JP2009154121A - マンノシルエリスリトールリピッドを用いたベシクル、乳化組成物及びその利用 - Google Patents
マンノシルエリスリトールリピッドを用いたベシクル、乳化組成物及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009154121A JP2009154121A JP2007337183A JP2007337183A JP2009154121A JP 2009154121 A JP2009154121 A JP 2009154121A JP 2007337183 A JP2007337183 A JP 2007337183A JP 2007337183 A JP2007337183 A JP 2007337183A JP 2009154121 A JP2009154121 A JP 2009154121A
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- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】1−O−β−D−マンノピラノシル−meso−エリスリトール構造を有するMELを用いることにより、ベシクル及び乳化組成物を調製できる。
【選択図】図1
Description
(2)上記一般式(1)中、置換基R2のいずれか一方がアセチル基であり、他方が水素である(1)に記載のベシクル。
(5)上記一般式(1)中、置換基R2のいずれか一方がアセチル基であり、他方が水素である(4)に記載の乳化組成物。
本発明に係るMELの理解の一助とすべく、まず従来型MELについて概説する。
本発明に係るMELの製造は、特願2007−303164号公報(本願出願時において未公開)に従って製造し、1−O−MELの生産能を有する微生物を用いることが特徴である。具体的には、例えば、シュードザイマ(Pseudozyma)属に属し、かつマンノシルエリスリトールリピッドを生産する能力を有する微生物を培養し、上記一般式(1)で表される構造を有するマンノシルエリスリトールリピッドを製造するMELの製造方法である。なお、本MELの製造方法を説明する記載においては、上記一般式(1)中、置換基R1は同一でも異なっていてもよく炭素数4〜24の脂肪族アシル基であり、置換基R2は同一でも異なっていてもよく水素又はアセチル基を表す。また、置換基R3は水素又は炭素数2〜24の脂肪族アシル基を表す。
本発明に係るMELの製造に使用可能な微生物としては、上記シュードザイマ属に属し、MELを生産する能力を有するもののうち、上記式(1)で表されるMEL光学異性体を生産するものであれば特に限定されるものではない。
培地は、例えば、一般的な微生物又は酵母に対して一般に用いられる培地を使用でき、特に限定されるものではなく、特に酵母に用いられる培地が好ましい。このような培地としては、例えば、YPD培地(イーストイクストラクト10g、ポリペプトン20g、及びグルコース100g)を挙げることができる。特に、シュードザイマ・ツクバエンシスJCM 10324株を用いる場合は、培養温度を27℃〜33℃に設定することが好ましいという知見を得ている。上述のとおり、MELの生産性が著しく向上するためである。
・酵母エキス;0.1〜2g/Lが好ましく、1g/Lが特に好ましい。
・硝酸ナトリウム;0.1〜1g/Lが好ましく、0.3g/Lが特に好ましい。
・リン酸2水素カリウム;0.1〜1g/Lが好ましく、0.3g/Lが特に好ましい。
・硫酸マグネシウム;0.1〜1g/Lが好ましく、0.3g/Lが特に好ましい。
・油脂類;40g/L以上が好ましく、80g/Lが特に好ましい。
a)種培養;グルコース40g/L、酵母エキス1g/L、硝酸ナトリウム0.3g/L、リン酸2水素カリウム0.3g/L、及び硫酸マグネシウム0.3g/Lの組成の液体培地5mLが入った試験管に1白金耳接種し、30℃で1日間振とう培養を行う。
b)本培養;所定量の植物性油脂等の油脂類と、酵母エキス1g/L、硝酸ナトリウム0.3g/L、リン酸2水素カリウム0.3g/L、及び硫酸マグネシウム0.3g/Lの組成の液体培地100mLの入った坂口フラスコにa)の培養液を接種して、30℃で2日間培養を行う。
c)マンノシルエリスリトールリピッド生産培養;所定量の植物性油脂等の油脂類と酵母エキス1g/L、硝酸ナトリウム0.3g/L、リン酸2水素カリウム0.3g/L、及び硫酸マグネシウム0.3g/Lの組成の液体培地1.4Lが入ったジャーファメンターに接種して、30℃で800rpmの撹拌速度で培養を行う。この培養においては、培養途中から植物性油脂を培養容器中に流下させて、培地中の油脂類濃度を20〜200g/Lに保持することが好ましい。
