JP5505630B2 - Crop cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating crops that enables the crops to be cultivated efficiently even in low temperatures such as winter.

In recent years, in order to stably supply agricultural products such as vegetables, construction of a plant factory equipped with a factory for growing vegetables using a light-emitting diode or the like as a light source is in progress. This employs a light emitting diode that emits light in a wavelength band that contributes to photosynthesis of plants and the like, and is planned for cultivation.
However, while this method can be used for planned cultivation, it consumes a large amount of power for cultivation, and can greatly affect environmental and energy issues such as global warming and depletion of fossil fuels. There are concerns.
Moreover, in outdoor cultivation etc., agrochemical spraying is generally performed to manage the quality of vegetables and the like. However, surrounding air pollution due to the use of a large amount of pesticides and water pollution due to the mixing of pesticides into rainwater are becoming serious.

  On the other hand, agricultural films aimed at the effect of promoting photosynthesis have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Furthermore, a light quality conversion material for agriculture aimed at a photosynthesis promotion effect and an insect repellent effect has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). However, in these methods, since the crop is covered with a film containing a fluorescent dye, sunlight is shielded by the film, which may be negative for the growth of the crop. In addition, such a film has a lower solar transmittance than plastic films such as transparent polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyolefin, etc., which are generally used in greenhouses in agriculture, etc. There was also a problem that the effect of raising the temperature was low.

  In order to solve such a problem, for example, Patent Document 3 proposes a net containing a fluorescent dye as a photosynthesis promoting material. If the net described in Patent Document 3 is used as a photosynthesis promoting material, it is possible to convert a part of light contained in sunlight or the like into light having a wavelength preferable for plant photosynthesis in the form of fluorescence. Moreover, light such as sunlight can be directly applied to the crops from the opening of the net. Therefore, unlike the case where the film-like photosynthesis promoting material is used as described above, there is almost no adverse effect caused by the sunlight being shielded. However, there is still room for improvement from the viewpoint of further activating photosynthesis and further improving the weight and sugar content of crops.

JP-A-5-227849 JP-A-6-46685 JP 2007-135583 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating agricultural crops with high economic efficiency and productivity that makes it possible to use an agricultural house and upland for an anniversary even in a low temperature period such as a winter season or in a cold region.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating crops that increases the growth rate and enables crops to be cultivated early and year-round, especially in low temperature periods such as winter seasons or in cold regions.
Furthermore, the subject of this invention is providing the crop cultivation method which can reduce thermal energy, such as a fossil fuel for heat retention in an agricultural house, in low temperature periods, such as winter, or a cold region.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the crop cultivation method of the present invention includes a fluorescent radioactive net and a fluorescent radioactive substance in an agricultural house using plastic film or glass (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as “agricultural house”). Any one of the sheets (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as “fluorescent radioactive material”) is disposed so as to cover the crop.

  The fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet are preferably arranged in a tunnel shape on the crop to be cultivated.

  The distance between the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet and the crop is preferably smaller than the distance between the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet and the plastic film or glass of the agricultural house.

  The fluorescent radioactive net or fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention has an attenuation factor of 5.5 to 12.0% in the wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) and a wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C). The attenuation factor is desirably 17.5 to 28.0%.

  In addition, it is preferable that the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet absorb light in a wavelength region of 250 to 650 nm and emit fluorescence in a wavelength region of 450 to 700 nm. It is desirable that the light transmittance is 80 to 95%.

  In carrying out the method for cultivating crops of the present invention, in winter or in cold regions, it is possible to keep warm by covering the fluorescent radioactive material covering the crops with a heat insulating sheet (heat-blocking bubble inclusion film) at night. To further promote growth.

  Since the crop cultivation method of the present invention uses a fluorescent radioactive net or fluorescent radioactive sheet in a general agricultural house, the existing agricultural house can be used as it is, and the initial investment cost can be greatly saved. Can do. In addition, by using a general agricultural house, it is possible to obtain a sufficient temperature increase effect due to sunlight during the day, and to obtain a photosynthetic effect and a pest control effect with a fluorescent radiation net or a fluorescent radiation sheet. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse can be lowered as compared with the conventional temperature, and the greenhouse heating costs in winter and the like can be greatly reduced.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
It is well known that the photosynthetic reaction of plants is carried out by three elements of sunlight, CO ₂ and water. Here, sunlight is composed of a wide wavelength band (about 200 to 4000 nm), but the wavelength bands contributing to the photosynthesis reaction are the blue wavelength band (450 to 550 nm) and the red wavelength band (550 to 750 nm). It is considered.

