JP2010115193A - Cultivation method for agricultural crop using fluorescence radiation material, and material to be used for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method for agricultural crops further improving the weight of agricultural crops or accelerating growth and causing less unevenness in quality to have high cultivation efficiency, in the cultivation method for agricultural crops activating photosynthesis of agricultural crops through a fluorescence radiation material, and also increasing the sugar contents of agricultural crops and increasing the quantity of ingredients such as lycopene, contained in vegetables and fruits such as tomato, watermelon and pink grapefruits, in the cultivation method for agricultural crops using the fluorescence radiation material. <P>SOLUTION: This cultivation method for agricultural crops includes using as an agricultural crop cultivation material, a fluorescence radiation net or a fluorescence radiation sheet singly, or in a combination of both of them, or combining and using a light reflection material, and the fluorescence radiation net and/or the fluorescence radiation sheet. The agricultural crop cultivation material is set to enable fluorescence radiated from the fluorescence radiation net or the fluorescence radiation sheet receiving light to irradiate agricultural crops from a plurality of directions, so as to promote photosynthesis. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crop cultivation method using a fluorescent radioactive material and a material used therefor.

In recent years, in order to stably supply agricultural products such as vegetables, construction of a plant factory equipped with a factory for growing vegetables using a light-emitting diode or the like as a light source is in progress. This employs a light emitting diode that emits light in a wavelength band that contributes to photosynthesis of plants and the like, and is planned for cultivation.
However, while this method can be used for planned cultivation, it consumes a large amount of power for cultivation, and can greatly affect environmental and energy issues such as global warming and depletion of fossil fuels. There are concerns.
In alley cultivation, etc., agricultural chemicals are generally sprayed to manage the quality of vegetables and the like. However, surrounding air pollution due to the use of a large amount of pesticides and water pollution due to the mixing of pesticides into rainwater are becoming serious.

  On the other hand, agricultural films aimed at the effect of promoting photosynthesis have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Furthermore, a light quality conversion material for agriculture aiming at photosynthesis promotion effect and insect repellent effect has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). However, in these methods, since the crop is covered with a film containing a fluorescent pigment, sunlight is shielded by the film, which may be negative for the growth of the crop.

  In order to solve such a problem, for example, Patent Document 3 proposes a net containing a fluorescent dye as a material for promoting photosynthesis (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

JP-A-5-227849 JP-A-6-46685 JP 2007-135583 A

  If the net described in Patent Document 3 is used as a photosynthesis promoting material, it is possible to convert a part of light contained in sunlight or the like into light having a wavelength preferable for plant photosynthesis in the form of fluorescence. Moreover, light such as sunlight can be directly applied to the crops from the opening of the net. Therefore, unlike the case where the film-like photosynthesis promoting material is used as described above, there is almost no adverse effect caused by the sunlight being shielded. However, there is still room for improvement from the viewpoint of further activating photosynthesis and further improving the weight and sugar content of crops.

  In addition, due to the recent increase in health-consciousness, for example, active ingredients such as lycopene contained in red vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, and pink grapefruits have attracted attention. Is strongly demanded. However, the present condition is that the technique which provides the vegetables and fruits which contain these active ingredients in large quantities by a simple cultivation method does not yet exist.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for cultivating crops that activates photosynthesis of crops by using a fluorescent radioactive material, and further increases the weight of the crops or accelerates the growth and has high cultivation efficiency with little variation in quality. Is the primary purpose. Further, the present invention provides a method for cultivating crops that uses fluorescent radioactive materials to increase the sugar content of crops and to increase the amount of ingredients such as lycopene contained in vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, and pink grapefruits. The second object is to provide a method for cultivating crops.

  As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that natural light or artificial light (hereinafter collectively referred to simply as “light”) when cultivating crops using fluorescence. ) And fluorescence in a well-balanced manner, and it is confirmed that photosynthesis is activated by irradiating a large amount of fluorescence from a single direction rather than from one direction as much as possible. The invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention provides (1) as a crop cultivation material, either a fluorescent radioactive net and a fluorescent radioactive sheet alone or in combination, or a light reflective material, a fluorescent radioactive net and / or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, A method for cultivating crops using a combination of the above-mentioned materials for cultivating crops so that the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet upon receiving light can irradiate the crops from a plurality of directions. A crop cultivation method characterized by promoting photosynthesis.

  The present invention also provides (2) using the light-reflective sheet as the light-reflective material, laying the light-reflective sheet on a farmland where the crop is cultivated, and covering the crop with the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescence A radioactive sheet is installed so that the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet receives light and radiates the fluorescence and the transmitted light directly onto the crop, and reflects the light on the light reflective sheet to the crop. The crop cultivation method according to item (1), wherein irradiation is performed.

  The present invention also provides (3) the fluorescent radiation net (2) or the fluorescent radiation so that the fluorescent radiation net (1) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (1) is laid on a farmland where the crop is cultivated and the crop is covered. The sheet (2) is installed, and the fluorescent radiation net (2) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (2) receives the light emitted from the fluorescent radiation and the transmitted light, and directly irradiates the crop with the transmitted light. The method for cultivating a crop according to (1), wherein the fluorescent radiation net (1) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (1) is irradiated to irradiate the crop with the emitted fluorescence.

  Further, the present invention is (4) the method for cultivating a crop according to (2) or (3), wherein the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet covering the crop is supported by a dome-shaped support. .

  The present invention also provides (5) using a bag-like material made of the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet, and covering the fruit or fruit while growing with the bag-like material so that the fruit or fruit is fluorescent from the surroundings. The method for cultivating agricultural products according to item (1), wherein the method is as follows.

  Further, the present invention is (6) characterized in that the umbrella-shaped material made of the fluorescent radiation sheet is used, and the umbrella-shaped material is attached above the fruit or fruit covered with the bag-shaped material. The crop cultivation method described in 1. above.

  Moreover, this invention uses (7) the house where the roof part and / or the wall part were comprised with the said fluorescence radiation net | network and / or the said fluorescence radiation sheet | seat, and the fluorescence which the said fluorescence radiation net | network and / or the said fluorescence radiation sheet | seat radiates | emits. The method for cultivating a crop according to item (1), wherein the crop is irradiated with the crop.

  Moreover, this invention is installed so that the crop grown in the farmland in a house may be covered with the said fluorescence radiation net | network or the said fluorescence radiation sheet | seat using the house where the roof part and / or wall part were comprised with the vinyl sheet. The crop cultivation method according to item (1), wherein the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescence radiation net or the fluorescence radiation sheet is irradiated to the crop.

  In addition, the present invention provides (9) any one of (5) to (8), characterized in that the fluorescent radiation net, the fluorescent radiation sheet and / or the light reflecting material is laid on the farmland where the crop is cultivated. 1. The method for cultivating agricultural products according to 1.

  In the present invention, (10) the fluorescent radiation sheet and the fluorescent radiation sheet have an attenuation factor of 5.5 to 12.0% in a wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B), and a wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV -C) The crop cultivation method according to any one of items (1) to (9), wherein the decay rate of (C) is 17.5 to 28.0%.

  Moreover, the present invention is characterized in that (11) the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet absorb light in a wavelength region of 250 to 650 nm and emit fluorescence in a wavelength region of 450 to 700 nm. The crop cultivation method according to any one of (1) to (10).

  Further, the present invention is (12) the method for cultivating agricultural crops according to any one of items (1) to (11), wherein the fluorescent radiation sheet has a light transmittance of 80 to 95%.

  Further, the present invention is (13) the method for cultivating agricultural crops according to any one of (2) to (12), wherein the light reflective sheet has a light reflectance of 95% or more.

  In the present invention, (14) the attenuation rate in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) is 5.5 to 12.0%, and the attenuation rate in the wavelength range 250 to 280 nm (UV-C) is 17.5 to It is a fluorescent radioactive material characterized by being 28.0%.

  Moreover, this invention is a bag-shaped or umbrella-shaped agricultural material which uses the material as described in (15) (14) as a raw material.

  Moreover, this invention is the house for crop cultivation characterized by the (16) roof part and / or wall part being comprised with the material as described in a (14) term.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the weight of a crop is improved more, or the growth is accelerated | stimulated, and the crop cultivation method with high cultivation efficiency with few variations in quality is provided. Moreover, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for cultivating crops that can increase the sugar content of crops and increase the amount of components such as lycopene contained in vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, and pink grapefruits.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the conventional cultivation method using a fluorescent radioactive material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows the 1st embodiment of this invention, (a) is an example which combined the fluorescent-radiation net-like material and the light reflection sheet, (b) is the fluorescence-radiation net-like material and the fluorescence radiation property. This is an example in which sheets are combined, and (c) is an example in which a fluorescent radioactive net-like material, a light reflective sheet and a fluorescent radioactive sheet are combined. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 2nd embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
It is well known that the photosynthetic reaction of plants is carried out by three elements of sunlight, CO ₂ and water. Here, sunlight is composed of a wide wavelength band (about 200 to 4000 nm), but the wavelength bands contributing to the photosynthesis reaction are a blue wavelength band (450 to 550 nm) and a red wavelength band (550 to 750 nm). It is considered.

In particular, light in the red wavelength band is considered to contribute to the promotion of plant germination, leaf, bulb, root and fruit growth. In order to promote the photosynthetic reaction of plants using artificial light, a light source that strongly irradiates light in the red wavelength band has been developed and irradiated to plants. As an example, in recent plant factory business, the photosynthesis reaction of plants is actively performed by irradiating light in the red wavelength band using a large number of red light emitting diodes. Thus, it can be understood that the photosynthetic reaction particularly uses light in a certain range of the sunlight spectrum.
In general, the photosynthetic reaction of plants is performed by irradiation with sunlight, and further, the photosynthesis reaction can be actively promoted by superimposing components in the red wavelength band.
It should be noted that the skin of fruits such as apples and grapes, or the fruits of vegetables, is considered to contain no chlorophyll so as to greatly contribute to photosynthesis, but it is considered to be contained in the above-mentioned skin other than chlorophyll. Since it is presumed that the body contributes to growth, in the present invention, the growth of all crops including the contribution to such growth is collectively expressed as “photosynthesis” and described.

