microbial materials)
Although the manufacturing method of microbial material shows the following manufacture examples, it is not specifically limited.
The nutrient substance is equally divided by the number of fungi (in this case, it is 4 types, so it is divided into 4 equal parts), each of which belongs to the genus Hansenula, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Rhizopus. The fungus is inoculated and then kept at a temperature of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C., more preferably 27 ° C. to 33 ° C. for 2 to 10 days, more preferably 3 to 5 days.
In addition, although the combination of said fungi is considered to be the best in consideration of the intended use, the number of contained bacteria, etc., other fungal species may be added.
次に、上記４種類の真菌類発酵生成物を混合して、更に２〜１４日間、より好ましくは３〜７日間熟成を行う。この熟成期間において、発酵により４０℃を越える時には、手入れや換気を行って熱を放散させたほうが良い。 Next, the above four types of fungal fermentation products are mixed and further aged for 2 to 14 days, more preferably 3 to 7 days. In this aging period, when the temperature exceeds 40 ° C. due to fermentation, it is better to dissipate heat through care and ventilation.
次に、上記熟成させた混合発酵生成物に水分を５〜３０％添加し、これをビートパルプに５〜５０％、より好ましくは１０〜４５％の割合で混合し、増菌室に堆積させた後に更に十分な熟成を行う。 Next, 5-30% of water is added to the aged mixed fermentation product, which is mixed with beet pulp at a rate of 5-50%, more preferably 10-45%, and deposited in the enrichment chamber. After that, ripen further.
最後に、上記ビートパルプに菌糸がよくついている状態を確認してから、該ビートパルプを増菌室から取出し、乾燥させ、必要に応じて適宜袋詰めする。 Finally, after confirming that the mycelium is well attached to the beet pulp, the beet pulp is taken out from the enrichment chamber, dried, and appropriately packed as necessary.
出来上がった本発明の微生物資材は、従来の微生物資材と比較して、多量の菌数を担持しているから、各用途における作用効果も従来品を大幅に上回っている。 The completed microbial material of the present invention carries a large number of bacteria as compared with the conventional microbial material, so that the effects in each application are significantly higher than the conventional products.
（微生物資材の利用方法）
本発明の微生物資材は、その特性から各種の利用方法が行えるものであって、例えば１０a（アール）当たりおいて稲作では基肥時に２０〜４０Ｌ、畑作では播種・移植の１４日前に２０〜５０Ｌ、果菜類では４０〜６０Ｌをそれぞれ他の肥料とともに施用し、耕うん又は覆土する。
(How to use microbial materials)
The microbial material of the present invention can be used in various ways because of its characteristics. For example, it is 20 to 40 L at the time of basic fertilization in 10a (Earl), and 20 to 50 L at 14 days before sowing and transplanting in the field crop, In fruit vegetables, 40-60L is applied with other fertilizers, and is cultivated or covered with soil.
また、本発明の微生物資材は、堆肥の発酵菌として使用することができる。有機物量の０．５〜３％の本発明の微生物資材を散布し、よく混ぜながら積んでいき、３〜６日して５０〜７０℃程度の高温になったら切り返しする。これを３〜５回繰り返すと良質の堆肥が出来上がる。畜ふんだけの場合は、等容量の籾殻や稲わら等を短く刻んだものを混ぜながら積んでいけば良い。 Moreover, the microbial material of the present invention can be used as a fermenter for compost. The microbial material of the present invention of 0.5 to 3% of the amount of organic matter is sprayed and piled up while mixing well. Repeat this 3-5 times to make good compost. If you only have livestock dung, you can stack them while mixing a short cut of equal volume of rice husk or rice straw.
