JP2000069858A - Method for culturing plant in green house and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the prevention of propagation of pests such as sundry germs at the earth floor inside a clean green house, the avoidance of the influence of outer weather and the obtaining of stable harvest the year round. SOLUTION: The earth floor inside a clean green house P is covered with a waterproof sheet 5, and a main duct 7 for taking-in outer air having an introducing fan 6 and plural clean air-supplying branch ducts 8 which are all connected to the main ducts through a filter 9 for filtering the outer air introduced into the main duct by the introducing fan 6 are placed inside the clean green house P. The branch ducts 8 are each extended and placed below a culturing circulating apparatus 2 of a multi-staged bench structure, which is placed inside the clean green house P, for placing culturing containers Q. The culturing circulating apparatus 2 comprises a lower stage pool 3B for the seedling raising period, which moves the culturing container Q to the downstream side with the flow due to buoyancy by pouring water into the culturing circulating apparatus 2 and bringing it into a water filled state, and an upper stage pool 3A, which is placed above the lower stage pool 3B. The upper stage pool 3A moves the culturing container Q, whose raising of seedlings is completed, to the upstream side from the downstream side. When the culturing container Q flows and reaches the downstream side, it is kept there until the plants grow up to the state they are ready for harvesting.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention enables the raising and cultivation of plants in a greenhouse outdoors under the sun without using pesticides for insecticide sterilization by keeping the environment inside the greenhouse clean. The present invention also relates to a greenhouse cultivation method and a greenhouse cultivation method for a plant in a clean greenhouse, which can be mechanized and can be performed with light work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a greenhouse for plant cultivation, a skylight and side windows are opened and closed to provide ventilation. Therefore, when the skylights and side windows are opened, pests and the like may enter from the outside, and as a preventive measure, when the pests and the like enter from the outside, it is necessary to spray pesticides. I was In recent years, as a method for cultivating plants without using soil by giving water containing elements necessary for normal growth of plants, for example, for bulb plants, soilless cultivation, nutrient cultivation, hydroponics, So-called hydroponic cultivation is performed. Hydroponics includes a method in which roots are directly immersed in an aqueous solution, and a method in which roots are applied to chemically inert materials such as sand, gravel, vermiculite, and sawdust. In such hydroponic cultivation, the roots breathe and consume oxygen, so for example, circulating the culture solution between the cultivation water tank and the water supply tank, providing a step on the way to create a waterfall, etc. A system is employed in which oxygen in water is dissolved in a culture solution.

[0003]