The crop cultivation method of the present invention, as described above, irradiates the crop with natural light or artificial light and fluorescence in a well-balanced manner, and in particular, irradiates the crop with a plurality of directions as much as possible rather than from one direction. This is based on the verification result that it is extremely effective for activating photosynthesis.
That is, in the crop cultivation method of the present invention, as a crop cultivation material, a fluorescent radioactive net and a fluorescent radioactive sheet (this net and the sheet are collectively referred to as “fluorescent radioactive material” as necessary, and both the fluorescent net and the fluorescent sheet are referred to. Is a method for cultivating crops using either a single light source or a combination of both, or a combination of a light-reflective material, a fluorescent radiation net and / or a fluorescent radiation sheet, which is natural light or artificial light (generic name) (Also referred to simply as “light”), and irradiates the crops with the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet from a plurality of directions, and after irradiation, passes through the voids of the net or passes through the sheet. The above materials are installed so that the “light” is effectively utilized for photosynthesis.
When two types of the three types of materials are used in combination, it is preferable to install so that the crop is located between the two types of materials.
Further, two or more of the same type or different types of fluorescent nets or fluorescent sheets can be used as materials to be laid on the farmland and to cover the crops.
Furthermore, in the present invention, the fluorescent radioactive material can be installed and used alone. For example, a single fluorescent radioactive material can be folded at an angle, or a crop can be used as a surrounding area. By setting up so as to surround, the fluorescent light can be radiated to the crop from a plurality of directions.

The fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the crop cultivation method of the present invention have a function of converting harmful ultraviolet light into useful visible light, and absorb light in a wavelength range of 250 to 650 nm, And what emits the fluorescence of the wavelength range of 450-700 nm is used preferably.
The fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet cut not only harmful ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) but also particularly harmful ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C). The attenuation rate in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) is 5.5 to 12.0%, and the attenuation rate in the wavelength range 250 to 280 nm (UV-C) is 17.5 to 28.0. % Is preferably used.
The present invention is a method for cultivating crops that effectively utilizes such properties of the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet.

There is no restriction | limiting in the use place of these fluorescent radiation net | networks and a fluorescent radiation sheet | seat, For example, it is possible to use the inside of a lighted incubator (plant cultivation container) other than the outdoors or a greenhouse.
Here, the greenhouse generally refers to a building whose purpose is cultivation of plants and the outside of the framework is covered with glass, plastic, or a vinyl sheet. In the present invention, these glass and plastic are used. It is also possible to use a fluorescent radioactive material instead of the vinyl sheet.

Before specifically explaining the crop cultivation method of the present invention, first, a conventional cultivation method will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional cultivation method in which a crop is only covered with a fluorescent radioactive material, and another fluorescent radioactive material or a light reflective material is not used in combination. In the cultivation method described in FIG. 1, incident light (in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 described later in FIG. 1) is obtained by covering the crop 4 with a fluorescent radioactive material 1 a that absorbs light (natural light or artificial light) and emits fluorescence. For the purpose of explanation, “sunlight” is displayed. The same applies hereinafter.) A part of the light can be converted into fluorescence (red light) having a wavelength suitable for photosynthesis of the crop 4 and fruit ripening.
As a result, the light that is the sum of the transmitted light that has passed through or transmitted through the fluorescent radioactive material and the fluorescence that has been wavelength-converted and emitted is used for the photosynthesis and maturation of the crop 4. However, of these lights, only the light irradiated on the surface of the crop 4 is effectively used, and the unused light (sunlight and fluorescence) not irradiated on the crop 4 is irradiated on the ground. It will be. Most of the unused light irradiated to the ground is absorbed by the ground, so that it cannot be used for the photosynthesis and maturation of the crop 4 and is lost.

The present invention is a cultivation method that can reduce the loss and increase the utilization efficiency of given natural light, artificial light, and fluorescence emitted after wavelength conversion.
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the first embodiment, a light-reflective sheet or a fluorescent-radiation net or a fluorescent-radiation sheet as the light-reflective material is laid on a farmland where a crop is cultivated, and the fluorescent-radiation net or the fluorescence is so covered as to cover the crop The method of installing the radioactive sheet will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG.
FIG. 2A is an example in which a fluorescent radioactive net is combined as a material covering crops and a light reflective sheet is combined as a material laid on farmland, and FIG. 2B is a fluorescent radioactive net and materials laid on farmland as materials covering crops. And (c) is an example in which a light-reflective sheet and a fluorescent radiation sheet are combined as materials for covering agricultural crops and a material for laying on farmland.

In the cultivation method shown in FIG. 2A, the light reflective sheet 2 is installed on the surface of the farmland where the crop 4 is cultivated, and the crop 4 grows above the light reflective sheet 2. The fluorescent radiation net 1 is installed with an interval / space.
In this state, when sunlight hits the fluorescent radioactive net 1, fluorescence is emitted from the fluorescent radioactive net 1, and a part of the sunlight passes through the gap of the fluorescent radioactive net 1 and passes through it. When the light-reflecting sheet 2 receives and reflects sunlight and fluorescence that has passed without irradiating the crop (both unused light), the reflected light (sunlight and fluorescence) irradiates the crop 4. .
Therefore, the crop is irradiated with the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation net 1 and the fluorescence reflected by the light reflective sheet 2, that is, receives the fluorescence from two directions, and thus the fluorescence and sunlight are effective. It is possible to activate the photosynthesis of crops.
The “agricultural land” in the present invention includes a farmland where crop seedlings are planted, a farmland where crop seeds are planted, a farmland where fruit trees are planted, etc. If it is cultivated, it shall correspond to farmland.

The fluorescent radioactive net 1 used in the present invention is not limited to the case shown in FIG. 2 (a), and plants can use a part of light constituting natural light or artificial light in the form of fluorescent light emission for photosynthesis. The light. Therefore, the light that has passed through the net 1 has a favorable spectral balance for plant photosynthesis. The light reflective sheet 2 used in the present invention reflects light having a spectral balance favorable for plant photosynthesis in this way, and supplies light to the crop 4 again.
Therefore, when the light reflective sheet and the fluorescent radiation net are combined as shown in FIG. 2A, the farmland is obtained using only the light reflective sheet or the fluorescent radiation sheet without using the fluorescent radiation net 1. Compared with the case where the crop is covered with the fluorescent radioactive net 1 or the fluorescent radioactive sheet without laying the light reflective sheet on the farmland, the photosynthesis efficiency can be remarkably improved.

  Moreover, since the light reflective sheet 2 used for this invention is installed in the surface of farmland, it will be located under the crop 4. For this reason, as described above, the light reflective sheet 2 can reflect the unused light that has not been irradiated to the crop 4 as described above and irradiate the crop 4 with the reflected light. For this reason, since the utilization factor of the light poured on the crop 4 can be improved, the present invention activates the photosynthesis of the crop 4 to increase the yield of the crop 4. Moreover, in the crop 4 which bears fruit, the weight of a fruit can be increased and a sugar content and a nutrient can be increased.

As the light-reflective sheet 2 in the present invention, a sheet having a light reflectance of 95% or more is preferably used, as long as it exhibits the function of reflecting fluorescence and / or sunlight as described above. There is no particular limitation.
In general, in the case of laying on agricultural land, a relatively thin film of flexibility and flexibility that is suitable for the surface state is preferably used, and a molded raw material composition containing at least a thermoplastic resin, Examples include those obtained by dispersing and mixing a white pigment in a thermoplastic resin, and those obtained by performing aluminum vapor deposition on the surface of the thermoplastic resin. Moreover, it is preferably used in terms of availability and cost, such as a white mulching sheet.
However, in the present invention, as long as the light reflectivity is 95% or more, the light reflective material is not limited to a flexible / flexible sheet, but also a rigid plate. Can do. For example, by using a rigid light-reflective sheet on a farmland in combination with a fluorescent radioactive material, the crop can be irradiated with fluorescence from a plurality of directions, and the same effect as the cultivation method of FIG. 2A can be obtained. it can.

Next, another example of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In this example, a fluorescent radiation net or a fluorescent radiation sheet is used as a material used for laying a fluorescent radiation net or a fluorescent radiation sheet on a farmland where the crop is cultivated, and covering the crop. In this embodiment, the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet receives light to irradiate light and light that passes through the fluorescent radioactive material covering the crop directly to the crop, and the transmitted light is emitted from the fluorescent light. It is a method of irradiating a crop with the emitted fluorescence by irradiating a radioactive net or the fluorescent radiation sheet.

First, a specific example in which a fluorescent radioactive net 1 is combined as a material for covering agricultural crops and a fluorescent radioactive sheet is combined as a material laid on farmland will be described with reference to FIG.
When the fluorescent radioactive net 1 is irradiated with light, fluorescence is emitted from the net 1 and irradiates the crops together with the light passing through the gaps in the net 1. Further, when the fluorescence emitted from the net 1 that does not irradiate the crops and the sunlight that has passed through the gaps in the net 1 reach the fluorescent radiation sheet 3, the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 converts the wavelength of the sunlight into new fluorescence. The fluorescence is emitted and the crop 4 is irradiated.
Therefore, the crop receives the fluorescence from two directions and the sunlight that has passed through the gaps of the fluorescent radioactive net 1, and activates photosynthesis. Furthermore, it is considered as a possibility that the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation net 1 and not irradiating the crop is reflected and irradiated with the crop after reaching the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 laid on the farmland.