以上でも述べたが、本発明の微生物資材は、元肥や追肥への混用によって肥料効果を促進したり調整させることができ、土壌や作物に特異な作用を呈させ、安定した収穫量の増大や品質の向上を図ることができる。また、農薬や肥料を必要最小限度に抑えることが出来るものであり、その効果は従来資材の数倍にも及ぶものである。
また、本発明の微生物資材は、単用、液状葉面散布、堆肥発酵等の使用法にも有効である。加えて、本発明の微生物資材は、土壌改良のみではなく肥料の促進や調整と微生物が自ら作り出す代謝産物や分泌物の微量要素を上手く植物が利用して高品質の農産物を生産させることができる。これにより、作物の種類や気象状況等に対応した施用方法によって作物生理を強化して収量安定を目指すものである。
例えば、本発明の微生物資材を土壌に施した場合、土壌中の粗大有機物に寄生し、分解作用を起して各種肥料要素を菌体に取り込みながら繁殖していく。その際、代謝産物として植物生長ホルモン、各種アミノ酸、各種ビタミン類、核酸、有機酸類、各種酵素類等や抗生物質、抗菌性物質を分泌し微量要素が可給態に改善されて、その後徐々に自己分解して植物に吸収されやすい形態の有機化合物となって長期に亘りバランスの取れた植物栄養源としての機能を発揮する。特に窒素は菌体微生物によって分解されアンモニア態窒素（有機態窒素）になり、次いで徐々に自己分解し肥料流亡を抑え、地力窒素となって利用される。無機質の化学肥料も有機態に変化させる事で肥効が安定し、菌体中のリン溶解作用によりリン酸並びにカリの肥効も倍加されると言われている。既述した一連の流れは本資材の菌数の増加によって数段に経時的、質的にも向上するものである。
As described above, the microbial material of the present invention can promote or adjust the fertilizer effect by mixing with the original fertilizer and additional fertilizer, exhibit a unique action on soil and crops, increase the stable yield, The quality can be improved. Moreover, pesticides and fertilizers can be suppressed to the necessary minimum, and the effect is several times that of conventional materials.
Moreover, the microbial material of the present invention is also effective for usage such as single use, liquid foliar spraying, and compost fermentation. In addition, the microbial material of the present invention can produce high-quality agricultural products not only by improving the soil but also by promoting the use and adjustment of fertilizers and the micro-elements of metabolites and secretions produced by the microorganisms. . In this way, crop physiology is strengthened by an application method corresponding to the type of crop and weather conditions, and the yield is stabilized.
For example, when the microbial material of the present invention is applied to soil, it parasitizes coarse organic matter in the soil, causes a decomposition action, and propagates while incorporating various fertilizer elements into the cells. At that time, plant growth hormone, various amino acids, various vitamins, nucleic acids, organic acids, various enzymes, antibiotics and antibacterial substances are secreted as metabolites, and trace elements are improved to be available, and then gradually It becomes an organic compound in a form that is self-degraded and easily absorbed by plants, and functions as a well-balanced plant nutrient source for a long time. In particular, nitrogen is decomposed by microbial microorganisms to become ammonia nitrogen (organic nitrogen), then gradually self-decomposes to suppress fertilizer loss, and is used as geological nitrogen. It is said that the fertilization effect is stabilized by changing the inorganic chemical fertilizer to an organic state, and the fertilization effect of phosphoric acid and potassium is doubled by the phosphorus-dissolving action in the cells. The above-described series of flows improves with time and quality in several stages as the number of bacteria in this material increases.
本発明の微生物資材は、極めて高い分解力、発酵力を具備しているからセルロースやリグニン質の分解や、堆肥作り等にも適しており、短期間における良質の堆肥を作り出すことが可能であり、又、各種有機性廃棄物の処理（一般家庭の生ゴミ等も含む）においても高度な分解処理を行う事ができる。更に本発明の微生物資材は、汲み取り式トイレ、ペット、畜産の現場等における臭い消しとしての効果も高く、それだけに留まらずあらゆる方面において利用分野が広く、その用途についても特定されるべきものではない。 The microbial material of the present invention has an extremely high decomposing power and fermenting power, so that it is suitable for decomposing cellulose and lignin, making compost, etc., and can produce high quality compost in a short period of time. In addition, it is possible to perform a high-level decomposition process in the treatment of various organic wastes (including general household garbage). Furthermore, the microbial material of the present invention is highly effective as an odor eliminating in a draw-up type toilet, pets, livestock production sites, etc., and is not limited to that.
一方、硝酸態窒素は殆どの金属を溶かしてしまうくらい、酸化力、反応力の強い物質であり、健康に及ぼす悪影響が指摘されている。地下水の汚染も由々しき問題であるが、酸化力が非常に強い物質でもあるため人体への影響では発がん性物質であることも確認されている。
本発明の微生物資材は、硝酸態窒素を低減する方法としても利用することができる。本発明の微生物資材中の有効微生物群が土中で増殖し菌体形成する際に、強制的に窒素を菌体構成の栄養として取り込み有機化することで肥料養分の流亡を防止し、肥効を安定させ、その後徐々に自己分解して緩効性窒素（地力窒素）として作物に利用される。これにより、硝酸態窒素の残留値を低減させ安全で安心な農作物を生産することができる。
On the other hand, nitrate nitrogen is a substance having strong oxidizing power and reactive power enough to dissolve most metals, and has been pointed out to have adverse effects on health. Contamination of groundwater is also a serious problem, but since it is also a substance with a very strong oxidizing power, it has been confirmed that it is a carcinogenic substance due to its effects on the human body.
