JP2009533213A - 電気化学的触媒系を含む浄化構造物 - Google Patents
電気化学的触媒系を含む浄化構造物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009533213A JP2009533213A JP2009504795A JP2009504795A JP2009533213A JP 2009533213 A JP2009533213 A JP 2009533213A JP 2009504795 A JP2009504795 A JP 2009504795A JP 2009504795 A JP2009504795 A JP 2009504795A JP 2009533213 A JP2009533213 A JP 2009533213A
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Abstract
Description
NOx型の汚染物質種を還元する触媒A、
炭化水素HCを酸化する触媒B、
電子伝導性化合物C、
イオン伝導性化合物D
からなり、
例えばディーゼル又はガソリンエンジン由来の排ガスのような汚染ガスを処理する電気化学系を含み、前記ガスを浄化する構造物、好ましくはハニカム構造物であって、
前記触媒A及びBが化合物Cを介して電気的に及び化合物Dを介してイオン的に接触していて、
触媒A及びBが無機物の気孔に堆積していて、
電子伝導性、イオン伝導性又はイオン及び電子伝導性の無機物が、それぞれに前記電気化学系の成分C、成分D、又は成分C及びDの全量を構成するように、
前記構造物が少なくとも1つのイオン伝導性及び/又は電子伝導性多孔質無機物からなる又は少なくとも1つのイオン伝導性及び/又は電子伝導性多孔質無機物で被覆されていることを特徴とする構造物に関する。
担体の気孔の中へ触媒系を導入することは、汚染物に接近しやすい触媒の展開表面積を顕著に増加させるので、反応種同士の接触及び交換の可能性を顕著に増加させることを都合よく可能にする。
担体は、本発明によると、電子伝導体C、又はイオン伝導体D、又はイオン及び電子の伝導体C及びDのいずれかを構成する。有利なことに、この改良は電気化学系に荷電種(イオン及び/又は電子)をいくらでも供与することを都合よく可能にし、このようにしてこの系の能力を高める。
この系の限られた数の構成物質は担体上に堆積するはずであり、担体上の触媒の堆積条件に対するこの系の性能の依存性をかなり減らす。
担体及び触媒系を構成している多孔質無機物同士の良好な化学的適合性。
化合物の少量が堆積することを理由として、より単純な堆積方法と関連した製造コストが削減される。
マトリックスの気孔に堆積していなければならない決まった数の構成物質を理由として、より大量の触媒が堆積することが可能であるから、触媒効率が増加する。
NOxをN2に還元できる還元触媒A、
及び周知の触媒反応によって炭化水素HC及びCOをCO2及びH2Oに酸化できる酸化触媒B、
例えばYZS(イットリア安定化ジルコニア)型の酸素イオンO2-のイオン伝導体D
を含んでいた。
NOxを還元するための反応に必要な電子並びに、HC及びCOを酸化するための反応に必要なアニオンが、固体電解質又は電解質のサイズでは制限されない実質的に一定量の伝導性種を有するセルを確実に機能させることが可能な担体から優先して直接供与される。
電気化学系の酸化・還元反応は、このために実質的に独立して機能する。
触媒A及びBの全粒子が活性であるから電気化学的触媒系の機能が改良され、壁を構成している物質の気孔に粒子A及びBが相対的に堆積するとしても、電気化学系を構成している4つの構成物質A、B、C及びD間の接続部が必然的に形成される。
最初に、SiCに集成しているセラミックフィルタ(そのろ過壁の開放気孔率は約40%に近かった)を周知の技術によって合成した。合成は、ドーパントAlを約200ppmの質量比で含ませることができる条件下で行なわれた。そのようなドープは、実質的に改良された電子伝導度、すなわち400℃で10Ω・cm未満の電気抵抗率を有する構造が得られることを可能にする。
Sasol社が市販しているγアルミナ粉末500gに硝酸Ba水溶液をしみ込ませた。その後、その全てを110℃で乾燥し、次にBaOで被覆されたアルミナ粒子の粉末を得るために空気中において600℃で3時間焼成した。次にこの粉末に、周知の技術によって、ジニトロジアミン白金塩化物の水溶液をしみ込ませ、次に110℃で3時間乾燥し、最終的には触媒Aを得るために250℃で2時間とした。
pHを8以上に調整するためにアンモニア水溶液を加えたジルコニウムヒドロキシナイトレート(zirconium hydroxynitrate)溶液にモルデナイト型のゼオライト粉末300gを懸濁させた。その後この溶液をろ過し、110℃で乾燥し、次に500℃で1時間焼成した。このようにして得られた粉末を硝酸ロジウム水溶液に分散し、次にろ過して400℃で1時間乾燥し、触媒Bを得た。
使用したイオンDは、Tosoh社が販売しているYSZ粉末(基本的にTZ品質のジルコニア粉末)であった。
表2(希薄混合気(混合物1)によるディーゼルモーターの運転中及び濃混合気(混合物2)によるディーゼルエンジンの運転中の排ガスの特性を示す)の2つの合成ガス混合物によって、フィルタの性能を400℃の温度で測定した。
