WO2016133163A1

WO2016133163A1 - Agricultural house using double translucent films or double translucent plates

Info

Publication number: WO2016133163A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/054720
Authority: WO
Inventors: 中村　新; 昌司石田; 幸輔川村
Original assignee: 株式会社オーガニックｎｉｃｏ; カツラ電工株式会社
Priority date: 2015-02-19
Filing date: 2016-02-18
Publication date: 2016-08-25
Also published as: JP2018057275A

Abstract

The present invention provides an agricultural house using double translucent films or double translucent plates that form an air heat-insulation layer and are characterized in that, of the translucent films or the translucent plates, the house-inner-side surface of the translucent film or translucent plate located on the outer side of the house is provided with a plurality of ridges or grooves having a cross-section in the shape of a scalene triangle that is formed of an inclined surface having an inclination angle of 5 to 45 degrees and an inclined surface having an inclination angle of 30 to 85 degrees, whereby the overall light transmittance of the double translucent films is increased, and at the same time, a region blocked by a panel frame part is reduced in size.

Description

Agricultural house using double translucent film or double translucent plate

This invention relates to the structure of the covering with the double translucent film or translucent board used in order to improve heat retention in an agricultural greenhouse. A film or a plate differs only in thickness and hardness, and there is no difference in the functional aspect of blocking air and allowing light to pass therethrough. In this specification, when the expression “film” is used, a so-called “plate” is used. "Is also included.

Agricultural greenhouses are high prices by spreading transparent vinyl film on a frame made of metal, etc., confining solar heat and keeping the house warm, promoting crop growth and shifting the harvest time. In the case of a single film, the temperature inside the house at night falls to almost the same as the outside temperature due to the heat conduction of the film, and these aims are not fully realized. It was. Therefore, two films are spread and spread, and an air layer of a certain thickness is provided between them, so that the air between the two films is used as a heat insulating layer to construct a greenhouse with good heat retention. Yes. As the prior art, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a method for forming a heat insulating layer by providing a film fastening member twice and stretching each film in order to stretch a double film, and Patent Document 2 There is a method in which a heat insulating layer is formed by blowing air with an electric fan between double films, Patent Document 3 in which a panel in which a double film is stretched in advance on a frame having a certain thickness is attached to the roof surface of an agricultural house (FIGS. 1 and 2).

JP 2008-5798 A JP 2012-75405 A Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-169397

Agricultural houses using these double translucent films have very good heat retention, but the amount of light that can be taken into the house is reduced, so the amount of photosynthesis is reduced and the yield is high even if the temperature can be secured. There was a problem that it decreased or became vulnerable to pests.
There are two major factors. The first factor is that the light transmittance decreases due to Fresnel reflected light on a total of four refracting surfaces, two light transmissive films. In particular, in the winter season when the solar altitude is low, the angle of incidence on the translucent film is increased, so that the Fresnel reflectivity is increased and the light transmittance is significantly decreased. The light transmittance of the double light-transmitting film is only 30% when the light incident angle θ1 = 75 °, assuming a winter season, using a light-transmitting film having a refractive index n = 1.52 (polyolefin special film for agriculture). (FIG. 5).
The second factor is a structural material for maintaining the distance between the double light-transmitting films when using a panel in which the double light-transmitting films are stretched or when providing a double light-transmitting film using a film fastening member or the like. The amount of light is reduced due to the shadows. The frame for keeping the distance between the double light-transmitting films has a constant frame height (with a panel thickness) that can ensure heat insulation with respect to the frame width (W or L1 in FIG. 2) in order to reduce the light shielding area while maintaining rigidity. Corresponding: It is composed of the structure of t) in FIG. 2, but the influence of the panel thickness is greater in the winter season when the solar altitude is low than in the season when the solar altitude is high. The region D where the light beam is blocked by the frame is D = t × tan θ1 assuming that the light-transmitting film thickness is sufficiently thin with respect to the panel thickness t and the light incident angle θ1 with respect to the light-transmitting film surface. As an example, when the panel thickness is t = 38 mm, D = 141 mm is reached when the light incident angle θ1 = 75 ° assuming the winter season, and 14% when the distance between the frame of the panel (panel width W) is 1 m. The amount of light is reduced (FIG. 3).

