JP2009501220A - 鉱物被包性ナノ細菌の不活性化 - Google Patents
鉱物被包性ナノ細菌の不活性化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009501220A JP2009501220A JP2008521383A JP2008521383A JP2009501220A JP 2009501220 A JP2009501220 A JP 2009501220A JP 2008521383 A JP2008521383 A JP 2008521383A JP 2008521383 A JP2008521383 A JP 2008521383A JP 2009501220 A JP2009501220 A JP 2009501220A
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- acid
- various
- nanobacteria
- inactivating
- agent
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- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
- A61L2/186—Peroxide solutions
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
不活性化剤、
を含んでなるナノ細菌不活性化組成物。
不活性化剤、および
任意に、前段落で説明したような分散剤、
を含んでなるナノ細菌不活性化組成物。
ナノ細菌は、一般に、閉塞または被包された細胞壁または膜あるいはむしろ無機殻などのごとき保護被膜を有するナノサイズの生物である。電子顕微鏡法によって測定した場合のナノ細菌の大きさは、直径が一般に約500ナノメーター未満、多くの場合約0.5〜約300または約20〜約200ナノメーターである。このように、ナノ細菌の平均的な大きさは、一般に、典型的な細菌の約1/100といったようにはるかに小さい。ナノ細菌はごく最近発見されたばかりであり、生物の正確な種類は十分に分かってはいないが、そのような種の1つはN.sanguineunであると考えられている。
十分に分かってはいないが、ナノ細菌は以下のように複製および拡散する。ナノ細菌が表面に付着し、成長し、保護層によって一般に繋がっているナノ細菌のコロニーを含んでなる塊またはマトリックスの形成を繰り返す。成長し続けるにつれて、前記塊またはマトリックスの一部が切れて、他の表面と結合することがある。そのような生物成長は、様々な品物およびそれらの表面で容易に起こり得る。ナノ細菌は、典型的な細菌よりもずっと遅い速度で成長すると思われる。
前記1種以上の分散剤としては、一般に、各種ポリマー、またはアニオン性湿潤剤、非イオン性湿潤剤、カチオン性湿潤剤および両性湿潤剤、あるいはこれらの組み合わせなどの湿潤剤のごとき各種界面活性剤が挙げられる。
アニオン性湿潤剤のごときアニオン界面活性剤としては、一般に、各種硫酸エーテル、各種有機硫酸非ナトリウム、各種有機リン酸塩、各種スルホ酢酸塩、各種金属(非脂肪族)アリール有機スルホン酸塩および各種金属(非アリール)脂肪族有機スルホン酸塩、各種アミンスルホン酸塩などの各種スルホン酸塩、および各種有機スルホン酸、およびスルホコハク酸塩、またはそれらの塩が挙げられる。
総炭素数が約8〜40である脂肪族基および/または芳香族基またはその両方を含有する有機硫酸非ナトリウムの例としては、ラウリル硫酸カリウム、デシル硫酸カリウム、オクチルフェノールエトキシ化硫酸カリウム、ノニルフェノールエトキシ化硫酸カリウム、ノニルフェノールエトキシ化硫酸アンモニウム、2−エチル−ヘキシル硫酸カリウム、オクチル硫酸カリウム、ラウリル硫酸アンモニウム、ラウレス硫酸アンモニウム、ラウレス硫酸カリウム、ラウリル硫酸マグネシウム、ラウリル硫酸テトラエチルアンモニウム、有機硫酸アミンおよびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
総炭素数が約8〜20である脂肪族基および/または芳香族基またはその両方を含有するスルホ酢酸塩アニオン界面活性剤の例としては、ラウリルスルホ酢酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。
総炭素数が約8〜約40であるアニオン性スルホコハク酸塩湿潤剤の例としては、アルキルエーテルスルホコハク酸二ナトリウム、オレアミドMIPAスルホコハク酸二ナトリウム、ラウレススルホコハク酸二ナトリウム、およびジオクチルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
非イオン界面活性剤湿潤剤としては、各種アルコキシレート、各種アミド、各種エステル、各種エトキシレート、各種トリグリセリドなどが挙げられる。そのような有機湿潤剤の総炭素数は、一般に約1または約5〜約20または約50である。ただし、炭素数がそれよりもかなり大きいポリマーは除外する。さらに、他の非イオン界面活性剤も、他の湿潤剤、各種溶解剤および各種不活性化剤のごとき他の成分との相溶性がある限り、一般に使用することができる。
脂肪族基または芳香族基またはその両方を含有する各種アミド非イオン性湿潤剤の例としては、各種脂肪酸アルカノールアミド、各種改質脂肪酸アルカノールアミド、各種モノエタノールアミドおよびジメタノールアミド、オレイルジエタノールアミド、ラウリルジエタノールアミド、ヤシジエタノールアミド、ココヤシジエタノールアミド、ラウルアミドDEA、脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド、PEG−6コカミド、ラウルアミドMEA、コカミドDEA、ココヤシモノエタノールアミド、PEG−6ラウルアミド、ココヤシモノイソプロパノールアミド、コカミドMIPA、コカミドMEA、またはそれらの塩およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