In particular, light in the red wavelength band is considered to contribute to the promotion of plant germination, leaf, bulb, root and fruit growth. In order to promote the photosynthetic reaction of plants using artificial light, a light source that strongly irradiates light in the red wavelength band has been developed and irradiated to plants. As an example, in recent plant factory business, the photosynthesis reaction of plants is actively performed by irradiating light in the red wavelength band using a large number of red light emitting diodes. Thus, it can be understood that the photosynthetic reaction particularly uses a certain range of light in the sunlight spectrum.
In general, the photosynthetic reaction of plants is performed by irradiation with sunlight, and further, the photosynthesis reaction can be actively promoted by superimposing components in the red wavelength band.
The skin of fruits and vegetables such as apples and grapes is considered not to contain chlorophyll so as to greatly contribute to photosynthesis. Photoreception that is considered to be contained in the above-mentioned epidermis other than chlorophyll. Since it is presumed that the body contributes to growth, in the present invention, the growth of all crops including the contribution to such growth is collectively expressed as “photosynthesis” and described.

The fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet used in the crop cultivation method of the present invention have a function of converting harmful ultraviolet light into useful visible light, absorb light in a wavelength range of 250 to 650 nm, and Those emitting fluorescence in the wavelength region of 450 to 700 nm are preferably used.
These fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets cut not only harmful ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) but also particularly harmful ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C). The attenuation rate in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) is 5.5 to 12.0%, and the attenuation rate in the wavelength range 250 to 280 nm (UV-C) is 17.5 to 28.0%. Some are preferably used.
In particular, among the radiated 450 to 700 nm wavelength regions, electromagnetic waves having a wavelength range of 580 to 700 nm are contained inside without leaking from the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet, contributing to the promotion of photosynthesis. It is thought that there is.
The present invention is a method for cultivating crops that effectively utilizes such properties of a fluorescent radioactive net and a fluorescent radioactive sheet.

Next, the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet used in the present invention will be described. The fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention have a function of absorbing harmful ultraviolet light and light in the blue light region and converting them into useful visible light when irradiated with light such as sunlight. That is, it is necessary to radiate light in a band particularly used for a plant photosynthesis reaction as fluorescence. For this purpose, light in a wavelength range of 250 to 650 nm is absorbed and fluorescence in a wavelength range of 450 to 700 nm is absorbed. What emits is preferred. If the fluorescence emission wavelength region is within this range, a sufficient photosynthesis promoting effect can be obtained.
In particular, the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet used in the present invention are not only harmful ultraviolet wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) but also particularly harmful ultraviolet wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C). The attenuation rate in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) is 5.5 to 12.0%, and the attenuation rate in the wavelength range 250 to 280 nm (UV-C) is 17.5 to 28. Those that are 0.0% are preferably used.

  The fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention is produced from a composition comprising at least a thermoplastic resin and a fluorescent dye as a raw material. For example, a film obtained by molding such a composition is cut and processed. And a woven or knitted fabric produced using a flat yarn, monofilament, composite monofilament or the like obtained as a raw material. Although it does not specifically limit as such a woven / knitted fabric, A net | network (net | network) can be illustrated.

  Among the above-mentioned materials for producing the fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention, the flat yarn has a thickness of preferably about 5 to 150 μm, and more preferably about 10 to 100 μm. Moreover, about a monofilament, it is preferable that a fiber diameter is 140-1000 micrometers, and it is more preferable that it is about 220-700 micrometers. In addition, it is preferable that the thickness of the film used as a raw material of a flat yarn is about 0.2-0.7 mm, and it is more preferable that it is about 0.1-0.5 mm.

  On the other hand, the fluorescent radiation sheet is obtained by molding, for example, a composition composed of at least a thermoplastic resin and a fluorescent dye, as a raw material, like the fluorescent radiation net. Although it does not specifically limit as a shaping | molding method, Extrusion molding, injection molding, compression molding, etc. can be used, Especially extrusion molding is used preferably. The thickness of the sheet is exemplified by about 0.05 to 1.2 mm, but is not limited thereto, and may be appropriately determined in consideration of factors such as required strength and cost.

  Fluorescent dyes used in fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets are only required if the emitted light (fluorescence) generated by irradiating the fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets with light such as sunlight exhibits a photosynthetic promoting effect. There is no particular limitation.