The light angle is controlled by forming a prism-like fine shape having an unequal triangular shape on the inner surface of the light-transmitting film located outside the double light-transmitting film, and among all four refracting surfaces In addition to increasing the light transmittance of the entire double light transmissive film by reducing the Fresnel reflectivity on the refracting surface by reducing the incident angle on the three refracting surfaces after the second refracting surface, the light is blocked by the panel frame portion. The problem is solved by simultaneously reducing the area.

When this technology is used, the warmth of the house is improved by the double translucent film and the light intensity in the house is maintained at a high level in winter. Therefore, the optimal growth of various crops can be achieved with no heating or a small heater or small amount of fuel. Since the environment can be realized and the yield can be maintained at a high level, it is very useful in agricultural management, and it is possible to operate a facility horticulture that is meaningful from the viewpoint of the global environment such as global warming.

Example of applying a double translucent film panel structure to the ceiling of a flat-type house The perspective view of the panel member of the ceiling part in FIG. The figure which shows how a light ray advances in the double translucent film of a prior art The figure which shows how a light ray advances when it has a fine prism shape in the inner surface of the translucent film located in the outer side of a house by this invention The figure which shows the change (in the case of the polyolefin special film for agriculture) of the light quantity which can be taken into the house by the incident angle of a light beam The figure which shows the way of the solar ray according to this invention for every season (in case of polyolefin special film for agriculture, A = 15 ° B = 45 °) An example in which a prism of A = 15 ° is provided inside the outer light-transmitting film of the double light-transmitting film, and a prism of A = 15 ° is provided inside the inner light-transmitting film. An example in which a prism of A1 = 8 ° is provided outside the outer light-transmitting film of the double light-transmitting film, and a prism of A1 = 20 ° is provided inside the outer light-transmitting film. The figure which shows the change (in the case of a fluorine film) of the amount of light which can be taken into the house by the incident angle of a light beam Example of rounded corners of unequal triangular triangles or groove corners Example of a house constructed in the depth direction from north to south Example of a house constructed in the east-west depth direction An example in which the ridges or grooves of an unequal triangular cross section are line segments composed of short straight lines and these are arranged in a staggered manner An example in which the ridges or grooves of an unequal triangular cross section are line segments composed of short gentle curves, and these are arranged in a staggered manner An example of a zigzag pattern in which the ridges or grooves of an unequal triangular cross section repeat two angles alternately Example of corrugated pattern composed of loose curves in the shape of ridges or grooves of unequal triangular section An example in which ridges or grooves of a plurality of unequal triangular cross sections formed in parallel are formed by ridges or grooves in two directions having angles with each other. The figure which expressed both the ridgeline and the groove line in FIG. FIG. An example in which the ridges or grooves of a plurality of unequal triangular cross sections formed in parallel are formed by ridges or grooves in three directions having angles with each other. The figure which expressed both the ridgeline and the groove line in FIG. And its partially enlarged sectional view Table showing an example of calculation of the light refraction angle according to the present invention when using an agricultural polyolefin-based special film

FIG. 1 shows an agricultural house of a type called a flat-type house in which a film is stretched flat on a metal frame. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a panel member provided on the roof surface of the agricultural house.
As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of roof panel members 1 are provided on the roof surface of an agricultural house (hereinafter referred to as a house). The roof panel member 1 is supported by the agricultural house structure member 2.
As shown in FIG. 2, the roof panel member 1 has a rectangular frame member 3 that forms an outer frame. A crosspiece as a reinforcing member is provided inside the frame member 3 as necessary. Transparent

translucent film members

4 and 5 as shown in FIG. 4 are stretched on both surfaces of the frame member 3.
An air heat insulating layer is formed between the translucent film member 4 disposed on one surface of the frame member 3 and the translucent film member 5 disposed on the other surface of the frame member 3.
In addition, although the following example demonstrates using the

translucent film members

4 and 5, it may replace with the

translucent film members

4 and 5 and a double translucent board may be used.

FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of a main part of the roof panel member 1 in the first embodiment.
In the roof panel member 1 in Example 1, the translucent film member 4 is located outside the house, and the translucent film member 5 is located inside the house.
As for the outer side translucent film member 4, the outer side surface (upper surface) of a house is formed with a flat surface, and the inner side surface (lower surface) of the house is formed with a plurality of inclined surfaces.
The inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 is a surface on the air heat insulating layer side.
The inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 includes a first slope C having an inclination angle A ranging from 5 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to the panel surface of the roof panel member 1, and the panel surface of the roof panel member 1. In contrast, a plurality of ridges or grooves constituted by an unequal triangular cross section with a second slope D having an inclination angle B in the range of 30 to 85 degrees.
On the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4, ridges or grooves of an unequal triangular cross section are formed in a straight line across both ends of the translucent film member 4.
In Example 1, the inner side translucent film member 5 forms the surface (upper surface) by the side of an air heat insulation layer, and the inner surface (lower surface) of a house with a flat surface.