脂肪族基または芳香族基またはその両方を含有する各種トリグリセリド非イオン性湿潤剤としては、カプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、カプリル酸トリグリセリド、トリカプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリドエステル、硬化植物油、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
本発明のカチオン性第4化合物のいずれかが使用される場合、一般にアニオン性湿潤剤の使用は避けられる。その理由は、前記アニオン性湿潤剤は前記カチオン性第4化合物と相互作用し、沈殿が生じて、その沈殿が両方の湿潤剤の活性を打ち消してしまうことが多いからである。
前記1種以上の分散剤が使用される場合、その総量は、前記ナノ細菌不活性化組成物の1,000,000重量部当たり、一般に約100〜約100,000または約50,000または約10,000重量部、望ましくは約500〜約5,000重量部である。
各種ポリホスホン酸塩のごとき3種以上のホスホン酸基を含有する化合物を使用することができる。その例としては、Dequest(登録商標)、Unihib(登録商標)、Mayoquest(登録商標)およびBriquest(登録商標)として市販されているATMP、ホスホン酸DETA、ホスホン酸BHMT、ホスホン酸EDT、ヘキサメチレンジアミンテトラ(メチレンホスホン酸)、ホスホン酸HMDTまたはそれらの部分塩およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。ジスホスホン酸塩は、一般的には効果的な溶解剤ではないので一般に使用されることはなく、そのため本発明の組成物には含有されない。すなわち、もし使用されるのであれば、前記ナノ細菌不活性化組成物の1,000,000重量部当たり、例えば1,000重量部以下、望ましくは750重量部以下または500重量部以下といった非常に少ない量で存在する。
溶解剤のさらにもう1種として、アミラーゼ、リパーゼのごときプロテアーゼなどの各種酵素、各種リン酸塩、または他の消化酵素、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
一般に、3〜約5つ以上のカルボキシル基を有しおよび任意に1つ以上のヒドロキシル基を含有しおよび/または任意に1つ以上〜約5つの窒素原子を含有する有機酸は、溶解剤としての使用は避けられる。従って、カルボン酸基数が3〜約5であるヒドロキシル含有有機酸などは使用されず、もし使用されるのであれば、前記ナノ細菌不活性化組成物の1,000,000重量部当たり、例えば1,000重量部以下、望ましくは750重量部以下、好ましくは500重量部以下といった非常に少ない量でのみ使用される。
前記1種以上の異なる種類の溶解剤とともに、ナノ細菌を、本発明の組成物の使用前または使用後に各種物理的処理に付すことができる。そのような処理としては、約110〜約140℃の温度で約3〜約30分間オートクレーブで処理すること、波長が約100〜約3,900°Aの約1〜約1,000ワットの紫外線を約1時間〜約1または2日間照射することが挙げられる。約45〜約90℃の温度で約2〜約30分間加熱することもできる。他の処理としては、ナノ細菌が入った液体の超音波処理が挙げられる。
前記1種以上の不活性化剤は、ナノ細菌を不活性化、例えば、殺菌、滅菌、消毒または一般に無害にするために使用される。一般に、細菌は、一旦露出させてしまえば不活性化させることができる。露出は、ナノ細菌の保護層が、1種以上の分散剤および/または溶解剤によって少なくとも部分的に破壊、溶解または除去された場合に生じる。
強塩基も使用することができる。その例としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、炭酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。前記強塩基のpHは、約9以上、望ましくは少なくとも約12以上である。
別の種類の好適な不活性化剤としては、ホルムアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、オルト−フタルデヒドのごとき各種アルデヒド、ヘキサメチレンテトラミンのごときホルムアルデヒド放出剤、トリアジン、イミダゾール、ヒダントインおよびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
アルキル化剤としては、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシドなどが挙げられる。
重要な種類の不活性化剤としては、各種過酸素および他の形態の酸素が挙げられる。その例としては、過酢酸、過クロム酸、過硫酸、過安息香酸のごとき過酸、過酸化水素のごとき有機または無機過酸化物、過炭酸、過マンガン酸塩、過ラウリン酸、過グルタル酸、ペルオキシフタル酸マグネシウム、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。過酸化水素の使用は任意であるため、使用しなくてもよい。
さらに他の不活性化剤としては、各種精油消毒配合物が挙げられる。前記配合物は、タイム油、オレガノ油、オレンジ油、レモン油、ティーツリー油、α−テルピネオールのごとき松根油の各種成分、各種脂肪族化合物、芳香族化合物のごとき総炭素数が約6〜約20である非極性炭化水素、またはそれらの組み合わせを含んでなる。具体的な例としては、ヘキサン、オクタン、デカン、ベンジン、トルエン、キシレン等、メチレンビスチオシアネート、DBNPA、ピリジン、チアゾール、イミダゾール、キノリン、アニリドのごとき各種窒素化合物、各種ニトロ化合物、ココトリメチレンジアミン、ドセシルモルホリン−N−オキシド、およびビグアニドおよびイオネンのごときポリマーが挙げられる。