However, in conventional greenhouses, the control of pests and the like has been solved by the use of pesticides, which has a direct adverse effect on plants to be grown and grown. In addition, in the nutrient solution cultivation by the conventional hydroponic method and the like, it is a fact that chemical fertilizer is supplied to the plant as a culture solution, and at this time, a cultivation water tank is used to dissolve oxygen in water into the culture solution. Man-made and mechanical operations such as circulating the culture medium with the water supply tank are constantly required throughout the year, making agricultural and industrial equipment extremely complex and expensive, and increasing the installation area required for cultivation and cultivation. In addition, there has been a drawback that the environmental adjustment for the cultivation and cultivation of plants must be constantly maintained, and agricultural work has been extremely difficult. Furthermore, even in such advanced horticulture as a facility horticulture, stable harvesting throughout the year was very difficult due to the influence of external weather.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned various circumstances, and prevents the propagation of pests such as various germs in the soil, and can be easily and easily performed by elderly people and women. An object of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse cultivation method and a greenhouse cultivation method of a plant by a clean greenhouse, which can perform farming work, can obtain a stable harvest throughout the year without being affected by external weather, and can also be mechanized. I do.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the method for greenhouse cultivation of plants according to the present invention, the clean greenhouse P is installed in a closed-type clean greenhouse P installed outdoors under the sun. Is a method of raising and cultivating plants by the cultivation circulating device 2 having a multi-stage bench structure installed in the inside, and more specifically, a closed type of raising and cultivating plants in a greenhouse outdoors under the sun. The cultivation circulation device 2 having a multi-stage bench structure is installed in the clean greenhouse P. In the clean greenhouse P, a plurality of main air ducts 7 equipped with the introduction fan 6 for taking in outside air are branched and extended. Clean air is introduced into the clean greenhouse P through the branch duct 8, which keeps the soil in the clean greenhouse P dry at all times, thereby preventing the propagation of various bacteria.
It is possible to introduce clean air into the clean greenhouse P via the branch duct 8 extended below the cultivation circulation device 2. Depending on weather conditions inside and outside the clean greenhouse P, the introduction fan 6, the main duct 7, the branch duct 8
Is to circulate the clean air in the clean greenhouse P. The main duct 7 and the branch duct 8 are provided with a cold and hot heat source, and by switching between the cold heat source and the hot heat source, the clean greenhouse P through the main duct 7 and the branch duct 8 in winter.
It is used as a heating device for supplying warm air into the inside, and is used as a cooling device for supplying cool air through both ducts 7 and 8 in the summer season. The introduction fan 6, the main duct 7, and the branch duct 8 are used for supplying carbon dioxide gas. A lower pool 3B for raising seedlings on a lower bench 2B side of a cultivation circulating device 2 having an upper and lower two-stage bench structure installed in a closed-type clean greenhouse P for raising and cultivating plants in a greenhouse P under the outdoor sun. Then, a cultivation container Q in which germinated plants are planted is placed, and water is poured into the lower pool 3B to be in an irrigated state, and the cultivation container Q is moved downstream by riding on a flow by buoyancy. When the seedling raising is completed on the downstream side of the pool 3B, after the cultivation container Q is moved to the upstream side of the upper pool 3A for growing on the upper bench 2A side,
When the cultivation container has flowed downstream of the upper pool 3A,
Plants are allowed to grow until harvestable. Except during irrigation, the water injected into the upper and lower pools 3A and 3B is drained and collected in a water storage tank. On the other hand, in the plant greenhouse cultivation apparatus 1 according to the present invention, a closed-type clean greenhouse P installed outdoors under the sun and a plurality of cultivation containers Q accommodating cultivation soil T for planting plants are provided. The cultivation circulating device 2 having a multi-stage bench structure is installed in the clean greenhouse P so as to be moved at the time of watering in the pools 3A and 3B. A closed-type clean greenhouse P for raising and cultivating plants in a greenhouse, a waterproof sheet 5 that shields the soil to prevent contamination from the soil in the clean greenhouse P, and a cultivation installed in the clean greenhouse P A cultivation circulating device 2 having a two-stage upper and lower bench structure for mounting the container Q, a main duct 7 installed in the clean greenhouse P and equipped with an introduction fan 6, and an outside air introduced by the introduction fan 6. Filter There configured to have a branch duct 8 for Clean air which via a filter 9 is branched connected to a plurality of the main duct 7 is stretched installed on the lower side of the culture circulation device 2. The cultivation circulation device 2 having a two-stage upper and lower bench structure mounts a cultivation container Q in which germinated plants are planted, injects water into an irrigated state, and puts the cultivation container Q downstream by buoyancy by flowing. The lower pool 3B for raising seedlings to be moved to the side, and the cultivation container Q which is installed above the lower pool 3B and whose seedling has been finished downstream of the lower pool 3B is moved and mounted on the upstream side, When the cultivation container Q has flowed to the side, the upper stage pool 3A for growing the plant can be grown so that the plant can be harvested. The bottom of the cultivation container Q is formed in a mesh shape so that water is uniformly supplied from the bottom to the inside of the cultivation container Q.
The nonwoven fabric S may be laid and arranged on the inner surface so that the roots of the internal plants come into contact with air and supply necessary oxygen. In the cultivation container Q, each pool 3A, 3B
A buoyancy device R that allows the entire cultivation container Q to rise and move when the inside reaches a certain water level can be adopted. On the lower surface of the upper pool, a supplementary light device 4 for irradiating short-range supplementary light when the lower pool 3B has a shortage of light quantity can be mounted. The main duct 7 for taking in outside air, which is arranged outside the clean greenhouse P, has an outside air suction part 10 having one end opening side facing outward and a greenhouse air suction having the other end opening side communicating with the inside of the clean greenhouse P. And an open / close type damper 12, 13 in the outside air suction unit 10 and the greenhouse air suction unit 11, respectively.
The open / close damper 12 on the side of the outside air intake unit 10 is closed during internal air circulation, and the open / close damper 13 on the side of the greenhouse air intake unit 11 is closed during intake of outside air. Can be. The main duct 7 and the branch duct 8 are respectively provided with a heating source as a heating device for supplying hot air into the greenhouse using the main duct 7 and the branch duct 8 in winter, and a heat source from both ducts 7 and 8 in summer. A cooling / heating heat source device 14 which is switched to a cooling source which serves as a cooling device for supplying cool air is attached, so that the plant growing space holds a hot lump area during heating and a cold lump area during cooling. be able to.
It is possible to adopt a configuration in which a heat retaining curtain 15 that allows sunlight to pass therethrough and has a heat retaining property of heat and cold is disposed on the ceiling side of the clean greenhouse P so as to be covered or openable. On the ceiling side of the clean greenhouse P, it is assumed that a wind pressure damper 16 for exhausting an air amount corresponding to the introduced outside air amount is mounted, and in one corner of the clean greenhouse P, equipment used for seedling and cultivation, Sterilization chamber 17 for carrying out sterilization and sterilization of materials and the like and then carrying it into clean greenhouse P
May be provided. Furthermore, the sterilization room 17
A pair of cultivation soil sterilizers 18A and 18B for heating and sterilizing the cultivation container Q filled with the cultivation soil is provided at a location adjacent to the cultivation soil Q.
Are arranged adjacently, and one cultivation soil sterilizer 18A performs a cooling process to an appropriate temperature at the time of planting of the cultivated plant while the other cultivation soil sterilizer 18B performs the heat sterilization process. Can be.