  Therefore, when any of yellow, orange, and red is desired as the emitted light, the light absorption wavelength region is preferably 400 to 600 nm, more preferably 470 to 600 nm, and sunlight or the like. A fluorescent dye having a wavelength region of the emitted light generated when irradiated with the light of 450 to 700 nm is preferably used to obtain the effect of promoting photosynthesis. In addition, by using such a fluorescent dye, the various effects described above can be obtained.

  In addition, when a red color is desired as the emitted light, the light absorption wavelength region is preferably 250 to 650 nm, and the wavelength region of the emitted light generated when irradiated with light such as sunlight is 450 to 650. Fluorescent dyes such as those present at 700 nm are preferably used.

  The fluorescent dye includes fluorescent dyes and fluorescent pigments. Examples of the fluorescent dye include nonionic fluorescent dyes, for example, violanthrone dyes, vilantron dyes, flavantron dyes, perylene dyes, pyrene dyes and other polycyclic dyes, xanthene dyes, thioxanthene dyes, Naphthalimide dye, naphtholactam dye, anthraquinone dye, benzoanthrone dye, coumarin dye, etc. Can be used. Of these, perylene dyes or naphthalimide dyes are preferred, and perylene dyes are particularly preferred.

  Examples of the perylene dye include Yellow 083, Orange 240, and Red 305 of trade names Lumogen F series manufactured by BASF Akchengezelshaft.

  Examples of naphthalimide dyes include Violet 570 and Blue 650 of the trade name Lumogen F series manufactured by BASF Akchengezelshaft.

  These fluorescent dyes are used by dissolving in an organic solvent such as glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, amides, or water.

The density | concentration of the said fluorescent pigment | dye contained in the fluorescence radiation net | network and fluorescence radiation sheet | seat used by this invention is 0.001-0.03 mass with respect to the thermoplastic resin which comprises these fluorescence radiation net | networks and a fluorescence radiation sheet | seat. %, And more preferably 0.015 to 0.02% by mass.
When the content of the fluorescent dye is insufficient, the amount of radiation (fluorescence) decreases as the amount of absorption of light such as sunlight decreases, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the content of the fluorescent dye is excessive, the amount of absorption of light such as sunlight increases, but the amount of radiation (fluorescence) decreases due to concentration quenching, which is not preferable.

  The fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention preferably contain one type of fluorescent dye. When a plurality of fluorescent dyes are contained, it is not preferable because the absorbed light tends to be divided to reduce the amount of fluorescence. Therefore, when it is necessary to contain a plurality of fluorescent dyes, a plurality of fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets may be used, each containing a different fluorescent dye.

  In the process of creating the invention, the present inventors have repeatedly used the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet, so that the fluorescent dye gradually elutes from them, and the emission (fluorescence) intensity decreases, resulting in a short period of time. The phenomenon that the expected effect disappears was confirmed. The reason why such a phenomenon occurs is presumed that the compatibility between the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye, or the dispersibility of the fluorescent dye is insufficient, so that the combination of the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye has good compatibility. It is preferable to select one.

The fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is required to be stable for a long period of time against wind and rain, temperature changes, etc., in order to be able to exert the photosynthetic promoting effect and insect repellent effect for a long period of time. It is desirable that the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye have good dispersibility and compatibility, and that the fluorescent dye does not leave the molded body.
Therefore, examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyester, nylon, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. From the above viewpoint, among the above thermoplastic resins, polyester, nylon, polyolefin Resin is preferably used, and polyester is particularly preferably used.
For the outer wall material of a general greenhouse, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride, fluororesin, etc. are used as the thermoplastic resin, but the fluorescent radiation net or fluorescent radiation sheet containing the fluorescent dye as in the present invention is used. In such a case, as described above, after considering the dispersibility and compatibility between the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye, they can be appropriately selected and used.

  About polyester, it is desirable to use what synthesize | combined selecting the acid component and glycol component which comprise polyester suitably for the said objective.

  Examples of the polyester include acid components such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4- Examples thereof include a polymer obtained by condensation polymerization with a glycol component such as cyclohexanedimethanol and cyclohexanediol, and a copolymer obtained by replacing a part of the acid component and / or glycol component with a copolymerization component. Specifically, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate are exemplified as preferable materials.

  Examples of nylon include nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6/11, nylon 6/12, and the like.