Using an agricultural polyolefin special film having a refractive index n = 1.52, a fine prism shape of A = 15 ° is formed on the inner surface of the outer translucent film member 4, and the inner translucent film member 5 has a normal translucent shape. When an optical film is used, the light transmittance into the house for a light beam with an incident angle θ1 = 75 ° assuming a winter season is 61%, which is about twice that of the conventional light transmittance of 30% (see FIG. 5).
The region D where the light ray is blocked is assumed to be D = when the film thickness is sufficiently thin with respect to the panel thickness t, the light incident angle θ1 with respect to the film surface, and the light ray angle θ3 of the transmitted light of the first light transmitting film. t × tan θ3. As an example, when the panel thickness is t = 38 mm, θ3 = 54 ° and D = 52 mm when the incident angle θ1 = 75 ° assuming a winter season, which is a significant reduction compared to the conventional technology of 141 mm (FIG. 6).
FIG. 6 shows how the solar rays travel in each season in the roof panel member 1 in the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of a main part of the roof panel member 1 according to the second embodiment.
In the roof panel member 1 in Example 2, the translucent film member 4 is located outside the house, and the translucent film member 5 is located inside the house.
As for the outer side translucent film member 4, the outer side surface (upper surface) of a house is formed with a flat surface, and the inner side surface (lower surface) of the house is formed with a plurality of inclined surfaces.
The inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 is a surface on the air heat insulating layer side.
The inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 includes a first slope C1 having an inclination angle A1 in the range of 5 to 45 degrees with respect to the panel surface of the roof panel member 1, and the panel surface of the roof panel member 1 In contrast, it has a plurality of ridges or grooves formed in an unequal triangular cross section with a second slope D1 having an inclination angle B1 in the range of 30 to 85 degrees.
On the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4, ridges or grooves of an unequal triangular cross section are formed in a straight line across both ends of the translucent film member 4.

In Example 2, as for the inner side translucent film member 5, the outer side surface (upper surface) of a house is formed with a flat surface, and the inner side surface (lower surface) of the house is formed with a plurality of inclined surfaces.
The outer side surface of the house of the inner translucent film member 5 is a surface on the air heat insulating layer side.
The inner side surface of the house of the inner translucent film member 5 includes a first slope C2 having an inclination angle A2 in the range of 5 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to the panel surface of the roof panel member 1, and the panel surface of the roof panel member 1 In contrast, it has a plurality of ridges or grooves formed of an unequal triangular cross section with a second slope D2 having an inclination angle B2 in the range of 30 to 85 degrees.
On the inner side surface of the house of the inner translucent film member 5, ridges or grooves of an unequal triangular cross section are formed in a straight line across both ends of the translucent film member 4.

As shown in Example 2, in the double

translucent film members

4 and 5, not only the outer translucent film member 4 positioned outside the house but also the inner translucent film member 5 inside the house, the inner surface of the house The first slopes C1 and C2 have inclination angles A1 and A2 of 5 to 45 degrees, and the second slopes D1 and D2 have inclination angles B1 and B2 of 30 to 85 degrees. A plurality of ridges or grooves may be provided.
When the double

translucent film members

4 and 5 are made of an agricultural polyolefin-based special film having a refractive index n = 1.52 and a fine prism shape of A = 15 ° is formed on the inner side, an incident angle assuming a winter season The light transmittance into the house for a light beam of θ1 = 75 ° is 63%, and the light transmittance of Example 1 in which a plurality of ridges or grooves each having an unequal triangular cross section is provided only on the outer light transmitting film member 4. The rate is further improved from 61%.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view of a main part of the roof panel member 1 according to the third embodiment.
In the roof panel member 1 in Example 3, the translucent film member 4 is located outside the house, and the translucent film member 5 is located inside the house.
As for the outer side translucent film member 4, the outer side surface (upper surface) of a house and the inner side surface (lower surface) of a house are formed with the several inclined surface.
The inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 is a surface on the air heat insulating layer side.
The inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 includes a first slope C1 having an inclination angle A1 in the range of 5 to 45 degrees with respect to the panel surface of the roof panel member 1, and the panel surface of the roof panel member 1 In contrast, it has a plurality of ridges or grooves formed in an unequal triangular cross section with a second slope D1 having an inclination angle B1 in the range of 30 to 85 degrees.
The outer side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 includes a first slope C3 having an inclination angle A3 ranging from 2 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to the panel surface of the roof panel member 1, and the panel surface of the roof panel member 1 In contrast, it has a plurality of ridges or grooves formed in an unequal triangular cross section with a second slope D3 having an inclination angle B3 in the range of 20 degrees to 85 degrees.
The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 are formed with ridges or grooves having an unequal triangular cross section on a straight line across both ends of the outer translucent film member 4.
In Example 3, the inner translucent film member 5 has a flat surface on the air heat insulating layer side surface (upper surface) and the inner side surface (lower surface) of the house.

In the case of the double

translucent film members

4 and 5 according to the prior art using a fluorine film having a refractive index n = 1.34, the light transmittance into the house at the incident angle θ1 = 75 ° assuming the winter is 38%.
When a fine prism shape of A1 = 8 ° is formed on the outer surface of the outer transparent film member 4 and a fine prism shape of A2 = 20 ° is formed on the inner surface of the outer transparent film member 4, the light transmittance is 73%. Further, the light transmittance is further improved from 70% when the outer surface of the outer light-transmitting film member 4 is flat and the fine prism shape of A = 20 ° is formed on the inner surface of the outer light-transmitting film member 4 (FIG. 9).
The inclination angle A3 of the outer side surface of the house of the outer light-transmitting film member 4 is preferably smaller than the inclination angle A1 of the inner side surface of the house of the outer light-transmitting film member 4.

In Examples 1 to 3, the

translucent film members

4 and 5 having an unequal triangular shape or the height of the unequal triangular shape of the translucent plate is the average thickness of the

translucent film members

4 and 5 or the translucent plate. When the ratio is 1/50 to 1/2, effective refractive characteristics can be obtained while maintaining the strength of the translucent film.

In Examples 1 to 3, effective refraction while maintaining the strength of the

translucent film members

4 and 5 by making the corners of the unequal triangular triangles or the corners of the grooves rounded. Characteristics can be obtained (FIG. 10).
Further, in this case, the scattered light generated in the rounded portion enters the house room, and it becomes difficult to produce a shadow, so the amount of light received as a crop community increases.

In Example 1 to Example 3, from one side or both sides of the

translucent film members

4 and 5, a minute concave or convex portion having any one of a pyramidal shape, a hemispherical shape, a columnar shape, or a parabolic shape. The light transmittance of the

translucent film members

4 and 5 can be further increased by providing the fine pattern to be configured.
The fine pattern is generally formed in a shape having a pitch of 30 nm to 5 μm, a width of the concave or convex portion of 30 nm to 5 μm, and an aspect ratio of the concave or convex portion of 0.2 to 15.

Of the double

translucent film members

4 and 5 of Examples 1 to 3, the outer translucent film member 4 located outside the house is a fluorine film having good weather resistance, and the inner translucent film located inside the house. By using an inexpensive polyolefin special film for agriculture for the optical film member 5, a long life, that is, an agricultural house that does not require frequent replacement of the

transparent film members

4 and 5 can be realized at low cost.

In general, a house constructed in the depth direction from north to south tends to have a larger incident angle of the sun than a house constructed in the depth direction from east to west, and the difference is particularly noticeable in winter. Even in a house built in this direction, the light transmittance into the house can be increased (FIGS. 11 and 12).

13 to 16 show other forms of the shape of the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 in the first to third embodiments. 13 is a plan view seen from the arrow in the upper diagram of FIG. 13, and the lower diagram in FIG. 15 is a plan view seen from the arrow in the upper diagram of FIG. 14 and 16 are plan views corresponding to the lower view of FIG. 13 or FIG. In the lower diagram of FIG. 13, grooves are shown in addition to the ridge lines, but only the ridge lines are shown in FIGS. 14 to 16.