The microbial material of the present invention can also be used as a method for reducing nitrate nitrogen. When the effective microorganism group in the microbial material of the present invention grows in the soil and forms cells, it is forced to take in nitrogen as nutrients of the cell structure and organicize it, thereby preventing the fertilizer nutrients from flowing out and fertilizing And then gradually self-decomposes and is used in crops as slow-release nitrogen (geotrophic nitrogen). Thereby, the residual value of nitrate nitrogen can be reduced and a safe and reliable crop can be produced.
加えて、本発明の微生物資材は、キャリアを工夫し既存の微生物資材よりも菌数を数段に増加させ且つ安定した微生物資材の開発に着手し増菌に成功したものである。すなわち、既存の微生物資材の半世紀以上に及ぶ有益な効力や実績を積み重ねた結果を踏まえ、増菌させた事によりその効力をさらに強化して作物の栄養生長を生殖成長に移行させ品質の向上と健全な農作物の生産を図り、同時に順序正しい代謝と循環を繰り返しながら菌体も作物の栄養源となり、有効腐植となって蓄積され肥沃な土壌を作るという働きを併せ持った微生物資材である。 In addition, the microbial material of the present invention has been successfully enriched by devising a carrier, increasing the number of bacteria to several levels compared to existing microbial materials, and starting to develop a stable microbial material. In other words, based on the accumulated results of more than half a century of beneficial efficacy and achievements of existing microbial materials, by increasing the number of bacteria, the efficacy is further strengthened, and the vegetative growth of crops is transferred to reproductive growth to improve quality. It is a microbial material that combines the functions of producing healthy crops and simultaneously repeating orderly metabolism and circulation while the fungus body also becomes a nutrient source for the crops and accumulates as effective humus to create a fertile soil.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（担持物質の比較による微生物資材中の菌数の測定）
本発明のビートパルプを使用した微生物資材が、他の担持物質を使用した微生物資材と比較して、菌数量が優れていることを確認にした。詳細は、以下の通りである。
(Measurement of the number of bacteria in microbial materials by comparison of supported substances)
It was confirmed that the microbial material using the beet pulp of the present invention is superior in the number of bacteria compared to the microbial material using other supported substances. Details are as follows.
（使用した微生物資材）
本実施例では、以下の担持物質（Ｉ〜Ｖ）を使用した微生物資材を使用した。なお、使用した菌は、いずれも酵母菌ハンセヌラ属、糸状菌アスペルギルス属、糸状菌ムコール属及び糸状菌リゾープス属である。
Ｉ ：竹炭
ＩＩ ：コーヒーかす
ＩＩＩ：貝殻
ＩＶ ：ゼオライト
Ｖ ：ビートパルプ（本実施態様）
(Used microbial materials)
In this example, a microbial material using the following support materials (I to V) was used. In addition, all the bacteria used are yeast Hansenula genus, filamentous fungi Aspergillus genus, filamentous fungus Mucor genus, and filamentous fungus Rhizopus genus.
I: Bamboo charcoal II: Coffee grounds III: Shells IV: Zeolite V: Beet pulp (this embodiment)
（菌数の測定方法）
５種類の担持物質を使用した時における各微生物資材において、それぞれ任意に取り出して、各菌種の菌数を測定した。
詳しくは、各検査試料１０ｇを０．０５％寒天加滅菌生理食塩液９０ｍｌで激しく混和後、上清を採取した。上清を原液としてポテトデキストロース寒天培地で培養後、個々の菌数（試料１ｍｌ当たりの菌数）を測定した。なお、試料の希釈も０．０５％寒天加滅菌生理食塩液で行っている。
(Method for measuring the number of bacteria)
In each microbial material when five kinds of support materials were used, each microbial material was arbitrarily taken out and the number of bacteria of each microbial species was measured.
Specifically, 10 g of each test sample was vigorously mixed with 90 ml of 0.05% agar-sterilized physiological saline, and the supernatant was collected. After culturing on the potato dextrose agar medium using the supernatant as a stock solution, the number of individual bacteria (the number of bacteria per 1 ml of sample) was measured. The sample is also diluted with 0.05% agar-sterilized physiological saline.