  Furthermore, as the polyolefin, polyethylene resins such as high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, branched low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene / α-olefin copolymer produced using a metallocene catalyst, Examples include polypropylene resins such as propylene homopolymer, ethylene-propylene block copolymer, and ethylene-propylene random copolymer.

  The thermoplastic resin may be a biodegradable resin.

  The fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention may contain an anti-fading agent and / or a light-resistant additive without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Further, commonly used additives such as an antioxidant, a dispersant, a lubricant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, an inorganic filler, a crosslinking agent, a foaming agent, and a nucleating agent can be blended.

  Next, wavelength conversion characteristics when the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is used will be described. A PPFD (photosynthetic effective photon flux density) value is used as an index of the intensity of irradiation light related to plant growth. The PPFD value is obtained by dividing the photon number incident on the unit time unit area for each light in the red wavelength band (580 to 780 nm) and the blue wavelength band (380 to 580 nm) of the incident light by the Avogadro number, and each wavelength band. It is defined by the value integrated by.

で表され、赤色帯のＰＰＦＤ値（Ｉ_λＲ）は、

で表される。 That is, if E _λ is energy per unit time at wavelength λ, h is Planck's constant, ν _λ is frequency at wavelength λ, and Na is Avogadro's number, the PPFD value (I _λB ) of the blue band is

The PPFD value (I _λR ) of the red band is

It is represented by

The present inventors paid attention to the R / B ratio defined by the formula R / B = I _λR / I _λB , and promoted photosynthesis and effective for the use of a fluorescent radiation net and a fluorescent radiation sheet effective for providing an insect repellent effect. As a condition, the R / B value (X) of the irradiation light itself (light that is directly irradiated to the crop without using the fluorescence emission net or the fluorescence emission sheet) R / B of the light that has passed through the fluorescence emission net or the fluorescence emission sheet It was confirmed that the ratio of B value (Y) (referred to as R / B relative value) is preferably 1.1 to 1.5.

  If the R / B relative value is too small, the PPFD value of the red band becomes too small and a sufficient photosynthesis promoting effect cannot be obtained. The same applies to the case where the fluorescent radioactive nets are used in an overlapping manner, and the R / B relative value may be calculated using the R / B value (Y) of the light passing through the overlapping nets. As already described, a plurality of fluorescent radioactive nets can be used as necessary, and the PPFD value of the red band can be increased as the number increases, but at the same time, the irradiation light is strongly shielded. Therefore, the desired effect cannot be obtained even if the R / B relative value is too large.

  As for the R / B value, when the irradiation light used for growing the crop is natural light such as sunlight, the R of the light that has passed through the fluorescent radiation net (light that has undergone wavelength conversion by fluorescence). The / B value is preferably about 0.90 to 1.25, and in the case of artificial light such as a fluorescent lamp, the R / B value of light passing through the fluorescent radiation net is about 1.00 to 1.40. It was confirmed that it was preferable. When the fluorescent radioactive nets are used in an overlapping manner, the R / B value of the light that has passed through the overlapping nets is preferably within the above range.

Note that when the intensity of natural light (sunlight) (referred to as solar radiation intensity) is 1 kW per 1 m ² , it is referred to as reference solar radiation intensity and is used as a standard for the spectral distribution of sunlight. At this time, the R / B value of natural light itself is 0.8 (± 5%), and the R / B value of artificial light such as a fluorescent lamp is 0.94. In the case of natural light such as sunlight, the intensity varies from day to day, so ± 5% means the degree of change.

In the present invention, by using a fluorescent radioactive material having such characteristics, the crop yield can be increased by 1.2 to 2.0 times or more compared to the case where these materials are not used.
In addition, when the fluorescent radioactive material is used, naturally, the irradiation light amount of natural light or artificial light reaching the crop is reduced by about 20% at the maximum, but according to the experiment results of the present inventors, the irradiation light is reduced to this extent. It was confirmed that the yield did not decrease significantly even if (dim).

The fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention has an insecticidal (insect control) effect.
(1) When a red fluorescent dye is used When the present inventors use a fluorescent radioactive net containing a red fluorescent dye or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, the present invention uses a net containing a red ordinary dye (non-fluorescent dye) It was confirmed that the stimulation given to human eyes (characteristic of human photopic vision by stimulation in a bright place) is about 3.0 times as compared with the case where a sheet is used.
Therefore, if a fluorescent dye that emits fluorescence in the wavelength range felt by pests is selected and used in a fluorescent radioactive net or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, the pests will become more irritating, preventing the pests from approaching vegetables and fruits. can do.

