JPH10165008A - Plant growing facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject facility capable of effectively growing plants by forming heat ray reflecting characteristic parts at prescribed places on a sheet of a transparent film. SOLUTION: By forming the heat ray reflecting characteristic parts 11 (which are parts transparent to visible light and given the characteristic of heat ray reflectance prescribed places on a sheet of a transparent film and obtains reflecting characteristic by forming a metallic thin film selected from among gold, silver, aluminum, e.g. on the film being a base material by a vacuum evaporation method, etc., to obtain reflecting characteristic) at plural prescribed places on a sheet of transparent film (organic film such as polyester), a film 10 consisting of the parts 11 and the other characteristic parts (parts given the transparent characteristic of full sunlight) 12 is prepared. For example, normal transparent films are used for side wall parts 4 of a south/north house (plant growing device) 3 and the special film 10 is used at the top part of the house 3 to obtain the desired device.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant growing apparatus, and more particularly to a plant growing apparatus suitable for growing plants using a transparent and highly heat-insulating film for a wall.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conditions for a wall of a plant growing apparatus are as follows.
First, the transmittance of sunlight is high, and second, the heat insulation is high. Conventional wall materials include vinyl films and glass, and heat ray reflective films have recently attracted attention. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing wavelength characteristic (spectral) curves of these three types of materials. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength μm, and the vertical axis represents the transmittance τ and the reflectance ρ. Of these, τ (V),
τ (G) and τ (R) mean respective transmittances of the vinyl film, the glass, and the heat ray reflective film, respectively. Only the heat ray reflective film has reflective characteristics, and is indicated by a dotted line in the figure. From this figure, it is considered that Vinyl and glass are similar and have good penetration of sunlight, so that there is almost no hindrance to the photosynthetic activity of plants. But,
Since there is no heat ray reflection ability, the heat retention property is poor at night or the like, and an extra heat load is likely to be applied to the plants due to the incidence of daytime heat rays (near infrared rays).

FIG. 9 shows these situations as the action of radiation in a vinyl house. That is, in FIG.
(A) shows that both visible rays VR and heat rays (near infrared NIR) of daylight sunlight are well incident, and (b) shows that night heat rays (far infrared FIR) radiate toward the sky, respectively. ing.

On the other hand, in the case of a heat ray reflective film, as shown in FIG. 8, the transmittance τ (R) has a mountain shape having a peak at about 0.45 μm in the visible ray VR area, and the reflection in the heat ray area. It can be seen that the ratio ρ (R) rises from the near-infrared NIR and reflects more than half of the NIR, and in the region of the far-infrared FIR, most of it is reflected. FIG.
In the following, these situations are shown as the effects of radiation in a heat-reflecting house. That is, with respect to the daylight incidence shown in FIG. 10A, although the visible light VR has a shortage in the blue and red regions, an extra heat ray (NIR) is bounced back to the sky. No heat load is applied. In addition, during the nighttime shown in (b) in FIG. 10, most of the heat rays (FIR) are reflected into the room, so that the heat retention performance is good.

[0005] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-247320, 63-0 discloses an example of using a heat ray reflective film in a plant growing apparatus.
JP-A-07728 and JP-A-6-121621. These are devices for utilizing existing industrial heat ray reflective films for agricultural use. Existing heat ray reflective films have been originally used for windows of buildings and refrigeration and air conditioning systems. That is, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, a characteristic is provided in which visible light is relatively transmitted, ultraviolet rays are blocked, and heat rays (about half of near infrared rays and most of far infrared rays) are reflected. Film. However, although it transmits visible light well, according to the transmittance curve τ (R) in FIG. 8, the transmittance is a mountain-shaped transmittance having a peak around a wavelength of 0.45 μm. That is, the transmittance starts to decrease in the blue and red regions, further decreases in the violet and far-red regions, and decreases significantly in the ultraviolet and near-infrared regions. Therefore, a problem remains with respect to the ideal of transmitting sunlight well over the entire wavelength range.

[0006]

From the viewpoint of plant cultivation, ultraviolet rays or near-infrared rays may be required, and furthermore, growth may be controlled by changing the quality of light rays (red or blue components). is there. From these viewpoints, there is a limit in using only one film, and therefore, as described above, it is effective to combine different types of films, particularly as devised in JP-A-6-121621. However, the method of the combination requires extremely man-hours of appropriately cutting and connecting the different kinds of walls. In addition, in the roof wall of the east-west ridge greenhouse, the boundary between the different types of walls was not a single straight line, and was a very special and complicated combination.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method using a film having a simple and clear combination of walls of different characteristic properties, which is effective for use in any building greenhouse, and having a reduced number of manufacturing steps. It is to provide a device.