As shown in FIG. 13, the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 is divided into a plurality of parts in the middle without crossing the ridges or grooves of the unequal triangular cross section over both ends of the outer translucent film member 4. It is formed with short lines.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 14, the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 is formed with ridges or grooves of an unequal triangular cross section with loose curves arranged in a staggered pattern.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 15, the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 is formed so that the ridges or grooves of the unequal triangular cross section have a zigzag pattern in which two angles are alternately repeated. .
In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 is formed so that the ridges or grooves of the unequal triangular cross section have a wavy pattern composed of a loose curve or the like. Yes.
In the case shown in FIGS. 13 to 16, the strength of the outer light-transmitting film member 4 against tearing is improved, and the scattered light from the divided end faces and the refracting surfaces facing various directions are changed in various directions. The light beam will be directed to the hill, making it difficult for shadows to appear in the house, increasing the amount of light received as a crop community.
In addition, the form shown in FIGS. 13-16 is applicable also to the shape of the outer side surface of the house of the outer side translucent film member 4, and the shape of the inner side surface of the house of the inner side translucent film member 5. FIG.

FIGS. 17 to 20 show still other forms of the shape of the inner side surface of the house of the outer light-transmitting film member 4 in the first to third embodiments.
As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the inner side surface of the house of the outer translucent film member 4 has a plurality of unequal triangular cross-section ridges or grooves formed in parallel, and two ridges having an angle with each other. Or it forms with a groove | channel.
Moreover, as shown in FIG.19 and FIG.20, the inner side surface of the house of the outer side translucent film member 4 forms the ridge or groove | channel of an unequal triangular triangular cross section by the ridge or groove | channel of three directions.
When the configuration shown in FIGS. 17 to 20 is adopted, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the effect due to a change in the solar orientation.
When it is constituted by two-direction ridges or grooves, it becomes a quadrangular pyramid protrusion or depression, and when it is constituted by three-direction ridges or grooves, it becomes a triangular pyramid protrusion or depression.
In this case as well, light beams directed in various directions enter the house, and the same effect as in the ninth embodiment can be obtained at the same time.
In addition, the form shown in FIGS. 17-20 is applicable also to the shape of the outer side surface of the house of the outer side translucent film member 4, and the shape of the inner side surface of the house of the inner side translucent film member 5. FIG.

In any of the embodiments described above, the same effect can be obtained by using any material such as a fluorine film, a polyolefin-based special film, a polycarbonate plate, and an acrylic plate as the material of the light-transmitting

film members

4 and 5 or the light-transmitting plate. Obtainable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof panel member 2 Agricultural house structural member 3 Panel frame member 4 Translucent film member outside agricultural house 5 Translucent film member inside agricultural house 6 Ridge of unequal triangular cross section

Claims

An agricultural house having a double translucent film or a double translucent plate forming an air insulation layer,
Of the light-transmitting film or the light-transmitting plate, the inner surface of the light-transmitting film or the light-transmitting plate located on the outside of the house is inclined with an inclination angle of 5 to 45 degrees, Agriculture using a double translucent film or a double translucent plate characterized by having a plurality of ridges or grooves composed of an unequal triangular cross section with a slope having an angle of 30 to 85 degrees For house.
An unequal side in which the outer surface of the light-transmitting film or the light-transmitting plate located on the outer side of the house has a slope with an inclination angle of 2 to 45 degrees and a smaller angle than the inner surface of the house. The agricultural house using the double light-transmitting film or the double light-transmitting plate according to claim 1, wherein the house has a plurality of ridges or grooves each having a triangular cross section.
The ridge or groove of the unequal triangular cross section is a straight line, the straight direction is arranged in the east-west direction on the roof surface of the house, and the slope having the inclination angle of 30 degrees to 85 degrees is arranged in the south direction. An agricultural house using the double light-transmitting film or the double light-transmitting plate according to claim 1 or 2.
The ridge or groove of the unequal triangular cross section is constituted by a line segment or a curve divided in the middle of the translucent film or the translucent plate instead of a straight line extending over both ends of the translucent film or translucent plate. Or the agricultural house using the double translucent film or double translucent board of Claim 2.
The double edge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein ridges or grooves of the plurality of unequal triangular cross sections formed in parallel are formed in two or three directions having an angle with each other. Agricultural house using translucent film or double translucent plate.
The double light transmission according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a roof surface constituted by the double light transmission film or the double light transmission plate has an independent panel structure. Agricultural house using film or double translucent plate.
Of the light-transmitting film or the light-transmitting plate, the inner surface of the light-transmitting film or the light-transmitting plate located on the inner side of the house has a slope having an inclination angle of 5 degrees to 45 degrees, 2. The double translucent film or double double crystal according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of ridges or grooves each having an unequal triangular cross section with a slope having an inclination angle of 30 to 85 degrees. Agricultural house using translucent plates.