(2) When yellow and orange fluorescent dyes are used The same applies to the case where a fluorescent radioactive net or fluorescent radioactive sheet using yellow or orange fluorescent dyes is used. It has been confirmed by the present inventors that the characteristic of photopic vision in humans) is about 3.2 times.

  As an example of a fluorescent radioactive net that effectively exhibits such insect repellent (insect control) effect, one of the warp and weft yarns has a fluorescent dye that generates fluorescence in the wavelength region contributing to the effect of promoting photosynthesis, and the other material. In addition, a fluorescent dye that generates fluorescence in a wavelength region (about 450 to 600 nm) that contributes to the insect repellent effect can be contained, and the fluorescent dye that contributes to the photosynthesis promoting effect can be selected and used according to the type of crop. it can.

  Next, among the fluorescent radioactive nets used in the present invention, a fluorescent radioactive woven or knitted fabric, particularly a fluorescent radioactive net will be described in detail.

  The raw material yarn used to manufacture the fluorescent radioactive net is a flat yarn obtained by slitting a film produced by various molding machines and then drawing, a split yarn obtained by splitting a flat yarn, a circular or an irregular nozzle A single layer type such as a monofilament obtained by stretching an extruded filament or a multifilament obtained by focusing a low-definition filament, a composite yarn such as a multi-layer type, a core-sheath type, and a parallel type can be used without limitation.

  In addition, in order to produce a fluorescent radioactive net, a twisted yarn having a diameter of about 0.3 to 0.5 mm is made from a long film obtained by slitting the film, and 3 to 5 pieces of the twisted yarn are bundled. It can also be used as a material.

  A film used for producing a flat yarn is a mixture obtained by mixing a thermoplastic resin with a predetermined ratio of a fluorescent dye in advance using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and feeding the mixture to an extruder, or kneading, or It can be prepared by using a known method such as an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method, a compression molding method, etc. after supplying a predetermined proportion of thermoplastic resin and fluorescent dye directly to an extruder and kneading them. . In addition, a masterbatch in which a high-concentration fluorescent dye is previously contained in the same or similar resin as the base thermoplastic resin is prepared, and the film is adjusted so that the fluorescent dye has a predetermined content at the time of film formation. You may employ | adopt what is called a masterbatch method which shape | molds.

  For example, in the case of using a film obtained by an extrusion molding method, a flat yarn is a mixture of the thermoplastic resin such as polyolefin, polyester, nylon, etc., and a fluorescent dye, and is put into an extruder. Then, it is extruded in an amorphous state by the T-die method or the inflation method and then cooled and solidified. The resulting film is slit to a width of about 2 to 50 mm, preferably about 5 to 30 mm, and then stretched and then heat-treated. Is done. The stretching treatment at this time is performed at a temperature below the melting point of the high melting point thermoplastic resin or above the softening point of the low melting point thermoplastic resin. The heating method includes a hot roll type, a hot plate type, a hot air type, etc. Any method may be adopted.

  The slit thermoplastic film is heated and drawn by a roll having a circumferential speed difference between the front and rear rolls, thereby forming a drawn yarn. The draw ratio is preferably 3 to 15 times, more preferably 4 to 12 times, and most preferably 5 to 10 times. If the draw ratio is 3 times or more, sufficient strength of the flat yarn can be obtained. Moreover, if the draw ratio is 15 times or less, it is possible to prevent the flat yarn from being cracked due to the orientation in the drawing direction being too strong. Further, the single yarn fineness of the drawn yarn is usually 200 to 10000 dtex (hereinafter abbreviated as dt), preferably 500 to 5000 dt.

  A net-shaped woven or knitted fabric is produced by weaving the drawn yarn made of the thermoplastic resin thus obtained as warp and weft.

The fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention include, for example, a fluorescent dye on the surface of a material such as a film containing a thermoplastic resin or a long film thereof, flat yarn, monofilament and / or composite monofilament. Also included are those made from the deposited material. In this case, the conditions such as the material and the manufacturing method other than attaching the fluorescent dye to the surface of the material are the same as those of the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet prepared from the composition mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye. It is omitted. Here, “attachment of fluorescent dye to the surface of the material” means that a film made of fluorescent dye is formed by applying a fluorescent dye coating solution on the surface of the material, or dyeing using a dye type fluorescent dye As in the case, it means a state in which a fluorescent dye is attached by surface treatment.
However, the above-described one prepared by kneading a pigment with a resin is more preferable in terms of durability than the “attached one”.