菌数の測定結果を下記表１に示す。
本発明のビートパルプを担持物質として使用した微生物資材は、他の担持物質を使用した微生物資材と比較して、全体的に菌数が明らかに増加していることを確認できた。
The measurement results of the number of bacteria are shown in Table 1 below.
It was confirmed that the microbial material using the beet pulp of the present invention as a supporting material had a clear increase in the number of bacteria as a whole as compared with microbial materials using other supporting materials.
（微生物資材を使用した施肥による植物生育の測定）
本発明の微生物資材を使用した肥料を用いた植物生育が、他の肥料を使用した植物生育と比較して、優れていることを確認した。さらに、植物生育に使用した土壌中の硝酸イオン濃度を確認した。詳細は、以下の通りである。
(Measurement of plant growth by fertilization using microbial materials)
It was confirmed that plant growth using a fertilizer using the microbial material of the present invention was superior to plant growth using other fertilizers. Furthermore, the nitrate ion concentration in the soil used for plant growth was confirmed. Details are as follows.
（使用した肥料）
使用した肥料は以下の通りである。
対照区：基礎肥料（化成肥料、N:P2O5:K2O＝8:8:8）のみの画分
有機質区：基礎肥料にビートパルプを添加した画分
バクタモン菌添加区：基礎肥料にバクタモン菌を添加した画分
実施態様１区：基礎肥料に本発明の微生物資材（バクタモン菌＋ビートパルプ）を添加した画分
実施態様２区：基礎肥料に本発明の微生物資材（バクタモン菌＋ビートパルプ＋バーク堆肥）を添加した画分
(Fertilizer used)
The fertilizer used is as follows.
Control group: fraction containing only basic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer, N: P 2 O 5 : K 2 O = 8: 8: 8) Organic group: fraction obtained by adding beet pulp to basic fertilizer Bactamon fungus added group: basic fertilizer Embodiment 1 section: fraction obtained by adding the microbial material of the present invention (Bactamon bacteria + beet pulp) to basic fertilizer Embodiment 2 section: microbial material of the present invention (Bactamon fungus + to basic fertilizer) Fraction with added beet pulp + bark compost)
（植物の生育方法）
生育する植物はコマツナ（品種：きよすみ）とした。そして、1/5000a ワグネルポットを使用して、上記基礎試料のポット当たり施用全窒素量を0.6kg（30kg/10aに相当する）とした。市販の未耕地黒ぼく土壌（pH6.0に調整済み）に、上記各肥料を全層に混合後、各ポットに3kgずつ充填した。そして、該充填したから１週間後に、ポット当たり８粒播種した。該播種の２週間後に、ポット当たり４株となるように間引きした。さらに、該播種の60日後に、生育したコマツナを収穫した。
(Plant growth method)
The growing plant was Komatsuna (variety: Kiyosumi). Then, using the 1 / 5000a Wagner pot, the total amount of nitrogen applied per pot of the basic sample was 0.6 kg (corresponding to 30 kg / 10a). The above-mentioned fertilizers were mixed in all layers in a commercially available uncultivated black soil (adjusted to pH 6.0), and each pot was filled with 3 kg. One week after the filling, 8 seeds were sown per pot. Two weeks after the sowing, thinning was performed so that there were 4 strains per pot. Further, the grown Komatsuna was harvested 60 days after the sowing.
（植物中及び土壌中の各濃度の測定方法）
（１）糖度Brix値の測定
上記収穫したコマツナを細断して、さらに乳鉢ですり潰して抽出液を得た。該抽出液の糖濃度を糖度計で測定した。
（２）植物生体内の硝酸イオン濃度の測定
上記収穫したコマツナを凍結乾燥後にミキサーで粉砕した。該粉砕物0.2gを、250mL容ポリ瓶に入れ、純水200mLで1時間振とう抽出した。その後、該抽出液1mLをDismic-3でろ過し、硝酸イオン濃度をイオンクロマトグラフィーで測定でした。
（３）土壌中の硝酸イオン濃度の測定
対照区及び実施態様１区で使用した土壌中の硝酸イオン濃度（mg/100g dry soil）をイオンクロマトグラフィーで測定した。
(Measurement method of each concentration in plant and soil)
(1) Measurement of sugar content Brix value The harvested Komatsuna was shredded and further ground in a mortar to obtain an extract. The sugar concentration of the extract was measured with a saccharimeter.
(2) Measurement of nitrate ion concentration in plant body The harvested Komatsuna was freeze-dried and then pulverized with a mixer. 0.2 g of the pulverized product was placed in a 250 mL plastic bottle and extracted by shaking with 200 mL of pure water for 1 hour. Thereafter, 1 mL of the extract was filtered through Dismic-3, and the nitrate ion concentration was measured by ion chromatography.