[0008]

The present invention attains the above object as follows. The invention according to claim 1 forms a film including the heat ray reflection characteristic portion and other characteristic portions by forming a heat ray reflection characteristic portion at a plurality of predetermined portions on one transparent film, and the film Is used for growing a plant. Due to the heat ray reflection ability, it has excellent heat retention at night, etc., can prevent heat load due to the incidence of daytime heat rays, and despite the fact that it is a simple and clear film with few man-hours,
Light beams having different characteristics can be added and mixed and incident, and effective plant growth can be achieved. According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the heat ray reflection characteristic portion is transparent to visible light, light rays effective for photosynthetic activity of the plant can be sufficiently enjoyed. According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the heat ray reflection characteristic portion is a far-infrared reflection region, the heat insulating property, particularly, the effect of keeping heat at night (far-infrared reflection) at night is improved. According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the characteristic portion other than the heat ray reflection characteristic portion is made of the transparent film itself, only the heat ray reflection characteristic portion may be appropriately formed on the film, and the configuration and the production are extremely simple and easy. is there. In addition, since the characteristic portion other than the heat ray reflection characteristic portion has an ultraviolet ray transmitting characteristic, the invention is effective for activities such as flowers and eggplants that require attention to coloring, and activities of bees and the like. . According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the characteristic portion other than the heat ray reflection characteristic portion has either the red light transmission characteristic or the red light emission characteristic, the red / distant red ( R / FR) ratio can be controlled, for example, increasing this ratio has the effect of promoting plant growth. According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the characteristic portions other than the heat ray reflection characteristic portion are formed in stripes, when the film is stretched, the pattern is simple and clear, regardless of the orientation of the house building. It is easy to set the orientation and set the film. According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the characteristic portion other than the heat ray reflection characteristic portion is installed such that the direction of the pattern such as a stripe pattern is the north-south direction. As the sun moves from east to west in the day, light rays in the house also move. When the stripes are north-south, the sun's rays move almost uniformly over the entire floor. Regarding the seasonal fluctuation of the solar altitude (with reference to mid-south), in the case of a north-south stripe, the solar rays are almost constant regardless of the altitude. Therefore, the best rays can be enjoyed from both the daily change and the seasonal change.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external view of a film (hereinafter, referred to as a special film) 10 in the present invention.
Deployment surface 2 of film roll 1 on which special film 10 is wound
Is formed with a heat ray reflection characteristic portion 11, and the other portions are heterogeneous characteristic portions 12. The heat ray reflection characteristic portion 11 is a portion that is transparent to visible light and has a heat ray reflection property,
For example, a metal thin film selected from gold, silver, aluminum or the like is formed on a film as a base material by a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, or an ion plating method to obtain reflection characteristics. In this case, the same effect can be obtained by causing a hydrolytic polymerization reaction of an alkoxide solution of indium or tin to form an oxide of these metalloids on the base material. In addition, these oxide ultrafine particles (size;
The same effect can be obtained by applying (0.1 μm or less) on the base material. In this case, for example, a reflective film formed in a stripe shape as shown in FIG. 4 can be easily formed by previously forming an uncoated portion on the film with a masking tape or the like. The effect of the heat ray reflective film can be further enhanced by laminating different kinds of materials.

A different kind of characteristic part 12 other than the heat ray reflection characteristic part 11
Is a portion to which the transmission characteristics of all sunlight are imparted. Since the base material is, for example, an organic film such as polyester, the base material originally has a high transmittance to all sunlight.
Therefore, in this case, the different characteristic portion 12 can use the transparent film as a base material as it is. It is intended to improve the coloring of the crop and the activity of the bees by the heterogeneous characteristic portion 12 without greatly impairing the heat insulating characteristics. At this time, the ratio of the heterogeneous characteristic portion 12 in the film area is determined by various findings of the present inventors. According to, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-121621, the content is preferably 30% or less. The width of each striped heterogeneous characteristic portion 12 is preferably narrower from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the light reaching the crop, but the height of the special film 10 extended to the house is preferably 2 mm. If it is 3m or more, 10mm
It is considered good if it is less than about. The direction in which the stripes are formed on the film may be not only a direction parallel to the elongate direction but also a direction perpendicular to the elongate direction, that is, a short direction. Further, as a special example, it may be formed diagonally on a sheet-like film.