  Next, among the fluorescent radioactive nets used in the present invention, particularly preferable conditions for producing a woven or knitted fabric will be described.

  In producing the woven or knitted fabric, at least two kinds of materials for warp and weft are used. Such materials are selected from, for example, long films, flat yarns, monofilaments, and the like and secondary processed products thereof, but the two types of materials may be the same or different. It may be. Therefore, the woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention includes those woven using different materials for the warp and the weft.

  Moreover, the two types of materials used for the warp and the weft may contain fluorescent dyes having the same emission wavelength range, or may contain fluorescent dyes having different emission wavelength ranges. Examples of fluorescent dyes having different emission wavelength ranges include the same type of fluorescent dyes having the same dye skeleton but different substituents, and different types of fluorescent dyes having different dye skeletons.

  Further, it is possible to include the fluorescent dye only in one of the respective materials constituting the warp and the weft and not include the fluorescent dye in the other. Such a method is preferably used to adjust the transmittance of light such as sunlight.

The present invention promotes photosynthesis by fluorescence emitted from a fluorescent radioactive material in winter or in a cold region, accelerates the growth, shortens the cultivation period, and further heat energy such as fossil fuel for heat retention in an agricultural house. Can be reduced by 15 to 20%, which is an economical and highly productive crop cultivation method that makes it possible to use agricultural houses and farmland for the year.
Furthermore, by applying the crop cultivation method of the present invention to an agricultural house not conventionally used in winter, vegetables, flowers, fruit trees, etc. can be produced in a short period of time in winter or in a cold region.
Moreover, since the crop cultivation method of this invention expresses the bactericidal effect by the fluorescence radiated | emitted from a fluorescent radioactive material, it does not require the sterilization in the soil by a bactericide, and is highly environmental-friendly.
In addition, when using a heater with electric power as heat insulation heat energy in an agricultural house, a solar panel on the roof or wall of the agricultural house is installed, and the electric power generated by sunlight is stored to operate the heater. It can be used as energy or for lighting in a house, and surplus power can be transmitted to an electric power company.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, this invention is not limited to the following Example.

<Preparation of fluorescent radioactive nets A and B>
(1) Production of fluorescent radiation net material film As a thermoplastic resin, polycondensation of ethylene glycol / 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol = 60/40 (mass ratio) as a glycol component and terephthalic acid as an acidic component. The resulting polyester resin (manufactured by SK Chemicals, trade name: PET-G, brand: S2008) was prepared. This polyester resin is blended with 0.02% by mass of a perylene-based dye (manufactured by BISF Akchengezelshaft, Inc., trade name: Lumogen F Red300) as a fluorescent dye, and kneaded with a Henschel mixer to obtain a resin composition. Was made. Next, using a 65 mmφ extruder, the resin composition obtained by the T-die method (melting temperature 260 ° C.) was formed into a film shape and cooled and solidified at 30 ° C. to prepare a film having a thickness of 60 μm. The perylene fluorescent dye used absorbs light in the wavelength region of about 520 to about 590 nm (maximum absorption wavelength is 578 nm) and emits fluorescence in the wavelength region of about 600 to about 680 nm (maximum fluorescence wavelength). 613 nm).

(2) Production of a fluorescent radioactive net From the long film obtained by slitting the film of (1) above, a twisted yarn having a diameter of about 0.4 mm is produced, and a bundle of three twisted yarns is produced as a net. As a material for. Next, using this material as warp and weft, a raschel knitting machine is used to produce a fluorescent radioactive net A having a mesh of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm (a porosity of about 83%) and a mesh of 0.5 cm × 0. A fluorescent radioactive net B (porosity of about 40%) of 5 cm was prepared.

<Preparation of fluorescent radioactive net C>
A film was prepared in the same manner as in (1) above, except that a perylene dye (manufactured by BSF Akchengezelshaft, trade name: Lumogen F Red305) was used as the fluorescent dye. The produced film was slit to a width of 5 mm and then stretched to obtain a flat yarn (containing a fluorescent dye) having a fineness of 600 dt.
On the other hand, high density polyethylene (MFR = 0.7 g / 10 min, density = 0.957 g / cm 3, Tm = 129 ° C.) is melt-extruded with a monofilament molding die, then cooled and solidified at 20 ° C., and then stretched to obtain a fineness of 700 dt. Monofilament (without fluorescent dye) was obtained.
Using the obtained monofilament as a chain knitting yarn and the obtained flat yarn as an insertion yarn, using a Russell knitting machine, a mesh of 2.0 × 2.0 cm and an area of 1.5 m ² A fluorescent radioactive net C was prepared.