前記各種不活性化剤は、液体、蒸気、気体またはそれらの組み合わせのいずれの形態にあってもよいが、一般的には液体が望ましい。
前記1種以上の不活性化剤の量は、様々な要因、例えば、ナノ細菌の量および濃度、不活性化剤の強度および効果、処理の物理相、処理のpH、配合物中の他の成分の存在などによって決まる。
前記各種不活性化剤および各種分散剤および/または溶解剤が好適な量で使用されることによって、各種品物を処理するのに使用される前記ナノ細菌不活性化組成物が、一般に少なくとも4、すなわち消毒、望ましくは少なくとも6、すなわち滅菌、好ましくは少なくとも7のナノ細菌ログリダクションを達成できる。一般に好適な量とは、前記ナノ細菌溶解組成物の約5〜約100,000または50,000または10,000重量部、望ましくは約200〜約1,000重量部の範囲である。
5〜7.5%の塩酸(硫酸でもよい)(不活性化剤)
0.25〜0.75%の重フッ化アンモニウム(シリカが存在する場合にシリカを除去するのに使用)
0.2〜0.3%のチオ尿素またはプロパルギルアルコール(腐食防止剤)
0.03%のアルキルアリールポリエトキシアルコールのごとき非イオン性湿潤剤(分散剤)
提案配合物2
3〜10%の過酢酸(不活性化剤)
0〜10%のノニルフェノールエトキシレートのごとき非イオン界面活性剤(分散剤)
1〜10%のチオ尿素(腐食防止剤)
提案配合物3
3〜10%の過酢酸(不活性化剤)
2%のポリマレイン酸(分散剤)
提案配合物4
10%のホスホン酸DETA(溶解剤)
5%のBelsperse164(分散剤)
5%のポリマレイン酸(分散剤)
0.1〜10%の二酸化塩素(不活性化剤)
特許法に従って、最良の形態および好ましい実施態様を説明してきたが、本発明の範囲はそれらに限定されるものではなく、むしろ添付の請求の範囲によって限定されるものである。
Claims (5)
- 親水性ポリマー分散剤、または、有機硫酸ナトリウムおよび脂肪族−アリールスルホン酸ナトリウムを含有しないアニオン性湿潤剤、非イオン性湿潤剤、塩化第4級脂肪族−アリールアンモニウムを含有しないカチオン性湿潤剤、両性湿潤剤、またはそれらの組み合わせを含んでなる分散剤、および
不活性化剤
を含んでなるナノ細菌不活性化組成物。 - 少なくとも1種のカルボン酸基を有し且つ総炭素数が2〜約20である無窒素有機酸、リン酸含有化合物、スルホン化ポリリン酸化合物、3種以上のホスホン酸基を有するポリホスホン酸塩、酵素、またはそれらの塩、またはそれらの組み合わせを含んでなる溶解剤であって、3〜約5種のカルボン酸基を有する有機酸を含有しない溶解剤、および
不活性化剤
を含んでなるナノ細菌不活性化組成物。 - 親水性ポリマー分散剤、または、有機硫酸ナトリウムおよび脂肪族−アリールスルホン酸ナトリウムを含有しないアニオン性湿潤剤、非イオン性湿潤剤、塩化第4級脂肪族−アリールアンモニウムを含有しないカチオン性湿潤剤、両性湿潤剤、またはそれらの組み合わせを含んでなる分散剤を含んでなる、請求項2に記載のナノ細菌不活性化組成物。
- 非イオン性分散剤および炭素数が1〜約20である消毒アルコール、または、
前記消毒アルコールおよびナノ細菌不活性化剤
を含んでなる、ナノ細菌不活性化組成物。 - 前記消毒アルコールの炭素数は約5である、請求項4に記載のナノ細菌不活性化組成物。
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PCT/US2006/020268 WO2007145608A2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-05-25 | Deactivation of mineral encapsulated nanobacteria |
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AU2006341532A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
WO2007145608A2 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
AU2006341532A8 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
TW200709819A (en) | 2007-03-16 |
MX2007014801A (es) | 2009-02-19 |
AU2006341532B2 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
KR20080016864A (ko) | 2008-02-22 |
EP1917043A2 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
US20060270571A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
CN101662938A (zh) | 2010-03-03 |
US20090130739A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
CA2610125A1 (en) | 2006-11-26 |
WO2007145608A3 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
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