[7g/フィルタのL]でのフィルタ中への煤煙充填率を得るために、3000rpmのエンジン速度及び50Nmのトルクを有するエンジン試験台に2つの前述のフィルタ(非電気触媒的なもの及び電気触媒的なもの)を取り付けた。
Claims (13)
- NOx型の汚染物質種を還元する触媒A、
炭化水素HCを酸化する触媒B、
電子伝導性化合物C、
イオン伝導性化合物D
からなり、
例えばディーゼル又はガソリンエンジン由来の排ガスのような汚染ガスを処理する電気化学系を含み、前記ガスを浄化する構造物、好ましくはハニカム構造物であって、
前記触媒A及びBが、化合物Cを介して電気的に及び化合物Dを介してイオン的に接触していて、
触媒A及びBが無機物の気孔に堆積していて、
電子伝導性、イオン伝導性又はイオン及び電子伝導性の無機物が、それぞれに前記電気化学系の成分C、成分D、又は成分C及びDの全量を構成するように、
前記構造物が少なくとも1つのイオン伝導性及び/又は電子伝導性多孔質無機物からなる又は少なくとも1つのイオン伝導性及び/又は電子伝導性多孔質無機物で被覆されていることを特徴とする構造物。 - 多孔質無機物が電子伝導体であり、電気化学系の成分Cを構成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造物。
- 多孔質無機物が電子伝導体及びイオン伝導体であり、電気化学系の成分C及びDを構成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造物。
- イオン伝導性又は電子伝導性多孔質無機物が、最初からイオン伝導体及び/若しくは電子伝導体ではない又は僅かにイオン伝導体及び/若しくは電子伝導体であるにすぎない多孔質物質のドープ、還元又は酸化処理によって得られることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の構造物。
- 前記のイオン伝導性及び/又は電子伝導性多孔質無機物が、最初からイオン伝導体及び/若しくは電子伝導体ではない又は僅かにイオン伝導体及び/若しくは電子伝導体であるにすぎない多孔質物質をイオン伝導性物質及び/又は電子伝導性物質と混ぜることにより得られることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の構造物。
- 多孔質無機物が、例えばSiCのような炭化物型、若しくは例えばMoSi2のようなケイ化物型、若しくは例えばTiB2のようなホウ化物型の、又はLa1-xSrxMnO3類の、又はガドリニウム・セリウム混合酸化物CGO型の電子伝導性無機物を含む又はこれらからなることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の構造物。
- 多孔質無機物が、ホタル石型構造(例えばCaO若しくはY2O3によって安定化されたジルコニア、ガドリニウム・セリウム混合酸化物)、又はガレート系ペロブスカイト構造(例えばLaAlO3若しくはLaGaO3若しくはLa1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3型のようなランタンを主成分とする化合物)、又はビメボックス(bimevox)構造(例えばBi2V1-xMexOz)、又はラモックス(lamox)構造(例えばLa2Mo2O9)、さらにはアパタイト構造(例えばMe10(XO4)6Y2)の酸素イオンを介して伝導する無機物を含む又はこれらからなることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の構造物。
- 多孔質無機物が、ペロブスカイト型(例えば、SrCexYb1-xO3-α類の化合物のようなSrCe1-xMxO3-α(Mは希土類元素))、又はBaCe1-xMxO3-α型(例えばBaCeO3化合物)、さらにはLaxSr1-xScO3-α類の化合物(例えばLa0.9Sr0.1ScO3-α)の陽子伝導性無機物を含む又はこれらからなることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の構造物。
- 多孔質無機物が炭化ケイ素SiCを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の構造物。
- 無機物が、その電気抵抗率が400℃で20Ω・cm未満になるように、例えばアルミニウム又は窒素でドープされたSiCを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の構造物。
- 多孔質無機物が、場合によりドープされている炭化ケイ素及び、例えばホタル石型構造、若しくはペロブスカイト構造、若しくはビメボックス(bimevox)構造、若しくはラモックス(lamox)構造、若しくはアパタイト構造を有する酸素イオンによって伝導性になる少なくとも1つの無機物又は、例えばペロブスカイト型、若しくはBaCe1-xMxO3-α型、さらにはLaxSr1-xScO3-α類の化合物のような少なくとも1つの陽子伝導性無機物の混合物を含む又はこれらからなることを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の構造物。