The conventional heat ray reflective film is not formed as described above, but is formed uniformly over the entire surface with the same characteristics. Therefore, in the conventional method, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-121621, it is necessary to prepare a heat ray reflective film and another film with different characteristics, cut them appropriately, and connect them. It was complicated. However, according to the present embodiment, since different properties are respectively provided at appropriate positions on one film base material from the beginning,
Such man-hours become unnecessary, and the occurrence of useless cuts is reduced, so that significant labor saving and resource saving effects can be obtained.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. These embodiments are examples in which the special film 10 is used alone as a plant growing device (house). 2 and 3 show examples of the north-south wing house, and FIG. 4 shows an example of the east-west wing house. In the example of FIG. 2, the film 10 is stretched such that the direction of the stripe is parallel to the north-south ridge axis,
On the other hand, FIG. 3 is an example in which it is extended so as to be orthogonal to the north-south ridge axis. As shown in these figures, when a normal transparent film is used for the side wall 4 of the house 3 and a special film 10 is used for the upper part of the house 3, the heat insulating property is remarkably improved as compared with the related art. As shown in FIG. 10, the heat insulation in this case mainly includes a daytime heat shielding (near-infrared ray reflection) effect and a nighttime heat insulation (far-infrared ray reflection) effect. This is equivalent to a conventional cold gauze or heat insulation curtain. Since the sun altitude is low in the morning, all light rays enter from the side wall portion 4 to increase photosynthetic activity. As described above, even a single film produces a significant energy saving effect and a labor saving effect.

Next, the difference in the stripe direction will be described.
As the sun moves from east to west in one day, light rays from the different characteristic portion 12 of the special film 10 in the house 3 also move. As shown in FIG. 2, when the stripes are parallel to the north and south, the light rays from the different characteristic portions 12 move almost uniformly over the entire floor surface. On the other hand, even in the same north-south wing, as shown in FIG. 3, when the stripes are east and west, light rays from the heterogeneous characteristic portion 12 are limited to a certain area on the floor in one day. That is, the quality and quantity of light rays are unequal depending on the location of the crop. Further, the effect of the seasonal variation of the solar altitude (with reference to the south-midnight time) will be described. Light rays from the heterogeneous characteristic portion 12 are almost constant regardless of the altitude in the case of FIG. On the other hand, in the case of FIG. 3, the amount (area) of light rays from the heterogeneous characteristic portion 12 decreases in winter when the solar altitude is low, and conversely increases in summer. That is, it is bad for the crop.

Thus, the striped direction is best in the north-south direction in terms of both daily and seasonal variations. Although the embodiment of FIG. 4 is for the east-west ridge, the striped direction of the special film 10 is the north-south direction for the above-described reason. Although the east and west buildings originally have a relatively average incidence throughout the year, if the special film 10 is spread in this way, the annual energy saving effect will be the best (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
No. 3-007728), and as described above, the effect of improving the incident light beam can be obtained.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. These are examples in which the special film 10 is used as a lining of a house. FIG. 5 shows an example of a double-roof type house, and FIG. 6 shows an example of a tunnel type house. Inside the outer lining 5, a special film 10 and a conventional side wall film are provided. According to such a stretching method, first, the heat retaining power of the house is greatly improved, and the service life of the specially-made film 10 is also improved. Further, in the case of the lining, the strength becomes easy in terms of strength, so that the thickness of the film base material can be reduced, and thus the effect of reducing the cost is produced. Furthermore, since the handleability is improved by reducing the film thickness, effects such as easy on-site construction are produced.
The special film 10 can be used as a fixed tension or a movable tension. However, as described above, since it is excellent in energy saving characteristics for the year, the tension is fixed as much as possible, and the side wall film 4 is made movable to control the temperature in the house. And so on. In this respect, the labor-saving effect is large as compared with the case where all the conventional linings are movable.

Next, an embodiment shown in FIG. 7 will be described. This is an example in which the special film 10 is used for a closed panel (wall). Among them, (A) is an external view, (B) is an ab cross-sectional view in the case of triple tension, and (C) is an ab cross-sectional view in the case of double tension. (B) In case of triple tension,
A special film 10 is disposed inside, and an outer film 7 is provided on both sides of the frame 6. In the case of the double tension of (c), the special film 10 is arranged on the inner surface side. The interlayer distance D is preferably about 20 to 40 mm (for example,
JP-A-61-247320). Conventionally, in order to adjust the quality of light rays, it was necessary to prepare a panel with a heat ray reflective film as the lining and a panel with only a transparent film in several types of shapes. If you use the special transparent insulation film 10
The effect that the kind and quantity of a panel can be reduced arises.