<Preparation of fluorescent radioactive sheet S>
Byron SI-173 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. is used as the polyester resin, and 0.02% by mass of the perylene dye used in the production of the fluorescent radioactive nets A and B as a fluorescent dye is mixed into a film by an inflation molding method. A fluorescent radiation sheet S was prepared. The light transmittance of this fluorescent radiation sheet S was about 85%.

<Ultraviolet shielding effect of fluorescent radioactive net A>
In order to measure the ultraviolet shielding effect of the fluorescent radioactive net A produced by the above-described manufacturing method, the cumulative amount of UV-B and UV-C before and after passing through one net A is measured using a xenon lamp as a light source. The cut rate (attenuation rate%) of UV-B and UV-C by A was calculated.
Net used: Net A
Light source: Xenon lamp 10 seconds 100 shots Integrated light measurement device: PowerPuck manufactured by EIT

  As a result of the above measurement, the intensity of UV-B and UV-C contained in the xenon lamp after passing through the net A is attenuated by 6.7% and 18.5%, respectively, compared with before passing through the net A. I understood that. From this, it was confirmed that the fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention shields UV-B and UV-C, which are harmful ultraviolet rays, and can prevent crop growth inhibition by ultraviolet rays. The cut rates of UV-B and UV-C when the net A was doubled were 13.5% and 29.7%, respectively.

<Example 1>
(House cultivation test of spinach)
A dome-shaped plastic house (MKV Plastic Co., Ltd.), installed in farmland in the Izumino area of Chino City, Nagano Prefecture, about 5.5m in the north-south direction, about 29.0m in the east-west direction, and about 2.9m in height. (Agristar) was used to carry out a house cultivation test of spinach over 91 days in the low temperature period, seeded on December 4, 2009, and harvested on March 5, 2010.
During this period, the outside temperature of the house was a maximum temperature of 15.5 ° C, a minimum temperature minus 13.2 ° C, an average temperature minus 0.6 ° C, and an average sunshine duration of 6.2 hours.
In the house, three ridges of about 130 cm in the north-south direction, about 750 cm in the east-west direction, and about 5 cm in height were produced with an interval in the east-west direction (hereinafter referred to as 畝 A, 畝 B, 畝 C from the west side).
Spinach seeds (Cassini) were sown on 畝 A, 畝 B, and 畝 C so that the spacing was about 16 cm in the north-south direction and about 8 cm in the east-west direction.

  After that, use multiple tunnel struts and fix them to the ground in the north-south direction with both ends straddling ridge A (the height from the ridge surface is 45 cm, the length between the fixed portions is 150 cm), then In addition, the entire ridge A was covered with the fluorescent radioactive sheet S having a width of about 1.6 m from the top of the support, and further covered with a heat-insulating mat (heat-blocking bubble-containing film) at night. In this case, an interval of about 15 cm was formed between both ends of the fluorescent radiation sheet S and the ground, and a vent was formed.

As for ridge B, after fixing the tunnel post, the entire ridge B was covered with the fluorescent radioactive net A having a width of about 2 m, and further covered with a heat-insulating mat at night. In this case, both ends of the fluorescent radioactive net A were in contact with the ground.
畝 C was for comparison test, and neither a fluorescent radioactive sheet nor a fluorescent radioactive net was used.

During the cultivation period, during sunny weather, the temperature inside the house rises to 30 ° C or higher before and after the day when the outside air temperature becomes high. Therefore, adjustment was made by opening the door to about 20 ° C to 25 ° C.
The temperature inside the house is always higher than the outside temperature, but at around 3:00 pm, the outside temperature drops sharply, and the temperature inside the house also decreases. However, the inside of the house stays for 10 days after sowing until germination is complete. It set so that it might be kept at about 10 degreeC, and it heated with the boiler. In addition, the boiler was stopped after germination.
On March 5, 2010, grown spinach was randomly extracted from each cocoon, 10 strains, and the size (length) and weight of the edible portion were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