  Although the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 usable in the present invention will be described in detail later, a thermoplastic resin containing a predetermined amount of a fluorescent dye is formed into a sheet shape. Therefore, when it is irradiated with natural light or artificial light, photosynthesis is performed. It is possible to emit fluorescence having a wavelength range suitable for the above. For this reason, when the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 is installed on the surface of the farmland, when the transmitted light that has passed through the gap of the net 1 located above the crop 4 and is not wavelength-converted reaches the surface of the farmland as unused light. Such unused light is absorbed by the fluorescent radioactive sheet 3 present on the surface of the farmland, and the absorbed unused light is again emitted upward as fluorescence and irradiated to the crop 4. Therefore, the utilization rate of the light falling on the crop 4 can be improved, so that the photosynthesis of the crop 4 is activated and the yield of the crop 4 is increased. As the fluorescent radiation sheet 3, the already described fluorescent radiation net may be used.

Next, still another example of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In this example, as shown in (c) of FIG. 2, a fluorescent radiation sheet 3 is laid on the light reflective sheet 2. In this case, the effective use of light by the light reflective sheet 2 already described in FIG. 2A and the effective use of light by the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 already described in FIG. can do. Further, as the fluorescent radiation sheet 3, the already described fluorescent radiation net may be used.

Although not shown, (a), (b) and (c) in FIG. 2 are examples in which a fluorescent radioactive net is installed as a material for covering crops, but the fluorescent radioactive net is replaced with a fluorescent radioactive sheet. The same effect can be obtained even when installed.
That is, although there is no space | gap part like a fluorescence radiation net | network in a fluorescent radiation sheet | seat, since the light transmittance is about 80 to 95% so that it may mention later, all the irradiated light is not converted into fluorescence. As in the case of using a fluorescent radioactive net, a part of the irradiated light is transmitted and reaches the material laid on the farmland directly and functions effectively to promote photosynthesis. .

The fluorescent radiation net or fluorescent radiation sheet can be installed so as to cover the crop. The net is directly hung on the crop so as to cover the top of the crop, and the net is supported by a dome-shaped support installed so as to cover the crop. Although the method of making it etc. is illustrated, it does not specifically limit. In order to support the net on the dome-shaped support body, a mode in which a plurality of arch-like support bodies that straddle the fence on which the crop is planted is set apart and the nets are put on the support bodies is exemplified. The In such an embodiment, the entire bag is covered with a tunnel-like net. In this case, it is preferable that the longitudinal direction of the tunnel coincides with the north-south direction so that light is uniformly applied to the crops in the tunnel formed by the net. For this purpose, it is preferable that the dome-shaped support is installed so that the longitudinal direction thereof coincides with the north-south direction.
Further, the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet may be used alone, or a plurality of the fluorescent radioactive nets may be used.

  Alternatively, a moisturizing and / or heat retaining sheet may be laid on the surface of the farmland where the crop is cultivated, and the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 may be laid on the moisturizing and / or heat retaining sheet.

Next, a second embodiment of the crop cultivation method of the present invention will be described.
The second embodiment uses cylindrical or bag-like materials (collectively referred to as bag-like materials) made of a fluorescent radioactive net or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, and covers the bag-like materials on growing fruits or fruits. The cultivation method is such that the fruit or fruit receives fluorescence from the surroundings, and further, the umbrella-shaped material made of the fluorescent radioactive sheet is used, and the umbrella-shaped material is placed above the fruit or fruit covered with the bag-shaped material. It is a cultivation method performed by attaching materials.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and an umbrella made of a fluorescent radioactive sheet as a material above a fruit of a crop 4 ′ covered with a bag-like material 1 ′ made of a fluorescent radioactive net. A shaped material 3 'is installed.

As shown in FIG. 3, when a vegetable or fruit fruit is covered with a bag-like material 1 ′ made of a fluorescent radioactive net or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, the vegetable or fruit fruit 4 ′ (in FIG. 3, rice cake is described as an example. The fluorescence converted into the wavelength that contributes to the ripening and sunlight is irradiated in a well-balanced manner from the periphery of the fruit of the vegetable or fruit.
Fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, cucumbers, and fruits such as apples, peaches, apricots, persimmons, pears, will improve fruiting when irradiated with red light. It is generally said that the contained nutrients and the like can be increased, and the cultivation method of the present invention is also effective for such purposes. In particular, by using such bag-like materials in the cultivation of red vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, and pink grapefruits, the antioxidant component lycopene contained in these vegetables and fruits is increased. Therefore, the added value of these vegetables and fruits can be increased.
Further, the umbrella-shaped material 3 ′ made of a fluorescent radioactive sheet is placed above the fruit or fruit 4 ′ covered with the bag-shaped material 1 ′ or separated from the bag-shaped material 1 ′. In addition to the photosynthetic promoting effect obtained by the bag-like material 1 ′ and the umbrella-like material 3 ′, a “sunburn preventing effect” for fruits and the like is also expected.
In the crop cultivation method using the umbrella-shaped material 3 ′ and / or the bag-shaped material 1 ′, for example, when the crop is a fruit attached to a tree, the surface of the farmland where the tree is planted is In order to obtain the same effect, a light reflective sheet or a fluorescent radioactive material can be laid.

Furthermore, the 3rd embodiment of the crop cultivation method of this invention is demonstrated.
A third embodiment is house cultivation using a fluorescent radioactive net and / or a fluorescent radioactive sheet.
As one specific example thereof, there is a method of using a house in which a fluorescent radioactive net and / or a fluorescent radioactive sheet is installed as an outer wall material on a roof portion or a wall surface.
Examples of the housing of the house in the present embodiment include a galvanized pipe and the like, but are not particularly limited. Moreover, it does not specifically limit about the structure of a house, a magnitude | size, a shape, etc., The thing currently used for the conventional greenhouse can be used.
Which of the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet is used as the outer wall material constituting the roof portion and wall surface of the house of the present invention can be appropriately selected according to the environment, the type of crops, and the like.
For example, in order to avoid rain and snow, a fluorescent sheet having no air gap is suitable as a material for the roof portion, but a fluorescent net having a low porosity can also be selected. As such an example, a case where a fluorescent net is used in consideration of air permeability in the house can be mentioned.
In the farmland provided in such a house, the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radioactive material is irradiated from multiple directions of the roof and the wall surface, and sunlight is also irradiated in a well-balanced manner, so that photosynthesis is activated, The desired agricultural products can be cultivated.
In order to obtain the same effect as in the first embodiment, a light reflective sheet or a fluorescent radioactive material can be laid on the farmland surface in the house.

The other specific example regarding the cultivation using a house which is a 3rd embodiment is demonstrated.
This specific example is a cultivation method in which a conventional plastic greenhouse is used and a fluorescent radioactive material is installed so as to cover a crop or a farmland cultivated therein.
Although this cultivation method is similar to the first embodiment, since the sunlight that enters the house is transmitted through the vinyl on the outer wall, the amount of light is lower than in other cases, and accordingly, The amount of fluorescent light radiated from the fluorescent radioactive material by sunlight and reaching the crops and the amount of sunlight passing through the fluorescent radioactive material and reaching the crops are generally weakened.
Therefore, when selecting the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet, this point is taken into consideration, and further, the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation material is utilized to the maximum extent, so that the crop can emit the fluorescence from as many directions as possible. It is necessary to install a fluorescent radioactive material so that it can be irradiated.
For example, the fluorescent radioactive material should be installed at an angle so that the fluorescent radioactive material of a large area is folded and installed toward the crop, or multiple fluorescent radioactive materials are installed toward the crop. Is preferred.
As another specific example, after selecting a fluorescent net having a relatively high porosity so that a large amount of sunlight is irradiated on agricultural products, the large-area fluorescent net is fixed to be suspended from the ceiling of the house, Fixing both ends of the net so as to form an isosceles triangle with its fixed part at the apex, and attaching it so as to cover the farmland, it radiates from the two hypotenuse nets of the isosceles triangle, that is, from two directions Fluorescence can irradiate produce.

Next, the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet used in the present invention will be described. The fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention have a function of absorbing harmful ultraviolet light and light in the blue light region and converting them into useful visible light when irradiated with light such as sunlight. That is, it is necessary to radiate light in a band particularly used for a plant photosynthesis reaction as fluorescence. For this purpose, light in a wavelength range of 250 to 650 nm is absorbed and fluorescence in a wavelength range of 450 to 700 nm is absorbed. What emits is preferred. If the fluorescence emission wavelength region is within this range, a sufficient photosynthesis promoting effect can be obtained.
In particular, the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention are not only harmful in the wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B), but also in the harmful wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C). The attenuation rate in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) is 5.5 to 12.0%, and the attenuation rate in the wavelength range 250 to 280 nm (UV-C) is 17.5 to 28. Those that are 0.0% are preferably used.
It is presumed that the amount of lycopene contained in red vegetables such as tomatoes and fruits increases by the crop cultivation method of the present invention is due to the attenuation of UV-C.

  Thus, the fluorescent radioactive material of the present invention has an ultraviolet shielding effect. In recent years, there is a concern about an increase in the amount of ultraviolet light that falls on the surface of the earth with the destruction of the ozone layer. Ultraviolet rays are said to have an adverse effect on intracellular chromosomes, and this is no exception in plants. Cells affected by ultraviolet rays are destroyed, and the affected crops are inhibited from growing. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures against ultraviolet rays to promote the growth of the crops.

  In order to verify the effect of the above-mentioned ultraviolet attenuation of the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention, the present inventors use the fluorescent sheet, (1) one uses a daylight fluorescent lamp, and (2) the other When the growth of Hatsukadai radish was observed using the daylight fluorescent lamp and a black light in combination, the case of (1) was compared to the case of using the black light containing ultraviolet rays of (2). As a result, light containing no ultraviolet rays was effective for growing crops, and the usefulness of the present invention was confirmed. This will be specifically described in Reference Example 1 described later.

Moreover, when the present inventors measured the temperature in a house using (1) the conventional vinyl house, and (2) the house which comprises all the roof parts and wall surfaces with the fluorescent sheet used for this invention, When the outside air temperature is about 30 ° C. and the solar radiation intensity is about 800 W / m ² , the temperature is about 35 ° C. in the case of (1), whereas it is about 27 ° C. in the case of (2). It was.
This is because the fluorescent sheet used in the present invention attenuates light in the short wavelength region, so that the energy taken into the house is greatly reduced, and the energy is reduced by about 30 to 40%. It is guessed.

  Furthermore, when the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is irradiated with light, it emits not only 450-700 nm fluorescent light effective for photosynthesis from the surface but also far-infrared rays having a longer wavelength in practice. From this, it is considered that the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention has a high reflectance of the inner surface with respect to far infrared rays, and conversely, the emissivity for radiating far infrared rays to the outside is small. Therefore, especially in the case of a house composed of a fluorescent sheet, it is presumed that this property has a higher heat retention than a conventional vinyl house.

Moreover, since the vision of a pest that feeds on agricultural products generally has a strong sensitivity in the red region, it is possible to give a strong stimulus to the vision of the pest by emitting fluorescence in the wavelength range as described above. For this reason, a pest comes to take action which avoids such irritation | stimulation, and can exhibit an insect-proof effect. Furthermore, since light in the ultraviolet region that damages plant cells is absorbed (cut), it can have a favorable effect on the growth of crops.
Furthermore, according to the verification by the present inventors, it was confirmed that this fluorescent radioactive material has a soil bactericidal effect, for example, an effect of controlling powdery mildew of parsley.

  The present invention is a method of promoting photosynthesis using fluorescence and sunlight. For this reason, the fluorescent radioactive material does not convert all of the irradiated sunlight into fluorescence, but in the case of a fluorescence net. Part of the sunlight needs to pass through the gap, and in the case of a fluorescent sheet, it is necessary to transmit part of the sunlight. Therefore, in the case of a fluorescent sheet, the transmittance is preferably about 80 to 95%.

The fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention forms a rough surface having a fine uneven state rather than an optically smooth surface in order to efficiently emit the fluorescence generated inside the material constituting them to the outside. It is preferable. Since the surface is such a rough surface, the fluorescence generated inside the material is irregularly reflected on the rough surface, and the amount of fluorescent light emitted to the outside of the material increases due to the irregular reflection. The effect can be further enhanced.
As described later, the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is a thin or thin material, so there are fine irregularities on the surface from the beginning, in order to take out the fluorescence more efficiently to the outside, You may provide an unevenness | corrugation in the surface of the raw material which comprises these intentionally.

  The fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention absorbs natural light or artificial light and emits wavelength-converted fluorescence from the upper surface (front surface) and the lower surface (back surface), thereby bringing about an effect of promoting photosynthesis. Here, when a woven or knitted fabric such as a fluorescent radioactive net is used, the woven or knitted fabric is knitted with a gap (called a void) between the weft and the warp, so all the irradiated light is converted into fluorescence. Not to do. For this reason, light necessary for photosynthesis is allowed to pass from the gap, and the gap contributes to the growth of crops, such as ensuring air permeability and releasing excessive moisture.

The porosity of the fluorescent net in the present invention will be described.
The porosity means the ratio of the area of the void portion to the total area of the net.
If the porosity is reduced, that is, the net material amount is increased by narrowing the net of the net, the amount of emitted fluorescence increases, but the amount of natural light or artificial light transmitted through the net decreases, It is preferable to appropriately select the porosity according to the cultivation place, environment, and type of the crop.
For example, when the crop is covered directly with a fluorescent net or supported with a dome-shaped support, the porosity is preferably designed to be 70 to 90%. On the other hand, when a fluorescent net is used on a large scale as in the above-mentioned house cultivation, the porosity may be set to 30 to 50% in consideration of wind and snow, air permeability, and the like.

  A plurality of fluorescent radioactive materials used in the present invention can be used as needed. In the case of a fluorescent net, since the porosity of the net can be adjusted, the balance between the light transmitted through the net and the wavelength-converted fluorescence can be adjusted in accordance with the crops.

  The fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention is produced from a composition comprising at least a thermoplastic resin and a fluorescent dye as a raw material. For example, a film obtained by molding such a composition is cut and processed. And a woven or knitted fabric produced using a flat yarn, monofilament, composite monofilament or the like obtained as a raw material. Although it does not specifically limit as such a woven / knitted fabric, A net | network (net | network) can be illustrated.

  Among the above materials for producing the fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention, the flat yarn has a thickness of preferably about 5 to 150 μm, and more preferably about 10 to 100 μm. Moreover, about a monofilament, it is preferable that a fiber diameter is 140-1000 micrometers, and it is more preferable that it is about 220-700 micrometers. In addition, it is preferable that the thickness of the film used as a raw material of a flat yarn is about 0.2-0.7 mm, and it is more preferable that it is about 0.1-0.5 mm.

  On the other hand, the fluorescent radiation sheet is obtained by molding, for example, a composition composed of at least a thermoplastic resin and a fluorescent dye, as a raw material, like the fluorescent radiation net. Although it does not specifically limit as a shaping | molding method, Extrusion molding, injection molding, compression molding, etc. can be used, Especially extrusion molding is used preferably. The thickness of the sheet is exemplified by about 0.2 to 0.7 mm, but is not limited thereto, and may be appropriately determined in consideration of factors such as required strength and cost.

  Fluorescent dyes used in fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets are only required if the emitted light (fluorescence) generated by irradiating the fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets with light such as sunlight exhibits a photosynthetic promoting effect. There is no particular limitation.

  Therefore, when any of yellow, orange, and red light is desired as the emitted light, the light absorption wavelength region is preferably 400 to 600 nm, more preferably 470 to 600 nm, and sunlight or the like. A fluorescent dye having a wavelength region of the emitted light generated when irradiated with light in a range of 450 to 700 nm is preferably used for obtaining a photosynthesis promoting effect. In addition, by using such a fluorescent dye, the various effects described above can be obtained.

  In addition, when a red color is desired as the emitted light, the light absorption wavelength region is preferably 250 to 650 nm, and the wavelength region of the emitted light generated when irradiated with light such as sunlight is 450 to 650. Fluorescent dyes such as those present at 700 nm are preferably used.

  The fluorescent dye includes fluorescent dyes and fluorescent pigments. As the fluorescent dye, nonionic fluorescent dyes, for example, polycyclic dyes such as violanthrone dyes, vilantron dyes, flavantron dyes, perylene dyes and pyrene dyes, xanthene dyes, thioxanthene dyes, Naphthalimide dyes, naphtholactam dyes, anthraquinone dyes, benzoanthrone dyes, coumarin dyes and the like can be mentioned. From these, a fluorescent dye having the above absorption wavelength range and emitting light in the above wavelength range is appropriately selected. Among them, a perylene dye or a naphthalimide dye is preferable, and a perylene dye is particularly preferable.

  Examples of the perylene dye include Yellow 083, Orange 240, and Red 305 of trade names Lumogen F series manufactured by BASF Akchengezelshaft.

  Examples of naphthalimide dyes include Violet 570 and Blue 650 of the trade name Lumogen F series manufactured by BASF Akchengezelshaft.

  These fluorescent dyes are used by dissolving in an organic solvent such as glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones or amides, or water.

The density | concentration of the said fluorescent pigment | dye contained in the fluorescence radiation net | network and fluorescence radiation sheet | seat used by this invention is 0.001-0.03 mass with respect to the thermoplastic resin which comprises these fluorescence radiation net | networks and a fluorescence radiation sheet | seat. %, And more preferably 0.015 to 0.02% by mass.
When the content of the fluorescent dye is insufficient, the amount of radiation (fluorescence) decreases as the amount of absorption of light such as sunlight decreases, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the content of the fluorescent dye is excessive, the amount of absorption of light such as sunlight increases, but the amount of radiation (fluorescence) decreases due to concentration quenching, which is not preferable.

  The fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention preferably contain one type of fluorescent dye. When a plurality of fluorescent dyes are contained, it is not preferable because the absorbed light tends to be divided to reduce the amount of fluorescence. Therefore, when it is necessary to contain a plurality of fluorescent dyes, a plurality of fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets may be used, each containing a different fluorescent dye.

  In the process of creating the invention, the present inventors have repeatedly used the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet, so that the fluorescent dye gradually elutes from them, and the emission (fluorescence) intensity decreases, resulting in a short period of time. The phenomenon that the expected effect disappears was confirmed. The reason why such a phenomenon occurs is presumed that the compatibility between the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye, or the dispersibility of the fluorescent dye is insufficient, so that the combination of the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye has good compatibility. It is preferable to select one.

The fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is required to be stable for a long period of time against wind and rain, changes in temperature, etc. in order to be able to exhibit the photosynthetic promoting effect and insect repellent effect for a long period of time. It is desirable that the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye have good dispersibility and compatibility, and that the fluorescent dye does not come out of the molded body.
Therefore, examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyester, nylon, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, etc. From the above viewpoint, among the above thermoplastic resins, polyester, nylon, polyolefin-based resin Resins are preferably used, and polyesters are particularly preferably used.
For the outer wall material of a general greenhouse, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride, fluororesin, etc. are used as the thermoplastic resin. However, in the case of a fluorescent radiation sheet or a fluorescent net containing the fluorescent dye as in the present invention As described above, after considering the dispersibility and compatibility between the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye, they can be appropriately selected and used.

  About polyester, it is desirable to use what synthesize | combined selecting the acid component and glycol component which comprise polyester suitably for the said objective.

  Examples of the polyester include acid components such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4- Examples thereof include a polymer obtained by condensation polymerization with a glycol component such as cyclohexanedimethanol and cyclohexanediol, and a copolymer obtained by replacing a part of the acid component and / or glycol component with a copolymerization component. Specifically, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate are exemplified as preferable materials.

  Examples of nylon include nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6/11, nylon 6/12, and the like.

  Furthermore, as the polyolefin, polyethylene resins such as high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, branched low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene / α-olefin copolymer produced using a metallocene catalyst, Examples include polypropylene resins such as propylene homopolymer, ethylene-propylene block copolymer, and ethylene-propylene random copolymer.

  The thermoplastic resin may be a biodegradable resin.

  The fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention may contain an anti-fading agent and / or a light-resistant additive without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Further, commonly used additives such as an antioxidant, a dispersant, a lubricant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, an inorganic filler, a crosslinking agent, a foaming agent, and a nucleating agent can be blended.

  Next, wavelength conversion characteristics when the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is used will be described. A PPFD (photosynthetic effective photon flux density) value is used as an index of the intensity of irradiation light related to plant growth. The PPFD value is obtained by dividing the photon number incident on the unit time unit area for each light in the red wavelength band (580 to 780 nm) and the blue wavelength band (380 to 580 nm) of the incident light by the Avogadro number, and each wavelength band. It is defined by the value integrated by.

で表され、赤色帯のＰＰＦＤ値（Ｉ_λＲ）は、

で表される。 That, E the energy per unit time at a wavelength of _lambda lambda, h the Planck's constant, [nu _lambda frequency at the wavelength lambda, and when the N _a and Avogadro number, PPFD values of the blue band (I _.lambda.B) is

The PPFD value (I _λR ) of the red band is

It is represented by

The present inventors paid attention to the R / B ratio defined by the formula R / B = I _λR / I _λB , and the fluorescent radioactive net-like material and fluorescent radioactive material effective for promoting photosynthesis and providing an insect repellent effect As a condition of the sheet, a fluorescent radioactive net-like material or a fluorescent radioactive sheet corresponding to the R / B value (X) of the irradiation light itself (light that is directly irradiated to the crop without using the fluorescent radioactive net-like material or fluorescent radioactive sheet) It was confirmed that the R / B value (Y) ratio (referred to as R / B relative value) of the passed light is preferably 1.1 to 1.5.

  If the R / B relative value is too small, the PPFD value of the red band becomes too small and a sufficient photosynthesis promoting effect cannot be obtained. The same applies when the fluorescent radioactive net-like material is used in an overlapping manner, and the R / B relative value may be calculated using the R / B value (Y) of the light that has passed through the overlapping net. As already described, a plurality of fluorescent radioactive nets can be used as necessary, and the PPFD value of the red band can be increased as the number increases, but at the same time, the irradiation light is strongly shielded. Therefore, the desired effect cannot be obtained even if the R / B relative value is too large.

  As for the R / B value, when the irradiation light used for growing the crop is natural light such as sunlight, the R of the light that has passed through the fluorescent radiation net (light that has undergone wavelength conversion by fluorescence). The / B value is preferably about 0.90 to 1.25, and in the case of artificial light such as a fluorescent lamp, the R / B value of light passing through the fluorescent radiation net is about 1.00 to 1.40. It was confirmed that it was preferable. When the fluorescent radioactive nets are used in an overlapping manner, the R / B value of the light that has passed through the overlapping nets is preferably within the above range.

Note that when the intensity of natural light (sunlight) (referred to as solar radiation intensity) is 1 kW per 1 m ² , it is referred to as reference solar radiation intensity and is used as a standard for the spectral distribution of sunlight. At this time, the R / B value of natural light itself is 0.8 (± 5%), and the R / B value of artificial light such as a fluorescent lamp is 0.94. In the case of natural light such as sunlight, the intensity varies from day to day, so ± 5% means the degree of change.

In the present invention, by using a fluorescent radioactive material having such characteristics, the crop yield can be increased by 1.2 to 2.0 times or more compared to the case where these materials are not used.
In addition, when the fluorescent radioactive material is used, naturally, the irradiation light amount of natural light or artificial light reaching the crop is reduced by about 20% at the maximum, but according to the experiment results of the present inventors, the irradiation light is reduced to this extent. It was confirmed that the yield did not decrease significantly even if (dim).

The fluorescent radioactive net material used in the present invention has an insecticidal (insect control) effect.
(1) When a red fluorescent dye is used The present inventors include a red ordinary dye (non-fluorescent dye) when a fluorescent radioactive net-like material or a fluorescent radioactive sheet containing a red fluorescent dye is used. Compared to the case of using net-like materials and sheets, it was confirmed that the stimulation given to the human eye (the characteristic of human photopic vision by stimulation in a bright place) is about 3.0 times.
Therefore, if a fluorescent dye that emits fluorescence in the wavelength range felt by pests is selected and used in a fluorescent radioactive net-like material or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, the pests will become more irritating, so the pests will approach vegetables and fruits. Can be prevented.

(2) When yellow and orange fluorescent dyes are used The same applies when using fluorescent radioactive net-like materials and fluorescent radioactive sheets that use yellow and orange fluorescent dyes. It has been confirmed by the present inventors that the characteristics of human photopic vision (stimulus) are about 3.2 times.

  As an example of a fluorescent radioactive net that effectively exhibits such insect repellent (insect control) effect, one of the warp and weft yarns has a fluorescent dye that generates fluorescence in the wavelength region contributing to the effect of promoting photosynthesis, and the other material. In addition, a fluorescent dye that generates fluorescence in a wavelength region (about 450 to 600 nm) that contributes to the insect repellent effect can be contained, and the fluorescent dye that contributes to the photosynthesis promoting effect can be selected and used according to the type of crop. it can.

  Next, among the fluorescent radiation nets of the present invention, the fluorescent radiation woven or knitted fabric, particularly the fluorescence radiation net will be described in detail.

  The raw yarn used to manufacture the fluorescent radioactive net is a flat yarn obtained by slitting a film produced by various molding machines and then drawing, a split yarn obtained by splitting a flat yarn, a circular or deformed nozzle A monofilament such as a monofilament obtained by stretching a filament extruded from or a multifilament obtained by focusing a low-definition filament, a composite yarn such as a multi-layer, a core-sheath, or a parallel-type can be used without limitation.

  In addition, in order to produce a fluorescent radioactive net, a twisted yarn having a diameter of about 0.3 to 0.5 mm is made from a long film obtained by slitting the film, and 3 to 5 pieces of the twisted yarn are bundled. It can also be used as a material.

  A film used for producing a flat yarn is a mixture obtained by mixing a thermoplastic resin with a predetermined ratio of a fluorescent dye in advance using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and feeding the mixture to an extruder, or kneading, or It can be prepared by using a known method such as an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method, a compression molding method, etc. after supplying a predetermined proportion of thermoplastic resin and fluorescent dye directly to an extruder and kneading them. . In addition, a masterbatch in which a high-concentration fluorescent dye is previously contained in the same or similar resin as the base thermoplastic resin is prepared, and the film is adjusted so that the fluorescent dye has a predetermined content at the time of film formation. You may employ | adopt what is called a masterbatch method which shape | molds.

  For example, when using a film obtained by an extrusion molding method, a flat yarn is a mixture of the above thermoplastic resin such as polyolefin, polyester or nylon and a fluorescent dye, and is charged into an extruder. Then, it is extruded in an amorphous state by the T-die method or the inflation method and then cooled and solidified. The resulting film is slit to a width of about 2 to 50 mm, preferably about 5 to 30 mm, and then stretched and then heat-treated. Is done. The stretching treatment at this time is performed at a temperature below the melting point of the high melting point thermoplastic resin or above the softening point of the low melting point thermoplastic resin. The heating method includes a hot roll type, a hot plate type, a hot air type, etc. Any method may be adopted.

  The slit thermoplastic film is heated and drawn by a roll having a circumferential speed difference between the front and rear rolls, thereby forming a drawn yarn. The draw ratio is preferably 3 to 15 times, more preferably 4 to 12 times, and most preferably 5 to 10 times. If the draw ratio is 3 times or more, sufficient strength of the flat yarn can be obtained. Moreover, if the draw ratio is 15 times or less, it is possible to prevent the flat yarn from being cracked due to the orientation in the drawing direction being too strong. Further, the single yarn fineness of the drawn yarn is usually 200 to 10000 dtex (hereinafter abbreviated as dt), preferably 500 to 5000 dt.

  A net-shaped woven or knitted fabric is produced by weaving the drawn yarn made of the thermoplastic resin thus obtained as warp and weft.

The fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention include, for example, a fluorescent dye on the surface of a material such as a film containing a thermoplastic resin or a long film thereof, flat yarn, monofilament and / or composite monofilament. Also included are those made from the deposited material. In this case, the conditions such as the material and the manufacturing method other than attaching the fluorescent dye to the surface of the material are the same as those of the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet prepared from the composition mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye. It is omitted. Here, “attachment of fluorescent dye to the surface of the material” means that a film made of fluorescent dye is formed by applying a fluorescent dye coating solution on the surface of the material, or dyeing using a dye type fluorescent dye As in the case, it means a state in which a fluorescent dye is attached by surface treatment.
However, as described above, those prepared by kneading a pigment with a resin are more preferable in terms of durability than those “attached”.

  Next, among the fluorescent radioactive nets used in the present invention, particularly preferable conditions for producing a woven or knitted fabric will be described.

  For producing the woven or knitted fabric, at least two kinds of materials for warp and weft are used. Such materials are selected from, for example, long films, flat yarns, monofilaments, and the like and secondary processed products thereof, but the two types of materials may be the same or different. It may be. Therefore, the woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention includes those woven using different materials for the warp and the weft.

  Further, the two types of materials used for the warp and the weft may contain fluorescent dyes having the same emission wavelength range, or may contain fluorescent dyes having different emission wavelength ranges. Examples of fluorescent dyes having different emission wavelength ranges include the same type of fluorescent dyes having the same dye skeleton but different substituents, and different types of fluorescent dyes having different dye skeletons.

  Moreover, a fluorescent dye can be contained only in one of the respective materials constituting the warp and the weft, and the other can not contain a fluorescent dye. Such a method is preferably used to adjust the transmittance of light such as sunlight.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, this invention is not limited to the following Example.

<Preparation of fluorescent radioactive nets A and B>
(1) Production of fluorescent radiation net material film As a thermoplastic resin, polycondensation of ethylene glycol / 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol = 60/40 (mass ratio) as a glycol component and terephthalic acid as an acidic component. The resulting polyester resin (manufactured by SK Chemicals, trade name: PET-G, brand: S2008) was prepared. This polyester resin is blended with 0.02% by mass of a perylene-based dye (manufactured by BISF Akchengezelshaft, Inc., trade name: Lumogen F Red300) as a fluorescent dye, and kneaded with a Henschel mixer to obtain a resin composition. Was made. Next, using a 65 mmφ extruder, the resin composition obtained by the T-die method (melting temperature 260 ° C.) was formed into a film shape and cooled and solidified at 30 ° C. to prepare a film having a thickness of 60 μm. The perylene fluorescent dye used absorbs light in the wavelength region of about 520 to about 590 nm (maximum absorption wavelength is 578 nm) and emits fluorescence in the wavelength region of about 600 to about 680 nm (maximum fluorescence wavelength). 613 nm).

(2) Production of a fluorescent radioactive net From the long film obtained by slitting the film of (1) above, a twisted yarn having a diameter of about 0.4 mm is produced, and a bundle of three twisted yarns is produced as a net. As a material for. Next, using this material as warp and weft, a raschel knitting machine is used to produce a fluorescent radioactive net A having a mesh size of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm (a porosity of about 83%) and a mesh size of 0.5 cm × 0. A 5 cm fluorescent radioactive net B (porosity of about 40%) was prepared.

<Preparation of fluorescent radioactive net C>
A film was prepared in the same manner as in (1) above, except that a perylene dye (manufactured by BSF Akchengezelshaft, trade name: Lumogen F Red305) was used as the fluorescent dye. The produced film was slit to a width of 5 mm and then stretched to obtain a flat yarn (containing a fluorescent dye) having a fineness of 600 dt.
On the other hand, high-density polyethylene (MFR = 0.7 g / 10 min, density = 0.957 g / cm ³ , Tm = 129 ° C.) is melt-extruded with a monofilament forming die, then cooled and solidified at 20 ° C., and then stretched to obtain fineness. A 700 dt monofilament (without fluorescent dye) was obtained.
Using the obtained monofilament as a chain knitting yarn and the obtained flat yarn as an insertion yarn, using a Russell knitting machine, a mesh of 2.0 × 2.0 cm and an area of 1.5 m ² A fluorescent radioactive net C was prepared.

<Preparation of fluorescent radioactive sheet S>
Byron SI-173 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. is used as the polyester resin, and 0.02% by mass of the perylene dye used in the production of the fluorescent radioactive nets A and B as a fluorescent dye is mixed into a film by an inflation molding method. A fluorescent radiation sheet S was prepared. The light transmittance of this fluorescent radiation sheet S was about 85%.

<Ultraviolet shielding effect of fluorescent radioactive net A>
In order to measure the ultraviolet shielding effect of the fluorescent radioactive net A produced by the above-described manufacturing method, the cumulative amount of UV-B and UV-C before and after passing through one net A is measured using a xenon lamp as a light source. The cut rate (attenuation rate%) of UV-B and UV-C by A was calculated.
Net used: Net A
Light source: Xenon lamp 10 seconds 100 shots Integrated light measurement device: PowerPuck manufactured by EIT

  As a result of the above measurement, the intensity of UV-B and UV-C contained in the xenon lamp after passing through the net A is attenuated by 6.7% and 18.5%, respectively, compared with before passing through the net A. I understood that. From this, it was confirmed that the fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention shields UV-B and UV-C, which are harmful ultraviolet rays, and can prevent crop growth inhibition by ultraviolet rays. The cut rates of UV-B and UV-C when the net A was doubled were 13.5% and 29.7%, respectively.

<Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2>
(An outdoor cultivation test of Hatsukadai radish by a combination of a fluorescent radioactive net and a light reflective sheet)
Four farms in the Miyagawa Nishiyama area, Chino City, Nagano Prefecture, with approximately 120 cm in the east-west direction and approximately 90 cm in the north-south direction, spaced 140 cm or 200 cm apart (hereinafter referred to as 畝 A, 畝 B, 畝 C, 畝 D). Prepared and conducted an open-air cultivation test of daikon radish. The cultivation period is 25 days from May 28, 2008 to June 21, 2008, during which the average temperature is 18.0 ° C., the average sunshine duration is 5.9 hours, and the integrated value of incident light is 114 It was 3 kWh / m ² .
The cultivation test was performed by opening 24 holes with a size of about 3 cm × about 3 cm at intervals of about 18 cm. Moreover, 24 sheets of white mulching sheets (hereinafter, also referred to as “white mulch”) that can be cultivated as a light-reflective sheet were laid on the ridge A, ridge B, and ridge D one by one. Then, the seeds of the radish radish (manufactured by Sakata Seed Co., Brassicaceae genus) were planted in 24 holes of 畝 A, 畝 B and 畝 D laid with white mulch. For the cocoon C without the white mulch, 24 holes were similarly drilled and seeded.

  Next, a fluorescent radioactive net A (mesh: about 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm, porosity: about 83%) having a size of about 2 m × 2 m is prepared, and about three 畝 A, 畝 B, and 畝 C After fixing a total of three semicircular arc-shaped aluminum supports to both ends and the center in the east-west direction, cover A and C with one fluorescent radioactive net A, and 3 The fluorescent radioactive net A was overlapped and covered to form a dome shape having a height of about 1.5 m.

  Thereafter, the weight of the daikon radish harvested from each cocoon was weighed, and the average value was calculated for the top six weights. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, “◯” indicates that the material is used, and “x” indicates that the material is not used.

  As shown in Table 1, the average weight of the radish cultivated using the fluorescent radioactive net and white mulch is higher than that of the radish radish cultivated using only the fluorescent radioactive net and white mulch. It can be seen that there is an increase of 24% and 30%. This is an epoch-making result in the cultivation of Hatsukadai radish.

<Examples 3-6, Comparative Examples 3-6>
(Cultivation test of daikon radish)
A cultivation test of Hatsukadai radish was conducted for 28 days from June 3 to June 30, 2009 at the Suwa Tokyo University of Science campus in Chino, Nagano. During that time, the average outside air temperature was 23.0 ° C., the average sunshine duration was 6.1 hours, and the integrated value of incident light was 105 Wh / m ² .
In the cultivation test, eight planters having a width of about 50 cm, a length of about 120 cm, and a height of about 50 cm are prepared (planters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H) and are used as agricultural materials. Fluorescent radioactive net B (mesh: about 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm, porosity: about 40%, also referred to as fluorescent net B), fluorescent radioactive sheet S (also referred to as fluorescent sheet S), and Example 1 The same light reflective sheet (also referred to as white mulch) was used.
In addition, as a material to be laid on the surface of the soil in the planters A, B, C, D and E, holes of about 3 cm × about 3 cm were opened at approximately equal intervals in 12 locations of the white mulch or fluorescent sheet S, respectively. Things (shown in Table 2) were prepared. After laying each material on the surface of the soil in each planter, each hole was planted with radish seeds (American, Brassicaceae genus, germination rate of 85% or more).

Next, seeded planters A, B, C, and D were covered with the materials shown in Table 2 after fixing the aluminum support in the same manner as in Example 1 (Examples 3 and 4). 5, 6).
The planter E did not use the covering material (Comparative Example 3).
Also, planters F and G do not use materials laid on the surface of the soil, sow the above seeds in 12 locations, fix the aluminum support, and then cover with the materials shown in Table 2 (Comparative Example 4, 5) Furthermore. The planter H was seeded with the above-mentioned seeds in 12 locations without using any material for covering or covering (Comparative Example 6). The planters F, G, and H were seeded with the above-mentioned seeds at the same intervals as the planters in which the material was laid on the soil surface, although the material was not laid on the soil surface.
The total weight of the harvested daikon radishes including fruits and leaves was weighed, and the average value was calculated for the top 10 strains with the highest weight. Further, after measuring the actual sugar content of the top 10 strains, the average value of the sugar content is calculated, and the sugar content varies (for the top 10 strains, the actual minimum and maximum sugar content, and the minimum sugar content relative to the maximum sugar content). Ratio) was observed.
Sugar content (Refbrix) was measured by the Abbe refractometer method.
The results are shown in Table 2. In Table 1, “◯” indicates that the material is used, and “x” indicates that the material is not used.

Example 3 is a cultivation test performed by combining white mulch and fluorescent net B, but the total weight is increased by 22% compared to the result (comparative example 4) performed with fluorescent net B alone, The same tendency as the result in Example 1 is shown. Moreover, in Example 3, the increase rate with respect to the result (comparative example 3) performed by white mulch alone reaches 29%, and it turns out that the extremely high synergistic effect is acquired by the combination of white mulch and a fluorescence net.
Example 4 is a cultivation test performed by combining white mulch and fluorescent sheet S, but compared with the result (Comparative Example 5) performed by fluorescent sheet S alone, the total weight is increased by 18%. In addition, even when compared with the result of the white mulch alone (Comparative Example 3), the total weight is increased by 27%, and it can be seen that a synergistic effect is obtained by the combination of the white mulch and the fluorescent sheet S. .
In addition, Example 5 is a cultivation test performed by combining the fluorescent net B and the fluorescent sheet S. The results of using the fluorescent net B or the fluorescent sheet S alone (Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5). ), The total weight is increased by 25% with respect to the former and 22% with respect to the latter, and the sugar content is increased by 30% or more with respect to Comparative Example 3 or 6, and the fluorescence net It turns out that the synergistic effect by the combination of B and the fluorescent sheet S is acquired.
Further, Example 6 is a cultivation test performed by placing the fluorescent sheet S on the planter and covering the crop with the fluorescent sheet S, but compared with the test (Comparative Example 5) performed only by covering the crop with the fluorescent sheet S. It can be seen that the total weight is increased by 27%.
From the results described above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, a product having a large actual weight can be obtained in the same cultivation period, which indicates that early harvesting is possible due to rapid growth.

Further, from the data on the sugar content in Table 2, in Examples 3 to 6 of the present invention, only the fluorescent net B was used without placing anything on the planter and Comparative Example 3 performed using only the white mulch. It can be seen that the radish radish with a sugar content of 50% or more higher than that of Comparative Example 4 covering the crops is obtained.
Furthermore, when the sugar content variation is observed, Comparative Example 3 (using only white mulch on the planter) is extremely bad, and according to the cultivation method of the present invention, a relatively high quality product with little variation is obtained. I understand.

<Example 7, Comparative Example 7>
(Spinach cultivation experiment (1))
Same as Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 except that daikon radish is replaced with spinach (Takii hybrid) and fluorescent radioactive net B (mesh: about 2.0 cm × about 2.0 cm, porosity: about 86%) is used. Then, the cultivation test of Example 7 and Comparative Example 7 was conducted. However, in this spinach open field cultivation test (1), only a test using one fluorescent radioactive net was performed, and a test using three sheets was not performed.
The cultivation area is Minowa-cho, Nagano, and the cultivation period is 25 days from May 28, 2007 to June 21, 2007, during which the average temperature is 23.0 ° C. and the average sunshine duration is 6. For 0 hour, the integrated value of incident light was 154.6 kWh / m ² .

When the average value of the mass of the top 10 spinach plants harvested from 24 holes provided in each cocoon was calculated and compared, when cultivated by combining one fluorescent radioactive net B and white mulch (Example) In 7), 147.0 g, and in the case of growing using only the fluorescent radioactive net B without using the white mulch (Comparative Example 7), it was 61.9 g.
As a result, it can be seen that by combining the fluorescent radioactive net B and white mulch, it is possible to grow spinach that is 2.3 times larger in mass than when only the fluorescent radioactive net B is used. Was found to be significantly higher.

<Examples 8 and 9 and Comparative Examples 8 and 9>
(Spinach field cultivation test (2))
The cultivation area is Minowa-cho, Nagano, and the cultivation period is 50 days from September 19, 2007 to November 7, 2007. The average temperature during that period is 14.2 ° C and the average sunshine duration is 4.8 hours. In addition, the integrated value of incident light is 118.1 kWh / m ² , and the spinach (Takii hybrid) is the same as the spinach cultivation test (1) except that the following 1) to 4) are performed. A cultivation test was conducted.
1) One fluorescent radioactive net B and white mulch were used. (Example 8)
2) Three fluorescent radioactive nets B and white mulch were used. Example 9
3) Fluorescent radioactive net B was not used and only white mulch was used. (Comparative Example 8)
4) Both the fluorescent radioactive net B and the white multi were not used. (Comparative Example 9)

For each of 1) to 4), when the average value of the mass of the top 10 strains of spinach harvested from 24 locations provided in each cocoon was calculated and compared, 1) 73.7 g, 2) 86.4 g, 3) The result was 33.6 g, and 4) 27.8 g.
From this, it can be seen that 1) using one fluorescent radioactive net B and white mulch can harvest about 2.2 times larger amount than 3) using only white mulch. Taking into account the results of the outdoor cultivation test (1), it is important to use a fluorescent radioactive net and white mulch together, and if one of them is missing, the yield is greatly reduced. .

<Example 10 and Comparative Example 10>
(Outdoor cultivation test of tomato for juice)
Using the straw 25m long and 1.8m wide provided in the farmland of Chikuma City, Nagano Prefecture, the outdoor cultivation test of tomatoes for juice as shown in 1) and 2) below was conducted.
1) (Example 10) In the middle of May 2008, a black mulching sheet (hereinafter, also referred to as “black mulch”) and a fluorescent radioactive sheet S are sequentially stacked and spread on the entire surface of the cultivation basket. 50 seedlings of tomato for juice were planted in holes opened at intervals. On July 3, 2008, when the seedlings grew and had blue berries, in the vicinity of the center in the width direction of the cocoon, it was made of aluminum with an length of about 80 cm so that the length of the cocoon was about 1 m apart. The rod was placed as a column, and the column was covered with the fluorescent radioactive net A from above using the column. Harvesting began on July 28, 2008, followed by three harvests on August 16 and August 18.

  2) (Comparative example 10) Except not using the fluorescent radioactive net A and the fluorescent radioactive sheet S, it cultivated similarly to 1) and harvested on the same day.

  The lycopene content and sugar content (refbrix) of tomatoes for juice harvested in the cultivation tests 1) and 2) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and Abbe refractometry, respectively, except for damaged parts of the tomatoes. The average value was calculated.

As a result, the tomato harvested on August 16, 2008 has a lycopene content of 7.91 mg / 100 g and a sugar content of 6.1 degrees in the case of 1), whereas it contains lycopene in the case of 2). The amount was 7.42 mg / 100 g, and the sugar content was 5.5 degrees.
In addition, the tomato harvested on August 18, 2008 is in the case of 1) (Example 10) in the case of 2) while the lycopene content is 7.48 mg / 100 g and the sugar content is 4.7 degrees (Comparative Example 10) had a lycopene content of 6.42 mg / 100 g and a sugar content of 4.5 degrees.

Thus, it can be seen that the combined use of the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet increases the lycopene content and the sugar content, and particularly the effect of the lycopene content is very prominent.
The product shipment standard for tomatoes for juice has a lycopene content of 7.00 mg / 100 g or more and a sugar content of 5 degrees or more, and those cultivated according to the present invention sufficiently satisfy this standard.

<Example 11 and Comparative Example 11>
(Watermelon field cultivation test)
Select 8 seedlings grown from seeds sown in early March 2008 using a 100m long and 2.0m wide paddy field in Namita Town, Higashi Chikuma District, Nagano Prefecture. ) And 2) The watermelon outdoor cultivation test was conducted.
1) (Example 11) On May 31, 2008, black mulch and fluorescent radioactive sheet S were sequentially stacked on the entire surface of the cocoon, and 8 holes were drilled to plant the seedlings one by one. At the end of June 2008, when the seedlings grew and began to bear fruit, the entire cocoon was covered with a fluorescent radioactive net B. And it was harvested on August 8, 2008.
2) (Comparative example 11) Except not using the fluorescent radioactive sheet S and the fluorescent radioactive net B, it cultivated similarly to 1) and harvested on the same day.

  When the sugar content of eight harvested watermelons was measured and the average value was calculated, in the case of 1) where the fluorescent radioactive net B and the fluorescent radioactive sheet S were used in combination (Example 11), the sugar content was 13.8. In the case of 2) (comparative example 11) in which neither the fluorescent radioactive sheet S nor the fluorescent radioactive net B was used, the sugar content was 11.4 degrees.

  Thus, it turns out that the sugar content of a watermelon increases by using a fluorescence-radiation net | network and a fluorescence radiation sheet | seat in combination.

<Example 12 and Comparative Example 12>
(Experimental cultivation test of ridge (Kyoho Pione))
Using the 17 oak trees planted in the field of Chikuma City, Nagano Prefecture, the open field cultivation test of the oak as shown in 1) and 2) below was conducted.
1) (Example 12) For the oak tree that began to bear fruit in late May 2008, and subsequently grown, the ten oak bunches arrived on the same tree on July 3, 2008 Randomly selected and covered with a fluorescent radioactive net A processed into a bag shape for each tuft, a fluorescent radioactive sheet S processed into an umbrella shape with a diameter of about 20 cm was attached above the tuft.
2) (Comparative Example 12) Ten bunches of cocoons attached to the same tree as in 1) were selected at random, and a cultivation test was conducted without using a fluorescent radioactive umbrella-like sheet for the fluorescent radioactive bag-like net.

  After harvesting on September 9, 2008 in anticipation of maturity, randomly pick one fruit from each of the upper, middle, and lower positions of each of the ten tresses in 1) and 2) About 30 each cultivated, the mass and brightness | luminance were measured and the average value was computed. The results are shown in Table 2.

From Table 2, the test 1) according to the present invention (Example 12) shows higher values of mass and brightness than the comparative test 2) (Comparative Example 12), and further the standard deviation value of 1) according to the present invention. Is smaller than 2), it can be seen that there is little variation in the size of the cocoon grains.
As a product standard for Kyohoan, it is required that one bunch has 36 or more berries, but according to 1) (Example 12), even though one berry is large, it can be broken. There are 36 or more fruits with little variation, and it is excellent as a commercial value.

<Example 13 and Comparative Example 13>
(Celery house cultivation test)
A celery house cultivation test was conducted using a house with a width of about 8m in the east-west direction, a length of about 60m in the north-south direction, and a height of 3m on the farmland in Suwa-gun, Suwa-gun, Nagano.
Fluorescent radioactive sheet S is stretched on the roof and walls about 20m north of the house in the length direction (referred to as House A), and a white transparent house vinyl sheet is stretched on the roof and walls about 40m south. (Referred to as House B).
In each of House A and House B, 6 pieces of approximately 18 m ridges were prepared with a spacing of 40 cm.
As a cultivation test, holes with a diameter of 3 cm were opened in each house at about 45 cm intervals, and seedlings (nurturing at JA Shinshu Suwa. About 15 cm in height) were planted in each. In addition, the cultivation test conducted in House A was the cultivation test of Example 13, and the cultivation test conducted in House B was the cultivation test of Comparative Example 13.
The cultivation test was for 45 days from April 26 to July 9, 2009, during which the average temperature was 22.2 ° C. and the average sunshine duration was 6.15 hours.
After 20 strains were randomly selected from the celery harvested in House A and House B, 6 items such as weight were weighed and the average value was calculated. The results are as shown in Table 4.

  From Table 4, the celery harvested in House A (Example 13) is higher in all six items than that in House B (Comparative Example 13). This is considered to be due to the fact that the crops received fluorescence from multiple directions on the roof and both side walls in House A.

<Example 14 and Comparative Example 14>
(House cultivation test of spinach)
A spinach house cultivation test was conducted using two houses with a width of about 8m in the east-west direction, a length of about 34m in the north-south direction, and a height of 3.0m on the farmland in Suwa-gun, Suwa-gun, Nagano.
One house C had a fluorescent radioactive sheet S applied to the roof and the wall as an outer wall material (Example 14), and the other house D used an existing vinyl house (Comparative Example 14).
On the farmland of two houses (House C and House D), prepare 4 seedlings of about 7m in the east-west direction and about 30m in the north-south direction with a spacing of 40cm. Seeds of spinach for summer sowing (manufactured by Sakata Seed) , Variety Brighton) was machined at intervals of about 12 cm.
The cultivation period was 34 days from July 1, 2009 to August 3, 2009, with an average temperature of 22.0 ° C. and an average sunshine duration of 6.0 hours.
After randomly selecting 15 strains each from spinach harvested in House C and House D, 4 items such as weight were weighed and the average value was calculated. The results are as shown in Table 5.

  From Table 5, spinach harvested in House C (Example 14) has all four numerical values higher than those of House D (Comparative Example 14). This is considered to be due to the fact that the crops received fluorescence from multiple directions on the roof and both side walls in House C, as in Example 13.

  In addition, we asked a public inspection agency to analyze the components of spinach used for calibration. The public inspection organization inspected 230 g of spinach in house C and 240 g of spinach in house D, and analyzed the components contained after washing. The results were as shown in Table 6 (data are converted to values per 100 g of spinach).

（注１）窒素・蛋白質換算係数：６．２５
（注２）１００−（水分＋蛋白質＋脂質＋灰分＋硝酸イオン）
ここで、硝酸イオンは、ハウスＣ（実施例１４）の場合には０．３ｇ／１００ｇ
とし、ハウスＤ（比較例１４）場合には０．５ｇ／１００ｇとした。

(Note 1) Nitrogen / protein conversion factor: 6.25
(Note 2) 100-(water + protein + lipid + ash + nitrate ion)
Here, nitrate ion is 0.3 g / 100 g in the case of House C (Example 14).
In the case of House D (Comparative Example 14), it was set to 0.5 g / 100 g.

  From Table 6, it can be seen that the spinach harvested in House C is higher in all ingredients than House D.

<Example 15 and Comparative Example 15>
(European house cultivation test)
On a farmland in Haramura, Suwa-gun, Nagano Prefecture, a dome-shaped house about 6m in the east-west direction, about 33m in the north-south direction, and about 3m in height was used to conduct a house cultivation test for Turkish Kyary.
First, the entire house was covered with a white translucent house vinyl sheet.
After that, a substantially rectangular fluorescent radioactive net A of about 10 m × about 8.5 m is prepared, and about a third of the south side of the house is about 80 cm below the ceiling, with the center in the east-west direction as the apex, Formed an approximately isosceles triangle shape with the base of about 6m in the east-west direction of the house, and installed so that the side of about 10m of this net A was the length part in the north-south direction (here used for cultivation test) Of the house, the part where the fluorescent radioactive net A is installed is called house E, and the other part is called house F).
In the house, four ridges of about 1 m in the east-west direction and about 30 m in the north-south direction are provided at intervals of about 40 cm, and then holes of about 3 cm × about 3 cm are drilled at intervals of about 12 cm. Scarlet seedlings, about 1 cm in height (produced by Sakata Seed Co., Ltd. for about 60 days) were planted.
The cultivation period was from May 10, 2009 to September 20, 2009. In addition, the cultivation test performed in House E was set as the cultivation test of Example 15, and the cultivation test performed in House F was set as the cultivation test of Comparative Example 15.
As a result, in House E (Example 15), it grew rapidly about 10 days before shipment, and when the height was measured, the average commercial value was about 10 cm longer than that cultivated in House F (Comparative Example 15). We were able to harvest a high priced Turkey.
It is considered that this is because the fluorescent radioactive net A is installed in an isosceles triangle shape, and the seedlings are irradiated with fluorescence from two directions of the two hypotenuses, so that the growth is promoted.

<Reference Example 1>
(Test of UV attenuation effect using fluorescent radioactive net)
The ultraviolet attenuation effect of the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention was observed as follows.
In the incubator, after installing (1) 15 40W daylight fluorescent lamps and (2) 13W 40W daylight fluorescent lamps and 2 black lights as light sources, each seeded with daikon radish The two fluorescent radioactive nets were overlaid and covered.
After harvesting, the top 6 strains with the highest total weight of fruits and leaves were selected, and then the average value was calculated, and the sugar content was measured to calculate the average value.
The results are as shown in Table 7.

  As is clear from Table 7, the case of (1) shows higher results in both the total weight and sugar content than the case of using the black light containing ultraviolet rays in (2), and light that does not contain ultraviolet rays It is effective for growth.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fluorescent radioactive net 2 Light reflective sheet 3 Fluorescent radioactive sheet 4 Farm

Claims (16)

  Cultivation of crops using either a fluorescent radioactive net or a fluorescent radioactive sheet alone or in combination as a material for crop cultivation, or a combination of a light reflective material and a fluorescent radioactive net and / or a fluorescent radioactive sheet It is a method, characterized in that the photocultivation is promoted by installing the crop cultivation material so that the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet can irradiate the crop from a plurality of directions. How to grow crops.   A light reflective sheet is used as the light reflective material, the light reflective sheet is laid on a farmland where the crop is cultivated, and the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet is installed so as to cover the crop, and the fluorescence The radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet receives the light emitted from the fluorescent light and the transmitted light is directly irradiated to the crop, and is reflected on the light reflective sheet to irradiate the crop. The crop cultivation method according to claim 1.   The fluorescent radiation net (1) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (1) is laid on the farmland where the crop is cultivated, and the fluorescent radiation net (2) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (2) is installed so as to cover the crop. The fluorescent radioactive net (2) or the fluorescent radioactive sheet (2) receives light and irradiates light directly and transmits light to the crop, and the transmitted light passes through the fluorescent radioactive net (1). Alternatively, the method for cultivating a crop according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent radiation sheet (1) is irradiated to irradiate the crop with the emitted fluorescence.   The method for cultivating a crop according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet covering the crop is supported by a dome-shaped support.   A bag-like material made of the fluorescent-radiation net or the fluorescent-radiation sheet is used, and the bag-like material is covered with growing fruits or fruits so that the fruits or fruits receive fluorescence from the surroundings. The crop cultivation method according to claim 1.   6. The method for cultivating a crop according to claim 5, wherein an umbrella-shaped material made of the fluorescent radiation sheet is used, and the umbrella-shaped material is attached above the fruit or fruit covered with the bag-shaped material.   A house in which a roof part and / or a wall part is composed of the fluorescent radiation net and / or the fluorescent radiation sheet is used to irradiate the crop with the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescence radiation net and / or the fluorescence radiation sheet. The crop cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein:   Using a house having a roof and / or a wall made of a vinyl sheet, installing a crop cultivated on farmland in the house so as to cover the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet, 2. The method for cultivating crops according to claim 1, wherein the crops are irradiated with the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent radiation sheet.   The method for cultivating a crop according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the fluorescent radiation net, the fluorescent radiation sheet and / or the light-reflecting material are laid on a farmland where the crop is cultivated.   The fluorescence emission sheet and the fluorescence emission sheet have an attenuation rate of 5.5 to 12.0% in a wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B), and an attenuation rate of 17 in a wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C). The crop cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the content is 0.5 to 28.0%.   The said fluorescent radiation net | network and the said fluorescent radiation sheet | seat absorb light of the wavelength range of 250-650 nm, and radiate | emit the fluorescence of the wavelength range of 450-700 nm, Any one of Claim 1 thru | or 10 characterized by the above-mentioned. The crop cultivation method according to claim 1.   The method for cultivating a crop according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fluorescent radiation sheet has a light transmittance of 80 to 95%.   The method for cultivating a crop according to any one of claims 2 to 12, wherein the light reflective material has a light reflectance of 95% or more.   The attenuation rate in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) is 5.5 to 12.0%, and the attenuation rate in the wavelength range 250 to 280 nm (UV-C) is 17.5 to 28.0%. Characteristic fluorescent radioactive material.   A bag-shaped or umbrella-shaped agricultural material made from the material according to claim 14.   A house for cultivating agricultural crops, characterized in that the roof part and / or the wall part is composed of the material according to claim 14.

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