Next, an embodiment in which a striped portion is provided with a property of transmitting or emitting red light will be described. That is, it is one idea to apply a material that acts like a red filter. As the light emitting material, a certain kind of fluorescent material that emits light of a long wavelength with light of a short wavelength can be used. By emphasizing the red color in this way, the ratio of red / far red (R / FR) can be controlled as a whole. For example, increasing this ratio has the effect of promoting plant growth ( Biological Environment Control Handbook, pp1
02-104. 1995). Further, in the embodiment in which the striped portion (for example, the heterogeneous characteristic portion 12 in FIG. 4) is provided with the ultraviolet transmission property, it is effective for crops such as flowers and eggplants that require attention to coloring, and activities such as bees. Become.

Next, the heat ray reflecting portion will be described. Conventional heat ray reflective films have the characteristics of "blocking near ultraviolet rays, transmitting visible light, and reflecting from near infrared to far infrared rays". However, it is necessary to add the properties of "transmitting from near ultraviolet rays to near infrared rays and reflecting far infrared rays". For example, it becomes a "sunlight-transmitting, far-infrared reflective type" transparent heat insulating film. Therefore, since it is excellent not only in heat retention characteristics but also in heat collection characteristics, it becomes an effective film in a high latitude area or a cold region. Even in this case, it is possible to improve the incident light beam by adding other characteristics in a stripe shape according to the purpose, and as a result,
Controlling plant growth will be more effective. In the above embodiment, the pattern of the special film in the present invention is described as a striped pattern, but the present invention is not limited to this. In short, by forming the heat ray reflection characteristic part on one continuous film, the heat ray reflection area and other areas are formed, and it is possible to realize various actions such as heat insulation action, photosynthesis action, etc. Therefore, a pattern meeting various conditions may be formed.

According to the embodiment described above, a portion having heat ray reflection characteristics and a portion having other characteristics are formed on a single film base material, and the shape of the other characteristic portions is formed as stripes. Is spread in the greenhouse so that the stripes are north-south, so that the effect of improving the incident light can be obtained without greatly impairing the heat insulating properties, and as a result, the coloring property of the plant, the growth rate or the activity of the bees, etc. The effect is improved. In addition, since the above-mentioned effects can be obtained with one film, the effect of greatly reducing the number of steps for separately preparing and constructing different kinds of films as in the related art is produced.

[0020]

According to the present invention, in a plant growing apparatus, it is possible to form an effective, simple and clear combination of different characteristic walls regardless of the orientation of a greenhouse.
Since a film with a reduced number of manufacturing steps is used, plants can be grown effectively and economically.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view of a transparent heat insulating film according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external view of a north-south wing house according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an external view of a north-south ridge house using an example of the film in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an external view of an east-west house according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a double-roof house according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a round roof house according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a closed panel-type transparent heat-insulating wall according to still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an external view, (b) is a cross-sectional view of triple tension, and (c) is a cross-sectional view of double tension. .

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing wavelength characteristics of a film.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an incident action (a) and a radiation action (b) in a vinyl house.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an incident action (A) and a radiation action (B) in the heat ray reflection house.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Film roll 2 Film development surface 3 House 4 House side wall part 5 House lining 6 Panel frame 7 Panel lining 10 Special film 11 Heat ray reflection characteristic part 12 Different characteristic part

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A film comprising a heat ray reflection characteristic part and other characteristic parts is formed by forming a heat ray reflection characteristic part at a plurality of predetermined parts on one transparent film, and the film is planted. A plant growing device characterized by being used for growing plants. 2. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat ray reflection characteristic section is transparent to visible light. 3. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat ray reflection characteristic section is a far-infrared ray reflection area. 4. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic part other than the heat ray reflection characteristic part is made of the transparent film itself. 5. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic part other than the heat ray reflection characteristic part has an ultraviolet transmission characteristic. 6. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic part other than the heat ray reflection characteristic part has one of a red light transmission characteristic and a red light emission characteristic. 7. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic part other than the heat ray reflection characteristic part is formed in a stripe shape. 8. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic part other than the heat ray reflection characteristic part is installed such that a direction of a pattern such as a stripe pattern is a north-south direction. .