(3) Measurement of nitrate ion concentration in soil The nitrate ion concentration (mg / 100 g dry soil) in the soil used in the control group and embodiment 1 was measured by ion chromatography.
（測定結果）
上記（１）の糖度Brix値の測定結果を下記表２に示す。
下記表２から明らかなように、本発明の実施態様区は、他の区と比較して、生育した植物体内の糖度を向上させることを確認した。
なお、本発明の微生物資材は、植物体内の糖濃度を向上させることができるので、果実等を有する植物の生育に適している。
(Measurement result)
The measurement results of the sugar content Brix value of the above (1) are shown in Table 2 below.
As apparent from Table 2 below, it was confirmed that the embodiment group of the present invention improved the sugar content in the grown plant body as compared with the other groups.
In addition, since the microbial material of this invention can improve the sugar concentration in a plant body, it is suitable for the growth of the plant which has a fruit etc.
上記（２）の植物体内中の硝酸イオン濃度（mg/100g 新鮮重）の測定結果を下記表３に示す。
下記表３から明らかなように、本発明の実施態様区は、他の区と比較して、生育した植物体内の硝酸イオン濃度を低下させることを確認した。
なお、生育した植物体内の硝酸態窒素は、発癌性があるといわれており、特に根菜類の硝酸態窒素は問題となっている。
よって、本発明の微生物資材は、植物体内の硝酸イオン濃度を低下させることができるので、根菜類の生育に適している。
The measurement results of the nitrate ion concentration (mg / 100 g fresh weight) in the plant body of (2) above are shown in Table 3 below.
As is clear from Table 3 below, it was confirmed that the embodiment group of the present invention reduced the nitrate ion concentration in the grown plant body as compared with other groups.
In addition, it is said that nitrate nitrogen in the grown plant body is carcinogenic, and nitrate nitrogen in root vegetables is particularly problematic.
Therefore, since the microbial material of the present invention can reduce the nitrate ion concentration in the plant body, it is suitable for the growth of root vegetables.
上記（３）の土壌中の硝酸イオン濃度（mg/100g dry soil）の測定結果は、以下の通りであった。
対照区：1.81
実施態様１区：0.89
本発明の実施態様区は、対照区と比較して、明らかに土壌中の硝酸イオン濃度を低下させることを確認した。
よって、本発明の微生物資材は、硝酸態窒素含有量が問題となっている土壌中に使用することに適している。
The measurement result of nitrate ion concentration (mg / 100g dry soil) in the soil of (3) was as follows.
Control zone: 1.81
Embodiment 1 Section: 0.89
It was confirmed that the embodiment group of the present invention clearly reduced the nitrate ion concentration in the soil as compared with the control group.
Therefore, the microbial material of the present invention is suitable for use in soil where nitrate nitrogen content is a problem.
以上により、本発明の微生物資材は、従来の微生物資材と比較して、該資材中の菌量が多く、さらには生育する植物の糖濃度を向上及び硝酸イオン濃度を低下させることができる。さらに、本発明の微生物資材は、従来の微生物資材と比較して、生育する植物の根重量を増加させることも確認している。加えて、本発明の微生物資材は、生育する植物に使用する土壌中の硝酸イオン濃度を低減させることができる。 As described above, the microbial material of the present invention has a larger amount of bacteria in the material than conventional microbial materials, and can further improve the sugar concentration and lower the nitrate ion concentration of the growing plant. Furthermore, it has also been confirmed that the microbial material of the present invention increases the root weight of the growing plant as compared with the conventional microbial material. In addition, the microbial material of the present invention can reduce the nitrate ion concentration in the soil used for the growing plant.
本発明の微生物資材は、土壌に有益な微生物の働きによってバランスの良い健全な土作りが図られるものであり、農業・園芸等において広範囲に使用できる。 The microbial material of the present invention is intended to produce a well-balanced and healthy soil by the action of microorganisms beneficial to the soil, and can be widely used in agriculture, horticulture and the like.
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| JPH0315319A (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1991-01-23 | Tetsuo Hiraiwa | Planting material for horticultural pot and soil improver |
| JPH1175709A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-23 | Okabe Sangyo Kk | Mixed feed |
| JPH11255572A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-09-21 | Okabe Sangyo Kk | Material for applying microorganism |
| JP2003199434A (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-15 | Okabe Sangyo Kk | Material for fungus application |
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |