JP2007119972A - Fiber structure for industrial material - Google Patents
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- JP2007119972A JP2007119972A JP2005316078A JP2005316078A JP2007119972A JP 2007119972 A JP2007119972 A JP 2007119972A JP 2005316078 A JP2005316078 A JP 2005316078A JP 2005316078 A JP2005316078 A JP 2005316078A JP 2007119972 A JP2007119972 A JP 2007119972A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UHPJWJRERDJHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group C=C.C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 UHPJWJRERDJHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRPKEUVFESZUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZRPKEUVFESZUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は合成繊維からなる産業資材用繊維構造物に関し、さらに詳しくは各種植物または園芸用植物の育成時に適した産業資材用繊維構造物に関する。 The present invention relates to a fiber structure for industrial materials made of synthetic fibers, and more particularly to a fiber structure for industrial materials suitable for growing various plants or horticultural plants.
各種野菜、園芸用植物等の育成時に、防虫や防霜、防風あるいは防鳥等を目的とした繊維構造物が用いられている。これらはネット状、不織布、あるいはこれら繊維構造体に樹脂をラミネートしシート状とした繊維構造物である。 At the time of cultivating various vegetables, horticultural plants, etc., fiber structures for the purpose of insectproof, frostproof, windproof or birdproof are used. These are net-like, non-woven fabric, or fiber structures in which a resin is laminated to these fiber structures to form a sheet.
しかしこれらの用途に要求される特性として、屋外での長期使用に耐えうることが必要であるが、充分満足のいく物性の材料は得られていなかった。さらに植物の育成に適した繊維構造物としては光合成に適した４００ｎｍ以上の可視光をより多く透過させることが必要であるが、光の透過性と強度とが両立しにくいという問題があった。
通常このような繊維構造体の材料としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリ塩化ビニールなどが用いられている。
However, as a characteristic required for these applications, it is necessary to be able to withstand long-term outdoor use, but a material with sufficiently satisfactory physical properties has not been obtained. Furthermore, a fiber structure suitable for plant growth needs to transmit more visible light of 400 nm or more suitable for photosynthesis, but there is a problem that it is difficult to achieve both light transmittance and strength.
Usually, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. are used as the material of such a fiber structure.
しかし、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンといったポリオレフィン系繊維は高強度で耐薬品性に優れているが、高収縮特性のため高温時には資材が変形するという問題があった。ポリ塩化ビニールは耐光性と耐薬品性には優れるものの産業用資材としては強度が十分とは言えず、ポリオレフィン同様高収縮特性の為高温となる屋外での使用に適していない。さらに、ハロゲン系元素を含有するため、その焼却処分方法によっては環境汚染が発生することから、使用が困難となってきている。 However, polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene have high strength and excellent chemical resistance. However, due to their high shrinkage properties, there is a problem that the material is deformed at high temperatures. Although polyvinyl chloride is excellent in light resistance and chemical resistance, it cannot be said to have sufficient strength as an industrial material, and like polyolefin, it is not suitable for outdoor use due to high shrinkage characteristics. Furthermore, since it contains a halogen-based element, environmental pollution occurs depending on the incineration disposal method, and it has become difficult to use.
そこで強度に優れるポリエチレンテレフタレートの適用が考えられるが、耐光性が低く耐薬品性が十分でないために肥料や農薬あるいは近年問題となっている酸性雨などの条件下では耐久性に問題があった。このようなポリエステルの耐光性を克服するために、例えば特許文献１では特定のポリエステルブロック共重合ポリマーでポリエステル織布を被覆したシートが開示されている。また、特許文献２ではポリオレフィン系樹脂に耐光剤を含有した表層で被覆した芯鞘型複合繊維を用いている。しかし耐光性こそ改善されるものの、高収縮で寸法安定性が悪く耐薬品性にも問題があり、産業用資材としてさらに高い性能が求められていた。 Therefore, the application of polyethylene terephthalate having excellent strength can be considered. However, since the light resistance is low and the chemical resistance is not sufficient, there is a problem in durability under conditions such as fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, or acid rain which has been a problem in recent years. In order to overcome such light resistance of polyester, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a sheet in which a polyester woven fabric is coated with a specific polyester block copolymer. Moreover, in patent document 2, the core-sheath-type composite fiber coat | covered with the surface layer which contained the light-resistant agent in polyolefin resin is used. However, although light resistance is improved, there is a problem with chemical resistance due to high shrinkage, poor dimensional stability, and higher performance has been demanded as an industrial material.
本発明の課題は、植物の生育に適しかつ長期間の使用に耐えうる産業資材用繊維構造物を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber structure for industrial materials that is suitable for plant growth and can withstand long-term use.
本発明の産業資材用繊維構造物は、合成繊維を主とする繊維構造物であって、該合成繊維が３２０ｎｍ以上４００ｎｍ未満の波長の光を吸収し、４００ｎｍ以上の波長の光を放射するとともに、該合成繊維のカーボンアーク耐光試験機による１００時間光照射後の強度保持率が８０％以上であることを特徴とする。さらには、該合成繊維の全繰り返し単位の９０モル％以上がエチレンナフタレート単位のポリエステルであることや、該合成繊維の強度が６．０ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ以上であること、該合成繊維が原着繊維であることが好ましい。 The fiber structure for industrial materials of the present invention is a fiber structure mainly composed of synthetic fibers, and the synthetic fibers absorb light having a wavelength of 320 nm or more and less than 400 nm and emit light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more. The strength retention after 100 hours of light irradiation of the synthetic fiber by a carbon arc light resistance tester is 80% or more. Furthermore, 90 mol% or more of all the repeating units of the synthetic fiber is a polyester having an ethylene naphthalate unit, the strength of the synthetic fiber is 6.0 cN / dtex or more, and the synthetic fiber is an original fiber. It is preferable that
本発明によれば、植物の生育に適しかつ長期間の使用に耐えうる産業資材用繊維構造物が提供される。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fiber structure for industrial materials which is suitable for plant growth and can endure long-term use is provided.
本発明の産業用資材繊維構造物は合成樹脂からなる繊維を主とする繊維構造物である。そして該合成樹脂が３２０ｎｍ以上４００ｎｍ未満の波長の光を吸収し、４００ｎｍ以上の波長の光を放射することを必須とする。このような条件を満たす合成樹脂としては、例えば全繰り返し単位の９０モル％以上がエチレンナフタレート単位であることが好ましい。さらには９５％以上がエチレンナフタレート単位であることが好ましい。 The industrial material fiber structure of the present invention is a fiber structure mainly composed of fibers made of synthetic resin. It is essential that the synthetic resin absorbs light having a wavelength of 320 nm or more and less than 400 nm and emits light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more. As a synthetic resin satisfying such conditions, for example, 90 mol% or more of all repeating units are preferably ethylene naphthalate units. Furthermore, it is preferable that 95% or more is an ethylene naphthalate unit.
本発明に特に好ましく用いられるポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂としては、例えばナフタレン−２，６−ジカルボン酸またはそのエステル形成性誘導体を触媒の存在下適当な反応条件のもとにエチレングリコールと重縮合させることによって合成されるポリエチレン−２，６−ナフタレートである。このようなポリエチレンナフタレートを使用することにより、屋外で長時間使用しても薬品による強度低下が少ない優れた繊維とすることができる。かかるポリエチレンナフタレートの固有粘度は、０．６０以上、さらには０．６６〜０．８０であることが好ましい。該固有粘度が０．６０未満の場合には、切断強度や切断伸度が低くなる傾向にある。一方、固有粘度があまりに大きくなりすぎると、繊維の製造が困難となる。 As the polyethylene naphthalate resin particularly preferably used in the present invention, for example, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof is polycondensed with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate reaction conditions. Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate to be synthesized. By using such a polyethylene naphthalate, it is possible to obtain an excellent fiber with little decrease in strength due to chemicals even when used outdoors for a long time. The intrinsic viscosity of such polyethylene naphthalate is preferably 0.60 or more, more preferably 0.66 to 0.80. When the intrinsic viscosity is less than 0.60, the cutting strength and the cutting elongation tend to be low. On the other hand, if the intrinsic viscosity becomes too large, it becomes difficult to produce the fiber.
また好ましく用いられるポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂を用いる場合、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲内、例えば全酸成分を基準として１０モル％以下、好ましくは５モル％以下の範囲内で第三成分が共重合されたものであってもよい。ポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂に好ましく用いられる共重合成分としては、例えば、酸成分としてイソフタル酸、ジフェニルジカルボン酸、ジフェノキシエタンジカルボン酸、β−ヒドロキシエトキシ安息香酸、ｐ−オキシ安息香酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、１，４−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸等を挙げることができ、また、ジオール成分としてエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、テトラメチレングリコール、シクロヘキサン−１，４−ジメタノール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ビスフェノールＡ、ビスフェノールＳ等を挙げることができる。さらに、上記ポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂中には少量の他の重合体や酸化防止剤、制電剤、顔料、蛍光増白剤その他の添加剤が含有されていてもよい。 When a polyethylene naphthalate resin that is preferably used is used, the third component is copolymerized within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention, for example, within a range of 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less based on the total acid components. It may be what was done. Examples of the copolymer component preferably used for the polyethylene naphthalate resin include, for example, isophthalic acid, diphenyldicarboxylic acid, diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, β-hydroxyethoxybenzoic acid, p-oxybenzoic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid as the acid component. 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and the like, and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, bisphenol S and the like as diol components. Can be mentioned. Further, the polyethylene naphthalate resin may contain a small amount of other polymers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, pigments, fluorescent brighteners and other additives.
本発明の産業資材用繊維構造物を構成する繊維は、さらに着色剤を含有する原着繊維であることが好ましい。着色剤を含有することにより、より耐光性を向上させることができる。ここで用いられる着色剤としては、有機顔料、無機顔料、染料を組み合わせて所望の色相や明度になるように使用割合を調整すれば良い。特に好ましくは着色剤が顔料であることである。樹脂に含有する着色剤の添加量としては、好ましくは０．０５〜５重量％、さらに好ましくは０．１〜３重量％の範囲である。これ以下であると色相が薄く、着色した効果は少なく、また色相変動が起こり易くなる傾向にある。逆にこれ以上の場合は、毛羽が増え、繊維強度が低くなる傾向にあり、また製造工程においても顔料自体が異物となり、断糸が多くなる傾向にある。 The fiber constituting the fiber structure for industrial materials of the present invention is preferably an original fiber that further contains a colorant. By containing the colorant, the light resistance can be further improved. As the colorant used here, the use ratio may be adjusted so as to obtain a desired hue and brightness by combining an organic pigment, an inorganic pigment, and a dye. Particularly preferably, the colorant is a pigment. The addition amount of the colorant contained in the resin is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight. If it is less than this, the hue is thin, the effect of coloring is small, and the hue tends to easily change. On the other hand, if the amount is more than this, the fluff tends to increase and the fiber strength tends to be low, and the pigment itself tends to be a foreign substance in the production process, and the yarn tends to increase.
繊維に着色剤を添加する方法としては、樹脂製造工程において添加する方法、樹脂チップと混合して溶融紡糸する方法、紡糸時の溶融樹脂中に直接添加する方法、着色剤を高濃度に含有するマスターバッチと、着色剤を含有しないベースポリマーとを混合溶融紡糸する方法など、従来公知の方法を適用することができ、なかでもマスターバッチを使用する方法が簡便で、操業安定性、生産コストの観点から特に好ましい。 As a method of adding a colorant to a fiber, a method of adding in a resin manufacturing process, a method of melt spinning by mixing with a resin chip, a method of directly adding into a molten resin at the time of spinning, a high concentration of colorant is contained. Conventionally known methods such as a method of mixing and spinning a master batch and a base polymer not containing a colorant can be applied. Among them, a method using a master batch is simple, and operation stability and production cost are reduced. Particularly preferable from the viewpoint.
本発明の繊維構造物を構成する繊維は、カーボンアーク耐光試験機による１００時間光照射後の強度保持率が８０％以上であることを必須とする。また、耐光性に加えて耐薬品性試験で強度保持率が８０％以上であることが好ましい。このように強度保持率が高いことにより、屋外で長時間使用した際の強度低下が少なく、交換する頻度も極めて低い優れた繊維構造物となる。 It is essential that the fibers constituting the fiber structure of the present invention have a strength retention of 80% or more after 100 hours of light irradiation by a carbon arc light resistance tester. In addition to light resistance, it is preferable that the strength retention is 80% or more in a chemical resistance test. Such a high strength retention results in an excellent fiber structure that is less likely to experience a decrease in strength when used outdoors for a long period of time and that has a very low frequency of replacement.
また本発明で用いられる繊維は沸水収縮率が５％以下であることが好ましく、さらには３％以下であることが好ましい。沸水収縮率が小さいことにより屋外で長時間使用した際の変形を抑え耐久性に優れた繊維構造物を得ることができる。また、該繊維の切断強度が６．０ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ以上であることが好ましく、さらには７．０〜９．０ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘであることが好ましい。切断強度が低すぎる場合には、繊維構造物の繊維量を増やさねばならず、重量や厚さの増加となり好ましくない傾向にある。強度は基本的には高い方が好ましいが、あまり高すぎる場合には繊維の製造工程での毛羽が増加し、組編時に品位上の問題が生じやすくなる傾向にある。また伸度としては６〜２５％の範囲であることが好ましい。このような範囲とすることにより延伸斑の少ない繊維を安定して得ることが容易となる。また単糸繊度としては耐久性と性能のバランスから２〜１５ｄｔｅｘの範囲が適当である。 Further, the fiber used in the present invention preferably has a boiling water shrinkage of 5% or less, and more preferably 3% or less. Since the boiling water shrinkage is small, it is possible to obtain a fiber structure excellent in durability by suppressing deformation when used outdoors for a long time. Moreover, it is preferable that the cutting strength of this fiber is 6.0 cN / dtex or more, and it is more preferable that it is 7.0-9.0 cN / dtex. If the cutting strength is too low, the amount of fibers in the fiber structure must be increased, which increases the weight and thickness, which tends to be undesirable. Basically, it is preferable that the strength is high, but if it is too high, fluff in the fiber production process increases, and there is a tendency that quality problems are likely to occur during braiding. Further, the elongation is preferably in the range of 6 to 25%. By setting it as such a range, it becomes easy to obtain a fiber with few stretch spots stably. The single yarn fineness is suitably in the range of 2 to 15 dtex from the balance between durability and performance.
本発明の繊維構造物は、３２０ｎｍ以上４００ｎｍ未満の波長の光を吸収し、４００ｎｍ以上の波長の光を放射するものであるが、このような特性を有することにより通常植物にとって有害となる４００ｎｍ以下の波長のＵＶ―Ｂ線を吸収し、植物が光合成に用いることができる４００〜４５０ｎｍの光に変換して放射する事ができるので、植物の育成に好ましく、農業資材用繊維構造物として特に好ましい構造体となる。通常の樹脂では、例えばポリエチレンテレフタレートでは４００ｎｍ以下の波長のＵＶを吸収するものの、放射する光もまた４００ｎｍ以下であり、本発明の効果を得ることができない。 The fiber structure of the present invention absorbs light having a wavelength of 320 nm or more and less than 400 nm and emits light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more. However, having such characteristics, the fiber structure is usually harmful to plants. It is preferable for growing plants and particularly preferable as a fiber structure for agricultural materials, because it can absorb and emit UV-B rays having a wavelength of 400 to 450 nm which can be used for photosynthesis by plants. It becomes a structure. In a normal resin, for example, polyethylene terephthalate absorbs UV having a wavelength of 400 nm or less, but the emitted light is also 400 nm or less, and the effects of the present invention cannot be obtained.
本発明で用いられる合成樹脂から成る繊維は従来公知の方法により紡糸することができ、例えばポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂からなる繊維であれば、以下に示す方法により製造することができる。すなわち、固有粘度が０．６５以上のポリエチレンナフタレートを主たる繰り返し単位とするポリエステルを常法により紡糸口金から溶融吐出する。吐出された糸条は３００〜２０００ｍ／分、好ましくは５００〜１５００ｍ／分の引取速度で引取り、得られた未延伸糸は多段延伸にて４．０〜７．０倍に延伸する。 The fiber made of the synthetic resin used in the present invention can be spun by a conventionally known method. For example, if it is a fiber made of polyethylene naphthalate resin, it can be produced by the following method. That is, a polyester having polyethylene naphthalate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.65 or more as a main repeating unit is melt-discharged from a spinneret by a conventional method. The discharged yarn is taken up at a take-up speed of 300 to 2000 m / min, preferably 500 to 1500 m / min, and the obtained undrawn yarn is drawn 4.0 to 7.0 times by multistage drawing.
また、樹脂中に着色剤を添加する場合には、樹脂中に、あらかじめ着色剤を樹脂中に均一分散させたマスターチップとをブレンドし、常法により紡糸口金から溶融吐出する。マスターチップ中の樹脂に対する着色剤の添加量は、好ましくは５〜５０重量％、さらに好ましくは１０〜３０重量％である。またマスターチップのブレンド率は、マスターチップ中の顔料濃度に応じて所望の色彩が得られるよう適宜調整するが、通常はベースの樹脂チップとマスターチップのブレンド率は、９９．８：０．２〜９０：１０であることが好ましい。 In addition, when a colorant is added to the resin, the resin is blended with a master chip in which the colorant is uniformly dispersed in the resin in advance, and melt-discharged from the spinneret by a conventional method. The amount of the colorant added to the resin in the master chip is preferably 5 to 50% by weight, more preferably 10 to 30% by weight. The blend ratio of the master chip is appropriately adjusted according to the pigment concentration in the master chip so as to obtain a desired color. Usually, the blend ratio of the base resin chip and the master chip is 99.8: 0.2. ~ 90: 10 is preferred.
本発明の産業資材用繊維構造物はこのように得られた繊維を、従来公知の方法により織編物、不織布、ネットなどのシート状の繊維構造物とすることによって得ることができる。そして得られた産業資材用繊維構造物は、屋外で用いるカーテン用資材特にビニールハウスで用いる農業用カーテン素材として最適に用いられる。さらに樹脂をラミネートして農業用シートとしたり、耐久性に優れているために様々な用途に用いることができる。 The fiber structure for industrial materials of the present invention can be obtained by converting the fiber thus obtained into a sheet-like fiber structure such as a woven or knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a net by a conventionally known method. The obtained fiber structure for industrial materials is optimally used as a curtain material used outdoors, particularly as an agricultural curtain material used in a greenhouse. Furthermore, it can be used for various purposes because it is laminated with a resin to produce an agricultural sheet or has excellent durability.
次に、実施例および比較例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、以下に各実施例で用いた特性の評価方法を示す。
（１）固有粘度
フェノールとオルソクロロベンゼンとの混合液（６：４）を溶媒として使用し３５℃で測定した。
（２）繊度、強度、伸度、沸水収縮率
ＪＩＳ−Ｌ１０１３に準拠して測定した。
（３）耐光性
ＪＩＳ−Ｂ７７５３に準拠し、「サンシャインカーボンアーク灯式耐光性及び耐候性試験機」を用いて水の噴霧無しで１００時間照射後の強力維持率を測定した。
（４）耐薬品性
２０℃の塩酸１０％水溶液中で７日間処理した後の強力維持率を測定した。
（５）吸収波長、蛍光波長
繊維を融点以上で溶融させ約５μｍのフィルムに成形した後、紫外・可視吸収スペクトル測定装置を用いて測定し、吸収極大の波長を記録した。また、この吸収極大の波長の光を当てた際の蛍光の極大波長を記録した。
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples. The characteristics evaluation method used in each example will be described below.
(1) Intrinsic viscosity Measurement was performed at 35 ° C. using a mixed liquid of phenol and orthochlorobenzene (6: 4) as a solvent.
(2) Fineness, strength, elongation, boiling water shrinkage rate Measured according to JIS-L1013.
(3) Light resistance Based on JIS-B7753, the strong maintenance factor after 100-hour irradiation was measured without spraying of water using "Sunshine carbon arc lamp type light resistance and weather resistance tester".
(4) Chemical resistance The strength retention after treatment in a 10% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution at 20 ° C. for 7 days was measured.
(5) Absorption wavelength, fluorescence wavelength The fiber was melted at a melting point or higher and formed into a film of about 5 μm, and then measured using an ultraviolet / visible absorption spectrum measuring apparatus, and the wavelength of the absorption maximum was recorded. In addition, the maximum wavelength of fluorescence when the light having the maximum absorption wavelength was applied was recorded.
［実施例１、２］
固有粘度０．７５（実施例１）及び０．６５（実施例２）のポリエチレン−２，６−ナフタレート（以下「ＰＥＮ」という）チップを、３００℃の溶融温度で、孔径０．５ｍｍ、孔数９６Ｈのノズル孔を有する紡糸口金より紡出して、冷却固化した後、引取速度５００ｍ／分で引取って未延伸糸を得た。
得られた未延伸糸は、一旦巻取ることなく表１の延伸倍率で延伸し、繊度１１００ｄｔｅｘ、表１の延伸糸物性のＰＥＮ繊維を得た。得られた繊維をビニールハウス用の農業用カーテンとして使用したところ、中の農産物の発育もよく耐久性にも優れたものであった。
[Examples 1 and 2]
Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (hereinafter referred to as “PEN”) chips having intrinsic viscosities of 0.75 (Example 1) and 0.65 (Example 2), at a melting temperature of 300 ° C. After spinning from a spinneret having a nozzle hole of several 96H and solidifying by cooling, it was taken up at a take-up speed of 500 m / min to obtain an undrawn yarn.
The obtained undrawn yarn was drawn at a draw ratio shown in Table 1 without being wound once, and PEN fibers having a fineness of 1100 dtex and drawn yarn properties shown in Table 1 were obtained. When the obtained fiber was used as an agricultural curtain for a greenhouse, it was found that the agricultural product in it was well developed and excellent in durability.
［比較例１］
固有粘度０．５８のＰＥＮチップを用いた以外は実施例と同様にしてＰＥＮ繊維を得た。物性を表１に併せて記載した。得られた繊維をビニールハウス用の農業用カーテンとして使用したが、耐久性に劣るものであった。
[Comparative Example 1]
A PEN fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example except that a PEN chip having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.58 was used. The physical properties are listed in Table 1. The obtained fiber was used as an agricultural curtain for a greenhouse, but was inferior in durability.
［比較例２］
固有粘度１．０のポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）チップを用いた以外は実施例と同様にしてＰＥＴ繊維を得た。物性を表１に併せて記載した。得られた繊維をビニールハウス用の農業用カーテンとして使用したが、初期強力こそ満足するものの使用によって強度保持率が急に低下し耐久性に劣るものであった。また中の農産物の発育も実施例と比べて劣るものであった。
[Comparative Example 2]
A PET fiber was obtained in the same manner as in the example except that a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) chip having an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0 was used. The physical properties are listed in Table 1. Although the obtained fiber was used as an agricultural curtain for a greenhouse, the strength retention rate suddenly decreased and the durability was inferior due to the use of the one satisfying the initial strength. The growth of the agricultural products inside was also inferior to that of the examples.
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| JP2010115193A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-05-27 | Tokyo Univ Of Science | Cultivation method for agricultural crop using fluorescence radiation material, and material to be used for the same |
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| JP2010115193A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-05-27 | Tokyo Univ Of Science | Cultivation method for agricultural crop using fluorescence radiation material, and material to be used for the same |
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