- 多孔質無機物が、場合によりドープされている炭化ケイ素(ただし、その気孔に還元触媒A、酸化触媒B及び、例えばホタル石型構造、若しくはペロブスカイト型構造、若しくはビメボックス(bimevox)構造、若しくはラモックス(lamox)構造、若しくはアパタイト構造を有する酸素イオンによって伝導する少なくとも1つの無機物又は、例えばペロブスカイト型、若しくはBaCe1-xMxO3-α型、さらにはLaxSr1-xScO3-α類の化合物のような少なくとも1つの陽子伝導性無機物の混合物が堆積している)を含む又はこれからなることを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の構造物。
- 少なくとも1つの及び好ましくは複数の一体型ハニカムブロックを含み、ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスを浄化及びろ過する構造物であって、前記ブロックが、ガスが孔壁を通過できるようにガスの吸気面に沿って開いている導入路及びガスの排気面に沿って開いている導出路の範囲を定めるために、それらの末端のどちらか一方で目止剤によって閉じられていて、孔壁で隔てられていて、互いに平行な軸を有する隣接した導路又はチャネルの集成体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の構造物。
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- 2007-04-06 WO PCT/FR2007/051090 patent/WO2007116194A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-04-06 PL PL07731891T patent/PL2015861T3/pl unknown
- 2007-04-06 EP EP07731891A patent/EP2015861B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-04-06 CA CA002648397A patent/CA2648397A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-04-06 JP JP2009504795A patent/JP5357007B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-06 CN CNA2007800122308A patent/CN101415481A/zh active Pending
- 2007-04-06 AT AT07731891T patent/ATE534453T1/de active
- 2007-04-06 ES ES07731891T patent/ES2377547T3/es active Active
- 2007-04-06 US US12/295,900 patent/US20090163354A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-04-06 EA EA200870417A patent/EA200870417A1/ru unknown
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JP2010540248A (ja) * | 2007-10-08 | 2010-12-24 | サン−ゴバン サントル ドゥ ルシェルシェ エ デトゥーデ ユーロペン | 電気化学的触媒システムを組み込んだ、組織化された精製用構造物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007116194A1 (fr) | 2007-10-18 |
EP2015861B1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 |
CN101415481A (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
JP5357007B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2015861A1 (fr) | 2009-01-21 |
ES2377547T3 (es) | 2012-03-28 |
US20090163354A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
FR2899493A1 (fr) | 2007-10-12 |
ZA200808045B (en) | 2009-11-25 |
KR20090028689A (ko) | 2009-03-19 |
FR2899493B1 (fr) | 2008-05-23 |
CA2648397A1 (fr) | 2007-10-18 |
EA200870417A1 (ru) | 2009-04-28 |
ATE534453T1 (de) | 2011-12-15 |
PL2015861T3 (pl) | 2012-07-31 |
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