In the method and apparatus for greenhouse cultivation of a plant according to the present invention, the lower pool 3 for raising seedlings in the cultivation circulator 2 having an upper and lower two-stage bench structure.
B places the cultivation container Q on which the germinating plants are planted, and moves the cultivation container Q downstream by buoyancy when water is injected. Then, when the seedling raising is completed on the downstream side of the lower pool 3B, the cultivation container Q is moved and mounted on the upper pool 3A upstream for growing, and when the cultivation container Q reaches the downstream side of the upper pool 3A, the plant is removed. Grow until harvestable. At this time, the buoyancy device R of the cultivation container Q raises the entire cultivation container Q when the inside of each of the pools 3A and 3B is irrigated and reaches a certain water level, rides on the flow of water, and puts it on each of the pools 3A and 3B. To make it movable.
The waterproof sheet 5 laid in the clean greenhouse P prevents contamination and the like from germs from the soil, and dries the clean greenhouse P. The main duct 7 is introduced into the clean greenhouse P in a state where the outside air introduced by the introduction fan 6 is filtered by the filter 9 to be clean air, and is introduced into the clean greenhouse P. The main duct 7 branches from the main duct 7 and is laid below the cultivation circulation device 2. It is supplied into the clean greenhouse P by the branched branch duct 8. The auxiliary light device 4 mounted on the lower surface of the upper pool 3A uniformly irradiates the short-range auxiliary light onto the lower pool 3B when the lower pool 3B has insufficient light quantity. Depending on weather conditions inside and outside the clean greenhouse P, the introduction fan 6, the main duct 7, and the branch duct 8 circulate clean air inside the clean greenhouse P. At this time, the open / close damper 12 of the outside air suction unit 10 is closed during the circulation of the inside air, and the open / close damper 13 of the air suction unit 11 of the greenhouse is closed during the suction of the outside air. The cold / hot heat source device 14 is a heating device that uniformly supplies warm air to the greenhouse in winter by switching between a cold heat source and a hot heat source, and is used as a cooling device in summer. Thermal insulation curtain 15 arranged so as to cover the ceiling side in the clean greenhouse P
Is to keep the hot lumps in the winter and the cold lumps in the summer, and to bring it to one side when the weather does not require heat retention. The exhaust air pressure damper 16 mounted on the ceiling side of the clean greenhouse P exhausts an air amount corresponding to the introduced outside air amount, and keeps the closed state during the clean air circulation in the clean greenhouse P. Sterilization room 17 in clean greenhouse P
Is to sterilize and sterilize equipment and materials used for raising and cultivating seedlings. A pair of cultivation soil sterilizers 18A and 18B in the clean greenhouse P heat and sterilize the cultivation container Q filled with the cultivation soil exclusively, and one cultivation soil sterilizer 18A sterilizes the other cultivation soil during the heat sterilization process. The device 18B performs a cooling process to an appropriate temperature at the time of planting of the cultivated plant.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
By keeping the environment in the greenhouse clean, organic cultivation without the use of pesticides for insecticide sterilization, the cultivation circulating device 2 is internally provided to enable the raising and cultivation of plants in the greenhouse outdoors in the sun. This is a greenhouse cultivation apparatus provided with a clean greenhouse P in which is installed. The clean greenhouse P has a closed greenhouse structure that does not use a skylight or a side window, and can use carbon dioxide gas throughout the year to increase the yield. The shape of the clean greenhouse P may be a dome type, a gable type, a fenro type, a pipe greenhouse type, or other shapes. Needless to say, the shape may be any.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the cultivation circulation device 2 includes, for example, an upper bench 2A and a lower bench 2A.
B is constructed in a multi-stage structure such as an upper and lower two-stage structure, which is supported by a frame having appropriate columns, and is arranged in three rows with a passage on the side of the girder as shown in FIG. It has been installed. The upper bench 3A in the cultivation circulating apparatus 2 is provided with an upper pool 3A that stores a certain amount of water in the upper bench 2A and that is used during growth.
Each of the lower tier pools 3B for allowing a certain amount of water to be used at the time of raising seedlings is individually mounted, and cultivation containers Q, which will be described later and filled with cultivation soil T containing organic components, are provided in each pool 3.
A and 3B are assumed to move. That is, the upper pool 3A and the lower pool 3B are inclined with a gentle gradient in the opposite direction along the longitudinal direction, and the pools 3A and 3B are filled with a certain amount of water by a pump during watering. After a certain period of time, drainage is collected in a water storage tank (not shown), and at the time of irrigation when water is injected, a cultivation container Q equipped with a buoyancy device R described later multiplies buoyancy to form a water flow. It can be moved downstream by riding. Note that the cultivation container Q may be moved by an operational pressing force such as manual pressing without providing a gradient to each of the pools 3A and 3B.

Then, the lower bench 2B of the cultivation circulation device 2
On the lower side, a branch duct 8 branched from a main duct 7 described later is extended and installed. As shown in FIG. 4, when the lower pool 3B has a shortage of light quantity, the lower pool 3A is provided with a light supplement device 4 on the lower surface of the upper pool 3A so that short-range supplementary light such as a fluorescent lamp can be uniformly irradiated on the lower pool 3B. In addition, when unnecessary, the irradiation can be stopped by turning off a power switch, and in some cases, the light supplement device 4 can be easily removed.

As shown in FIG. 3, the cultivation container Q is in the shape of a flat rectangular box, around which a floating bag type buoyancy device R of one or more stages for forming buoyancy is attached. When each of the pools 3A and 3B reaches a certain water level, the entire cultivation container Q rises to the surface of the water and moves by a buoyancy device R attached around the cultivation container Q. At this time, the size of the cultivation container Q is set in a single row with the side length corresponding to the width of each of the pools 3A, 3B, or the pools 3A, 3B are placed.
The pools 3A and 3B are placed adjacent to each other in two rows having a side length of about half the width of B, and the total length of each of the pools 3A and 3B is within the cultivation container Q that moves on the water flow. The length is set according to the harvesting and growing period of the plant. Specifically, for example, about 10 to 20 cultivation containers Q are sequentially arranged and placed in each of the pools 3A and 3B, and each time the pools 3A and 3B are irrigated over several days. After sequentially moving on the water surface in the inside and taking out the cultivation container Q whose growth has been completed, a new one of the cultivation container Q is placed in each pool 3.
It is placed in an empty space in A and 3B. The movement of the cultivation container Q on each of the pools 3A and 3B is as follows.
This is performed in a timely manner in accordance with the seedling raising time and the harvesting time of the plant.
The total length of A and 3B is also set in advance in accordance with the seedling raising time and the harvesting time of the plant. In addition, when moving from the lower pool 3B to the upper pool 3A, relocation, etc., it is performed manually by an operator or the like, or automatically by mechanical moving means (not shown). . Of course, when moving the cultivation container Q inside each of the pools 3A and 3B, it is also possible to use a mechanical moving means.

The water injected into each of the pools 3A and 3B may be such that the cultivation container Q floats and moves during watering in each of the pools 3A and 3B. Normally, tap water, groundwater and the like are used. It has become something. However, these waters contain elements necessary for normal plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, chlorine, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, etc. Thus, the culture water for hydroponics may be used. At this time, the bottom of the box-shaped cultivation container Q is a mesh bottom U, and water is cultivated from the bottom to the cultivation soil T.
, Or directly to the plants in the cultivation container Q uniformly. Further, a non-woven fabric S is stuck on the inner surface of the cultivation container Q, and when the roots of the plants are completely watered, they come into direct contact with air through the non-woven fabric S so that necessary oxygen can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 3 (b), an uneven portion is formed on the bottom surface of each of the pools 3A and 3B, and an air layer is formed on the lower surface of the cultivation container Q at the time of drainage.

As shown in FIG. 1, a waterproof sheet 5 is laid on the entire surface of the soil to prevent contamination from the soil in the clean greenhouse P, and the soil is shielded by the waterproof sheet 5. Is kept in a dry state to prevent the propagation of various bacteria in the soil.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a clean greenhouse P
For example, a main duct 7 for taking in outside air provided with an introduction fan 6 having a required capacity is installed on, for example, a side wall portion, and a plurality of, for example, three branch ducts are provided from the main duct 7 inside the clean greenhouse P. 8 are connected by branching and extended below the lower bench 2B in the cultivation circulation device 2. The branch duct 8 is provided with a clean air outlet 8A at an appropriate interval in an upper portion, a side portion and the like. At the time of taking in outside air, the outside air sucked into the main duct 7 by the introduction fan 6 is once filtered by the filter 9 to make clean air,
Preferably, it is introduced and supplied to the clean greenhouse P preferably evenly through the branch duct 8 laid below. At this time, the performance of the filter 9 is selected according to the cleanness required in the clean greenhouse P. still,
The branch duct 8 is connected to the lower bench 2 in the cultivation circulation device 2.
It is not limited to the case where it is disposed below B, but may be disposed at an appropriate position in the clean greenhouse P, such as on the side of the cultivation circulation device 2 or along the inner surface of the side wall of the clean greenhouse P.

Further, depending on weather conditions inside and outside the clean greenhouse P, the introduction fan 6, the main duct 7, and the branch duct 8 are also used to circulate clean air inside the clean greenhouse P. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper end of a main duct 7 for taking in outside air which is arranged outside the clean greenhouse P has an outside air suction portion 10 with one opening side facing outward and a clean end at the other opening side. The greenhouse air suction portion 11 communicated with the greenhouse P is formed in a substantially T-shape, and the outside air suction portion 10 and the greenhouse air suction portion 11 are equipped with, for example, electrically operated open / close dampers 12 and 13, respectively. The open / close damper 12 of the outside air suction unit 10 is closed during internal air circulation, and the open / close damper 13 of the greenhouse air suction unit 11 is closed during outside air suction. The introduction fan 6, the main duct 7, and the branch duct 8 can also be used for supplying carbon dioxide gas. For example, the carbon dioxide application device 21 connected to the main duct 7 outside the clean greenhouse P Supplied by

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a cold or hot heat source device 14 of a direct or indirect type is mounted inside the main duct 7 and the branch duct 8 to switch between a cold and hot heat source, respectively. In winter, main duct 7 and branch duct 8
Is used as a heating device for uniformly supplying warm air into the clean greenhouse P, and can be used similarly as a cooling device for supplying cool air from both ducts 7 and 8 in summer. In this case, when using a heating device and a cooling device,
It is not necessary to use the entire volume of the greenhouse as the target area, and it is only necessary to maintain the hot lump area during heating and the cold lump area during cooling in the plant growth space. For example, as a specific configuration, a heat-insulating curtain 15 that transmits sunlight but is excellent in heat-insulating and cold-insulating power is disposed so as to cover the ceiling side in the clean greenhouse P, and in a weather when it is not necessary to keep the heat. Are to be moved to one side, so that the warm lump area is maintained in winter and the cold lump area is maintained in summer.

Although the clean greenhouse P is not provided with a ventilation device such as a skylight, a side window, an eaves window, etc., a wind pressure damper 16 for exhaust is provided on the ceiling side of the clean greenhouse P in advance, as shown in FIG. The air amount corresponding to the introduced outside air is exhausted from the wind pressure damper 16 to the outside of the clean greenhouse P. At this time, clean greenhouse P
During the above-described clean air circulation, the exhaust air pressure damper 16 is kept closed. The wind pressure damper 16 is protected by a protection device (not shown) so as not to be affected by external weather.

As shown in FIG. 2, in one corner of the clean greenhouse P, there is provided a sterilization chamber 17 for sterilizing and sterilizing the equipment and materials used for raising seedlings and cultivation, and then carrying the sterilized greenhouse P into the clean greenhouse P. Yes, to prevent invasion of various bacteria from the outside air, the door facing the outside (dirty area) of the sterilizing chamber 17 is opened and closed only from the outside, and the door facing the inside of the clean greenhouse P (clean area) is opened from the inside. It has an interlock configuration that can only be opened and closed.

A pair of cultivation soil sterilizers 18A and 18B having the same performance for heat sterilizing the cultivation container Q filled with the cultivation soil T is provided at a location adjacent to the sterilization chamber 17 in the clean greenhouse P. The cultivation soil sterilization apparatus 18B is provided adjacent to the cultivation soil sterilization apparatus 18A and performs the cooling processing to an appropriate temperature at the time of planting the cultivated plants while the other cultivation soil sterilization apparatus 18B performs the heat sterilization processing. In addition, the cultivation soil T contains various organic components required for the growth of plants, and the formation and the like of organic matter in the cultivation soil T are coupled with the fact that the cultivation container Q itself needs to be small, When the organic component is contained, it can be easily performed by a small stirrer.

As shown in FIG. 2, a clean greenhouse P
An air shower room 19 is provided in one corner, and a worker engaged in the work in the clean greenhouse P wears clean work clothes which have been sterilized in advance.
, And enters the clean greenhouse P. Reference numeral 20 denotes a cool box for storing harvested plants.

Next, an example of use of the present invention will be described.
Workers engaged in work in the clean greenhouse P come to work in the morning and wear clean work clothes that have been sterilized in advance,
The user enters the clean greenhouse P via the air shower room 19. Upper pool 3A for growing on the cultivation circulation device 2,
In each of the lower pools 3B for raising seedlings, the cultivation containers Q filled with the cultivation soil T are arranged in a single row or in two rows. At this time, the cultivation container Q filled with the cultivation soil T is heated, for example, the day before by the dedicated cultivation soil sterilizers 18A and 18B, and cooled to the appropriate temperature for planting the night before.
The equipment and materials used for cultivation are carried in the sterilization room 17 yesterday and sterilized, and are carried in after being sterilized from the door inside the clean greenhouse P. Next, the cultivation container Q that has been cooled by opening the door inside the clean greenhouse P
And germinating plants are taken out from a germination device (not shown) and planted in a cultivation container Q. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the planted cultivation container Q is placed on the side of the lower pool 3 </ b> B for raising seedlings in the cultivation circulation device 2 of the greenhouse cultivation device 1. At this time, when the lower pool 3B has a shortage of light quantity, the supplementary device 4 using a fluorescent lamp emits short-range supplementary light.

When watering or moving the cultivation container Q,
Water is injected into each of the upper pool 3A and the lower pool 3B by a pump. At this time, since the cultivation container Q is provided with buoyancy when it comes into contact with the water by the buoyancy device R when water is injected and becomes irrigated, the inserted cultivation container Q rides on the flow. To move downstream. Thereafter, after a certain period of time, the water in each of the upper pool 3A and the lower pool 3B is drained and collected in the water storage tank. Specifically, for example, about 10 to 20 cultivation containers Q are sequentially arranged and placed in the upper pool 3A and the lower pool 3B, and each time the upper pool 3A is irrigated over several days, The cultivation container Q that has been grown is taken out from the upper pool 3A while being sequentially moved downstream on the water surface in the lower pool 3B,
The cultivation container Q on the downstream side of the lower pool 3B is placed in the upper pool 3A.
Is moved and placed manually by an operator, and a new cultivation container Q is placed in an empty space in the lower pool 3B. In other words, in the upper pool 3A, for example, about 10 to 20 cultivation containers Q, in which the seedlings taken out from the lower pool 3B have been completed, are sequentially arranged and placed in order, and each time the plants are irrigated over several days. To the downstream side on the water surface in the upper pool 3A.
The cultivation container Q in which the seedlings have been raised is taken out from B and placed in an empty space in the lower pool 3B. Such movement of the cultivation container Q on each of the pools 3A and 3B is performed in a timely manner in accordance with the seedling raising time and the harvesting time of the plant. In this way, the plant grows until it can be harvested before reaching the downstream side of the upper pool 3A into which the water of the upper bench 2A is poured, and finally the upper pool 3A
The cultivation container Q in which the plant is in the harvesting time is flowing downstream of. After that, the plants that can be harvested are transported together with the cultivation container Q to the harvesting workplace, and the worker places the cultivation container Q on the harvesting worktable, and the harvested plants are weighed, put into a film bag, and placed in a container. It waits for shipment in the cool box 20.

In the cultivation circulation device 2, the upper bench 2A, the lower bench 2B, the upper pool 3A, the lower pool 3B and the like may be arranged upside down. Although not shown, each of the benches 2A and 2B and each of the pools 3
A, 3B, etc. can be configured not only in two stages, upper and lower, but also in multiple stages of three or more odd or even stages. In that case, the moving system of the cultivation container Q is sequentially arranged at each of the constituent stage positions. Alternatively, plants that are in the same growing state may be arranged and moved using a plurality of plants in a plurality of stages as a set.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a closed-type clean greenhouse P installed outdoors under the sun, a cultivation circulation device 2 having a multi-stage bench structure installed in the clean greenhouse P.
Because we decided to grow and cultivate plants,
It is possible to prevent the propagation of pests such as various bacteria between soils inside the clean greenhouse P, and to obtain a stable harvest throughout the year without being affected by external weather. In addition, by making the greenhouse closed, the temperature inside the greenhouse in the summer in particular increases, but instead of using the entire greenhouse volume as an environmental control space, only the plant growing space is targeted for the environmental control space, In the summer, it is possible to maintain the hot lump area by the heat source, and in the summer, the cold lump area by the cold heat source, and improve the cultivation environment of the plant growth space, enabling stable harvest throughout the year. .

That is, according to the present invention, the cultivation circulation device 2 having a multi-stage bench structure is installed in a closed-type clean greenhouse P for raising and cultivating plants in a greenhouse outdoors under the sun. In P, clean air is introduced into the clean greenhouse P through a branch duct 8 which is branched from a main duct 7 for introducing outside air, which is equipped with an introduction fan 6, and is extended. There is a greenhouse with no skylights and side windows through which pests enter, and necessary outside air is introduced through a filter 9 and the air inside the greenhouse is cleaned to eliminate pests, so cultivation without using pesticides, that is, cultivation without pesticides Cultivation is enabled, and organic cultivation can be performed efficiently.
Moreover, regardless of the external weather, the greenhouses are closed, so they are not greatly affected by them, and by enabling cultivation throughout the year, it is possible to stabilize agricultural management.

Further, by introducing clean air into the clean greenhouse P through the branch duct 8 extending and installed below the cultivation circulation device 2, the cool temperature range is lower in the clean greenhouse P. In addition, the warm regions are formed above each other. For this purpose, the growing plants after germination are placed and grown, for example, in the lower temperature zone of the lower pool 3B installed in the lower position, and the grown plants are placed in the warmer region of the upper pool 3A installed in the upper position. In this case, the plants are grown in a temperature range that is an environment in which a temperature difference corresponding to each growth stage is formed, so that the plants can be grown very efficiently.

Cultivation circulation device 2 having a two-stage upper and lower bench structure
Is a lower pool for raising seedlings in which a cultivation container Q in which germinated plants are planted is placed and the cultivation container Q is moved by buoyancy to the downstream side by buoyancy when water is injected and brought into an irrigated state. 3B and the cultivation container Q, which has been installed above the lower pool 3B and has finished raising seedlings on the downstream side of the lower pool 3B, is moved and mounted on the upstream side, and when the cultivation container Q has flowed on the downstream side. And the upper pool 3A for growing the plant so that the plant can be grown until it can be harvested. The cultivation area is doubled, and the land is effectively used. Of course, these benches 2A, 2
Since each of B and the pools 3A and 3B can be arranged in a plurality of stages, the cultivation area can be substantially increased correspondingly.

The bottom of the cultivation container Q is formed in a mesh shape so that water is uniformly supplied from the bottom to the inside of the cultivation container Q.
Since the nonwoven fabric S is laid and arranged on the inner surface so that the roots of the plants inside the cultivation container Q come into contact with air and supply necessary oxygen, the roots of the plants come into contact with the air efficiently through the nonwoven fabric S when watering is completed. Necessary oxygen can be reliably obtained, and stable cultivation and cultivation can be performed.

In the cultivation container Q, each pool 3A, 3B
When the water depth reaches a certain level, a buoyancy device R is provided, which lifts and moves the entire cultivation container Q by the buoyancy device R, so that the manual movement of the cultivation container Q on the cultivation circulation device 2 can be omitted, and the cultivation can be performed Since the device 1 is of a water flow mobile type by buoyancy, it can be easily performed by elderly people and women, and the cultivation container Q itself can be downsized, so that farming can be performed easily, efficiently and easily. .

The lower pool 3 is provided on the lower surface of the upper pool 3A.
Since the auxiliary light device 4 for irradiating short-range auxiliary light when B has a shortage of light quantity is provided so as to be attachable, it is possible to obtain an environment necessary for raising seedlings even in poor sunshine conditions or at night.

At the upper end of a main duct 7 for taking in outside air, which is arranged outside the clean greenhouse P, an outside air suction part 10 having one open end facing outward and the other open end communicating with the clean greenhouse P are connected. Open / close dampers 12 and 13 are provided in the outside air suction unit 10 and the greenhouse air suction unit 11, respectively. Since the damper 12 is closed, and the openable damper 13 on the side of the greenhouse air suction unit 11 is closed when the outside air is taken in, the germs due to outside air into the clean greenhouse P via the main duct 7 are removed. Invasion of pests can be prevented.

Each of the main duct 7 and the branch duct 8 has a heating source as a heating device for supplying warm air into the greenhouse using the main duct 7 and the branch duct 8 in winter, and both ducts 7 in summer. , 8 is equipped with a cooling / heating heat source device 14 which can be switched to a cooling / heating source serving as a cooling device for supplying cooling air, respectively.
In the plant growth space, it is possible to maintain a hot lump area when heating and a cold lump area when cooling, and the greenhouse is closed regardless of the external weather, so it is not greatly affected, and cultivation throughout the year Enable farmers to stabilize farming.

Since the heat-insulating curtain 15 that transmits sunlight and has heat-insulating power of hot and cold is disposed on the ceiling side of the clean greenhouse P so as to be covered or openable.
It is possible to maintain the hot lump area created by the warm air supplied from the main duct 7 and the branch duct 8, and the cold lump area created by the cold wind, that is, the cultivation environment of the plant growing space can be improved. Stable harvest throughout the year.

A wind pressure damper 16 for exhausting an air amount corresponding to the introduced outside air amount to the outside is mounted on the ceiling side of the clean greenhouse P, so that the inside of the clean greenhouse P is always maintained at a stable pressure. It does not require a ventilation device such as a skylight, a side window, an eaves window, and the like, and is not directly affected by the outside air.

In one corner of the clean greenhouse P, there is provided a sterilization chamber 17 for sterilizing and sterilizing the equipment and materials used for raising seedlings and cultivation, and then carrying the sterilized equipment to the clean greenhouse P. And the invasion of pests such as various germs by the outside air into the clean greenhouse P can be prevented.

A pair of cultivation soil sterilizers 18A and 18B for heating and sterilizing the cultivation container Q filled with the cultivation soil T is installed adjacent to the sterilization chamber 17 and one cultivation soil sterilizer 18A is provided. During the heat sterilization process, the other cultivation soil sterilization device 18B performs the cooling process to the appropriate temperature at the time of planting of the cultivated plant, so the inside of the clean greenhouse P via the cultivation container Q filled with the cultivation soil T It is possible to prevent invasion of pests such as various germs by outside air into the air.

Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide for plant growth is an effective means. In conventional greenhouses, skylights and side windows are opened, so the use of carbon dioxide was limited to winter. Since the clean greenhouse P according to the present invention is a closed greenhouse that does not use a skylight or a side window, carbon dioxide can be used throughout the year, and the yield can be increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of a device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 3 also shows a cultivation container, in which (a) is a partially cutaway plan view and (b) is a cross-sectional view.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an essential part schematically showing the cultivation circulation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Greenhouse cultivation apparatus 2 ... Cultivation circulation apparatus 2A ... Upper bench 2B ... Lower bench 3A ... Upper pool 3B ... Lower pool 4 ... Lighting device 5 ... Waterproof sheet 6 ... Introduction fan 7 ... Main duct 8 ... Branch duct 8A ... Mouth 9 ... Filter 10 ... Outdoor air suction unit 11 ... Greenhouse air suction unit 12,13 ... Open / close type damper 14 ... Cooling / heating heat source device 15 ... Heat insulation curtain 16 ... Wind pressure damper 17 ... Sterilization room 18A, 18B ... Cultivation soil sterilization device 19 ... Air shower room 20 ... cool box 21 ... carbon dioxide application device P ... clean greenhouse Q ... cultivation container R ... buoyancy device S ... nonwoven fabric T ... cultivation soil U ... mesh bottom

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A01G 9/18 A01G 9/18

Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. A plant characterized in that seedlings and cultivation of plants are carried out in a closed-type clean greenhouse installed outdoors under the sun by a cultivation circulating device having a multi-stage bench structure installed in the clean greenhouse. Greenhouse cultivation method. 2. A cultivation circulation device having a multi-stage bench structure is installed in a closed-type clean greenhouse for raising and cultivating plants in a greenhouse under the outdoor sun, and an introduction fan is provided in the clean greenhouse. A greenhouse cultivation method for plants, characterized in that clean air is introduced into a clean greenhouse through a branch duct which is branched and extended from a main duct for taking in outside air. 3. The greenhouse cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the introduction fan, the main duct, and the branch duct circulate clean air in the clean greenhouse according to weather conditions inside and outside the clean greenhouse. 4. A heating device for supplying a hot air into a clean greenhouse via a main duct and a branch duct in winter by switching a cold heat source and a hot heat source to the main duct and the branch duct, respectively, and switching between the cold heat source and the hot heat source. The greenhouse cultivation method of a plant according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the plant is used as a cooling device for supplying cool air through both ducts in the same manner in summer. 5. The greenhouse cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the introduction fan, the main duct, and the branch duct are used for supplying carbon dioxide gas. 6. A lower pool for raising seedlings on a lower bench side of a cultivation circulation device having a two-stage upper and lower bench structure, which is installed in a closed-type clean greenhouse for raising and cultivating plants in a greenhouse under the sunshine outdoors. Then, a cultivation container in which germinated plants are planted is placed, and water is poured into the lower pool to bring it into an irrigated state. When the cultivation containers are moved to the upstream side of the upper pool for growth on the upper bench side when the seedlings are finished on the side, when the cultivation containers flow to the downstream side of the upper pool, the plants are not ready for harvesting. A method for greenhouse cultivation of plants characterized by growing. 7. The greenhouse cultivation method for plants according to claim 6, wherein the water injected into the upper and lower pools is drained and collected in a water storage tank except during irrigation. 8. A closed greenhouse installed outdoors under the sun and a plurality of cultivation containers accommodating cultivation soil for planting plants, which are moved at the time of watering in the pool, into the clean greenhouse. A plant greenhouse cultivation device comprising: a cultivation circulation device having a multi-stage bench structure installed. 9. A closed-type clean greenhouse for raising and cultivating plants in a greenhouse outdoors in the sun, a waterproof sheet shielding the soil between the clean greenhouses to prevent contamination from the soil, and a clean greenhouse. A cultivation circulation device with a multi-staged bench structure for placing cultivation containers placed in the area, a main duct installed in a clean greenhouse and equipped with an introduction fan, and filtering the outside air introduced by the introduction fan A greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants, comprising: a branch duct for supplying clean air which is branched and connected to a plurality of main ducts through a filter to be extended and extended below the cultivation circulation apparatus. 10. A cultivation circulating apparatus, wherein a cultivation container in which a germinating plant is planted is placed, water is poured into the irrigated state, and the cultivation container is moved downstream by buoyancy by riding a flow. When the lower pool for the time, the cultivation container that is installed above the lower pool and the seedling raising is completed on the downstream side of the lower pool is moved and mounted on the upstream side, and when the cultivation container flows down to the downstream side, 10. The greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the plant has an upper and lower two-stage bench structure provided with an upper pool for growing the plants so that the plants can be grown until they can be harvested. 11. The cultivation container has a bottom formed in a mesh shape so that water is uniformly supplied from the bottom to the inside of the cultivation container, and the roots of the plants inside the cultivation container come into contact with air to supply necessary oxygen. The greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein a nonwoven fabric is laid on the inner surface. 12. The cultivation container is provided with a buoyancy device for lifting and moving the entire cultivation container when a certain water level is reached in each pool.
A greenhouse cultivation apparatus for a plant according to any one of the preceding claims. 13. The plant according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein a light supplement device for irradiating short-range supplementary light when the lower pool has a shortage of light is mounted on a lower surface of the upper pool. Greenhouse cultivation equipment. 14. A main duct for taking in outside air which is arranged outside the clean greenhouse, has an outside air suction part whose one end opening side is directed outward, and greenhouse air whose other end opening side communicates with the clean greenhouse. An opening / closing damper is provided for each of the outside air suction section and the greenhouse air suction section.The opening / closing damper on the outside air suction section side is closed when circulating the inside air, and when the outside air is sucked. 14. The greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to claim 8, wherein the openable damper on the side of the greenhouse air suction unit is closed. 15. A main duct and a branch duct each include a heat source serving as a heating device for supplying warm air into the greenhouse using the main duct and the branch duct in winter, and a heat source in the summer similarly from both ducts. A cooling / heating heat source device which can be switched to a cooling / heating source serving as a cooling device for supplying cool air, wherein a hot lump area is held in a plant growing space when heating and a cold lump area is held in cooling. 15. The greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to any one of 14. 16. A heat-insulating curtain, which allows sunlight to pass therethrough and has a heat-retaining power of hot and cold, is disposed on the ceiling side of the clean greenhouse so as to be covered or openable.
A greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to any one of claims 15 to 15. 17. The greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to claim 8, wherein a wind pressure damper for exhausting an air amount corresponding to the introduced outside air amount is mounted on a ceiling side of the clean greenhouse. 18. A sterilization chamber is provided at one corner of the clean greenhouse for sterilizing and sterilizing equipment and materials used for raising seedlings and cultivation, and then carrying the sterilized greenhouse into the clean greenhouse.
18. The greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to any one of claims 17 to 17. 19. A pair of cultivation soil sterilizers for heating and sterilizing a cultivation container filled with cultivation soil is installed adjacent to a sterilization room, and one of the cultivation soil sterilizers is used during the heat sterilization process. 19. The greenhouse cultivation apparatus for plants according to any one of claims 8 to 18, wherein the other cultivation soil sterilization apparatus performs a cooling treatment to an appropriate temperature at the time of planting of the cultivated plants.