From Table 1, when the average weight is 畝 A is 42g, 畝 B is 27g, 畝 C is 18g, the average size is 畝 A is 334mm, 畝 B is 295mm, 畝 C The case is 231 mm, and when using a fluorescent radioactive sheet or a fluorescent radioactive net like 畝 A or 畝 B, it can be seen that spinach grows much better than when neither is used like 畝 C.
This is due to the fact that the emitted fluorescence promotes the photosynthesis of spinach, but the weight and size of 畝 A are particularly superior to those of 畝 B. The reason is that the fluorescent radiation sheet has a higher amount of fluorescence emitted to the crop and exhibits superior heat retention than the fluorescent radiation net.
In order to verify the heat retention, the present inventors measured the temperature of the central part of the cocoon during the cultivation period, and the average of the cocoon A was about 1 to 2 ° C. higher than that of the cocoon C. In the case of 畝 B, it was confirmed that the average average was higher by about 1 ° C.

On the other hand, in the case of cocoon C, it took 91 days to harvest spinach with an average weight of edible portion of 18 g, but when cocoon A and cocoon B were confirmed to grow to an average weight of 18 g of spinach, In the case of A, it was about 50 days, and in the case of 畝 B, it was about 60 days.
When a fluorescent radioactive sheet or a fluorescent radioactive net was used, the cultivation period could be shortened and early shipment became possible.
It was also confirmed that when spinach with an average weight of 18 g was cultivated in a cocoon in a house without using any boiler and without using a fluorescent radioactive sheet or a fluorescent radioactive net, it took about 120 days to harvest.
Further, when a boiler was not used during the germination period, it took about another 10 days for the cultivation period to harvest spinach having approximately the same size and weight even when a fluorescent radioactive sheet or a fluorescent radioactive net was used.

<Example 2>
(Komatsuna house cultivation test)
In the same vinyl house used in Example 1, the house cultivation test of Komatsuna was conducted for 55 days in the low temperature period, sown on December 4, 2009, and harvested on January 28, 2010.
During this period, the outside temperature of the house was a maximum temperature of 13.0 ° C, a minimum temperature of minus 13.2 ° C, an average temperature of minus 1.3 ° C, and an average sunshine duration of 6.0 hours.
In the house, three bags having the same dimensions as the bags of Example 1 were produced in parallel with the bags A, B, and C (hereinafter referred to as bottles D, E, and F from the west side).
Komatsuna seeds (Rakuten) were sown on 畝 D, 畝 E, and 畝 F so that the spacing was about 16 cm in the north-south direction and about 8 cm in the east-west direction.

  Thereafter, a plurality of tunnel posts were fixed in the ground in the same manner as in Example 1 for the heel D, and then the entire heel D was covered from above the support with a fluorescent radioactive sheet S having a width of about 1.6 m. . In this case, an interval of about 15 cm was formed between both end portions and the ground, and a vent was formed. At night, it was further covered with a heat-insulating mat (heat-blocking bubble-containing film).

For the eaves E, after fixing the tunnel post, the entire eaves E was covered with a fluorescent radioactive net A having a width of about 2 m, and further covered with a heat-insulating mat at night.
畝 F was used for comparative tests, and neither a fluorescent radioactive sheet nor a fluorescent radioactive net was used.

Temperature adjustment in the house during the cultivation period was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
On January 28, 2010, 10 grown komatsuna were randomly extracted from each cocoon, and the size (length) and weight of the edible portion were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

  From Table 2, when the average weight is 畝 D, 45g, 畝 E is 37g, 畝 F is 26g, the average size is 畝 D, 303mm, 畝 E is 257mm, 畝 F The case is 201 mm, and it can be seen that, as in Example 1, the effect of fluorescence and heat retention by the fluorescent radiation sheet or the fluorescent radiation net is exhibited.

In addition, in the case of strawberry F, komatsuna with an average size of edible portion of 201 mm was harvested in 55 days, but when cocoon D and cocoon E were grown into komatsuna with an average size of 201 mm, 畝 D In the case of 畝, it was about 40 days, and in the case of 畝 B, it was about 45 days.
When a fluorescent radioactive sheet or a fluorescent radioactive net was used, the cultivation period could be shortened as in Example 1, and early shipment of Japanese mustard spinach became possible.

Claims (1)

In an agricultural house using plastic film or glass, either a fluorescent radioactive net or a fluorescent radioactive sheet is arranged so as to cover the agricultural crop ,
The fluorescence emission sheet and the fluorescence emission sheet have an attenuation rate of 5.5 to 12.0% in a wavelength range of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B), and an attenuation rate of 17 in a wavelength range of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C). A method for cultivating agricultural crops, characterized in that it is 5 to 28.0% .