JP2009167348A - メロシアニン色素及び光電変換素子 - Google Patents
メロシアニン色素及び光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009167348A JP2009167348A JP2008009436A JP2008009436A JP2009167348A JP 2009167348 A JP2009167348 A JP 2009167348A JP 2008009436 A JP2008009436 A JP 2008009436A JP 2008009436 A JP2008009436 A JP 2008009436A JP 2009167348 A JP2009167348 A JP 2009167348A
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- photoelectric conversion
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 111
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
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- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000656 azaniumyl group Chemical group [H][N+]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005328 phosphinyl group Chemical group [PH2](=O)* 0.000 description 4
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- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004466 alkoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006125 ethylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002350 geranyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])/C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006574 non-aromatic ring group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- NOPZJEGEHWRZSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl formate Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC=O NOPZJEGEHWRZSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxathiine Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001844 prenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005030 pyridylthio group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC=C1)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000246 pyrimidin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003236 pyrrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003696 stearoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(dimethyl)silicon Chemical group C[Si](C)C(C)(C)C ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QKTRRACPJVYJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2SN=NC2=C1 QKTRRACPJVYJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003549 thiazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LBMZLLXZMSMJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiepane 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCCCCC1 LBMZLLXZMSMJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YWBFPKPWMSWWEA-UHFFFAOYSA-O triazolopyrimidine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(C=2N=C3N=CN[N+]3=C(NCC=3C=CN=CC=3)C=2)=C1 YWBFPKPWMSWWEA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004961 triphenylmethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C09B23/105—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups two >CH- groups
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Abstract
【解決手段】下記一般式(1)で表されるメロシアニン色素、該色素を含む色素薄膜、一対の電極と、前記一対の電極間に設けられた光電変換層を含む光電変換部を備える光電変換素子の前記光電変換層に該色素を含有する光電変換素子。
一般式(1)
【化1】
(式中、A1は2価の原子団を表し、nは1〜3の整数を表し、A2〜A3はそれぞれ独立に芳香族炭化水素環、または炭素数3〜18のヘテロ環を表す。R11、R12は水素原子または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数3〜18のヘテロ環を表す。)
【選択図】 なし
Description
一般式(1)
(2) 下記一般式(2)で表されることを特徴とする(1)に記載のメロシアニン色素。
一般式(2)
(3) 下記一般式(3)で表されることを特徴とする(2)に記載のメロシアニン色素。
一般式(3)
(4) 染料または顔料であることを特徴とする(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載のメロシアニン色素。
(5) (1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のメロシアニン色素を含む色素薄膜。
(6) 一対の電極と、前記一対の電極間に設けられた光電変換層を含む光電変換部を備える光電変換素子であって、前記光電変換層に含まれる有機色素が蛍光の量子収率が10%以上であるメロシアニン色素であることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
(7) 一対の電極と、前記一対の電極間に設けられた光電変換層を含む光電変換部を備える光電変換素子であって、前記光電変換層に含まれる有機色素が(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のメロシアニン色素であることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
(8) さらに電荷輸送層を含むことを特徴とする(6)または(7)に記載の光電変換素子。
(9) 前記光電変換素子の電極間に、電子ブロッキング層を含んでなることを特徴とする(6)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子。
(10) 前記一対の電極がTCOを含んでなることを特徴とする(6)〜(9)のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子。
(11) 前記TCOがITOであることを特徴とする(10)に記載の光電変換素子。
(12) (6)〜(11)のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子に電圧を印加して光信号を読み出す方法。
(13) 有機材料層を真空加熱蒸着により作製したことを特徴とする(6)〜(11)のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。
されていても良い。そのような置換基の例としては、−CONHSO2−基(スルホニル
カルバモイル基、カルボニルスルファモイル基)、−CONHCO−基(カルボニルカル
バモイル基)、または−SO2NHSO2−基(スルフオニルスルフアモイル基)、が挙げられる。より具体的には、アルキルカルボニルアミノスルホニル基(例えば、アセチルアミノスルホニル)、アリールカルボニルアミノスルホニル基(例えば、ベンゾイルアミノスルホニル基)、アルキルスルホニルアミノカルボニル基(例えば、メチルスルホニルアミノカルボニル)、またはアリールスルホニルアミノカルボニル基(例えば、p−メチルフェニルスルホニルアミノカルボニル)が挙げられる。
高分子分散剤としては、具体的には、ポリビニルピロリドン、ボリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルメチルエーテルポリエチレンオキシド、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ボリアクリルアミド、ビニルアルコールー酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリビニルアルコールー部分ホルマール化物、ポリビニルアルコールー部分ブチラール化物、ビニルピロリドンー酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリエチレンオキシド/プロピレンオキシドブロック共重合体、ポリアクリル酸塩、ポリビニル硫酸塩、ポリ(4−ビニルピリジン)塩、ポリアミド、ポリアリルアミン塩、縮合ナフタレンスルホン酸塩、セルロース誘導体、澱粉誘導体などが挙げられる。その他、アルギン酸塩、ゼラチン、アルブミン、カゼイン、アラビアゴム、トンガントゴム、リグニンスルホン酸塩などの天然高分子類も使用できる。なかでも、ボリビニルピロリドンが好ましい。これら高分子は、1種単独であるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらの分散剤は、単独あるいは併用して使用することができる。顔料の分散に用いる分散剤に関しては、「顔料分散安定化と表面処理技術・評価」(化学情報協会、2001年12月発行)の29〜46頁に詳しく記載されている。
図1に示す光電変換素子は、下部電極11と、下部電極11に対向する上部電極13と、下部電極11と上部電極13との間に設けられた光電変換部12を少なくとも備える。
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、勿論、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
中間体1 2.0gとN,N'-ジフェニルホルムアミジン2.2gにアセトニトリル40mlを加え5時間加熱還流した。室温まで冷却後濾過することにより中間体2 2.4gが得られた。
サンプルのクロロホルム溶液を調製し、吸収極大波長における吸光度が0.15となるように希釈した。この溶液を蛍光分光測定装置を用いて、吸収極大波長を励起波長とし、吸収極大波長から長波側に得られる発光スペクトルを測定し、その発光バンドの面積を比較化合物1の発光強度に対する相対値として求め、Journal of chemical and engineering data 22(1977)379より比較化合物1の蛍光量子収率が0.006であったことから、各々のメロシアニン色素の蛍光量子収率を求めた。
得られた素子について、光電変換効率(IPCE)測定装置を用いて暗時及び可視光を照射した時の電流特性を4.5×105V/cmの電界を印加して測定した。明時において照射光の波長を変化させることで光電変換スペクトルが得られる。また、上記素子に対して、5Vの電圧を印加し、発光ダイオードを用いて瞬間的に光照射を開始し、素子から発生する信号をオシロスコープを用いて観測した。100ms以降の電流を定常電流とみなし、定常電流の99%に達するまでに必要な時間を求めた。結果を応答時間と称する。
表1
12 光電変換層
13 上部電極
Claims (13)
- 染料または顔料であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のメロシアニン色素。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のメロシアニン色素を含む色素薄膜。
- 一対の電極と、前記一対の電極間に設けられた光電変換層を含む光電変換部を備える光電変換素子であって、前記光電変換層に含まれる有機色素の蛍光量子収率が10%以上であるメロシアニン色素であることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
- 一対の電極と、前記一対の電極間に設けられた光電変換層を含む光電変換部を備える光電変換素子であって、前記光電変換層に含まれる有機色素が請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のメロシアニン色素であることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
- さらに電荷輸送層を含むことを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記光電変換素子の電極間に、電子ブロッキング層を含んでなることを特徴とする請求項6〜8のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記一対の電極がTCOを含んでなることを特徴とする請求項6〜9のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記TCOがITOであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の光電変換素子。
- 請求項6〜11のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子に電圧を印加して光信号を読み出す方法。
- 有機材料層を真空加熱蒸着により作製したことを特徴とする請求6〜11のいずれかに記載の光電変換素子の製造方法。
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