MELの回収についても従来公知の脂質の精製方法を用いることができ、特に限定されるものではない。例えば、培養終了後、当容積〜4容積倍の酢酸エチルで脂質成分を抽出し、酢酸エチルを、エバポレーターを用いて留去して脂質及び糖脂質成分を回収する工程を挙げることができる。その後、この脂質成分を等量のクロロホルムに溶解し、これをシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーにかけ、クロロホルム、クロロホルム:アセトン(80:20)、同(70:30)、同(60:40)、同(50:50)、同(30:70)、アセトンの順で溶出させる。各溶液を薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)プレートにチャージし、クロロホルム:メタノール:アンモニア水=65:15:2(容積比)で展開する。展開終了後、アンスロン硫酸試薬で糖脂質の存在を確認する。糖脂質の含まれる溶出液を集め、溶媒を留去して糖脂質成分を得ることができる。
次に、本発明におけるベシクルについて説明する。一般に、ベシクルとは、脂質や界面活性剤が二分子膜状に自己集合してカプセル構造を構築したものであり、親水部と疎水部のバランスがつりあう、主に疎水部に炭化水素鎖を二つ有するような二鎖型の界面活性剤によって形成される。本発明に係るMELは、上記一般式(1)において、R1とR3のうち、少なくとも2ヶ所にアシル基が結合しているため、効率的にベシクルを形成することができる。
次に、本発明における乳化組成物について説明する。
まず、特願2007−303164号公報の実施例2に従い、シュードザイマ・ツクバエンシスに属する微生物によって生産・精製された所定量のMEL−B(上記一般式(1)において、R1は炭素数8〜14の脂肪族アシル基であり、R3は水素である。なお、油脂原としてオリーブ油を用いた。)0.05gと水を、試験管に測りとり、25℃〜70℃の間でサンプルを昇降温させながら、ボルテックスミキサーで撹拌することによって、種々の濃度のMEL−B水溶液を得た。その目視観察結果を図1に示した。図1より、MEL−B水溶液濃度が60wt%以下の場合、二相領域であったが、それ以上の場合、一相領域となった。この二相領域の上相は水相である。
次に、上記のラメラ液晶形成領域を、示差走査熱量計(セイコー社製、DSC6200)測定によって検討した結果を図4に示す。なお測定は、アルミニウムパンに20mgのサンプルを封入し、1℃/minの昇温速度にて行った。図4より、MEL−B水溶液濃度が80wt%までは、ラメラ液晶の融解に起因する吸熱ピークは観測されなかったものの、MEL−B水溶液濃度が80wt%以上では、ラメラ液晶の融解に起因する吸熱ピークが認められた。
二分子膜構造を有するカプセルであるベシクルは、通常、ラメラ液晶と水相が共存する場合に、ラメラ液晶が水中に分散した際に生じる。従って、図5より、ラメラ液晶と水相が共存する領域において、ボルテックスミキサーで外力を付与することによって、ベシクルの調製を試みたところ、10wt%以下の濃度において、ベシクルの形成が確認された。
次に、デカン(和光純薬社製)を油相として、MEL−B/水/デカン系の相状態についても検討した。なお、サンプルの調製については、実施例1と同様である。その結果を図7に示す。
図7のMEL−B/水/デカン系の相平衡図より、ラメラ液晶と水又は油が共存する二相領域が得られている。このような領域においては、リオトロピック液晶中に水又は油を分散する液晶乳化を実施することが可能である。そこで、(1)MEL−B/水/デカン=45/45/10及び(2)MEL−B/水/デカン=45/10/45の組成を用いて、温度を70℃に上昇させた後、ボルテックスミキサーで10分間撹拌して、液晶乳化を試みた。その結果、図8に示すように、(1)、(2)のいずれの組成においてもエマルションを得ることができた。なお、このエマルションは少なくとも1ヶ月以上は安定であった。
Claims (9)
- 下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有するマンノシルエリスリトールリピッドを含むことを特徴とするベシクル。
- 上記一般式(1)中、置換基R2のいずれか一方がアセチル基であり、他方が水素であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のベシクル。
- 上記一般式(1)中、置換基R3が炭素数2〜24の脂肪族アシル基であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のベシクル。
- 下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有するマンノシルエリスリトールリピッドを含むことを特徴とする乳化組成物。
- 上記一般式(1)中、置換基R2のいずれか一方がアセチル基であり、他方が水素であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の乳化組成物。
- 上記一般式(1)中、置換基R3が炭素数2〜24の脂肪族アシル基であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の乳化組成物。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のベシクル又は乳化組成物を含むことを特徴とする化粧料。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のベシクル又は乳化組成物を含むことを特徴とする食品。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のベシクル又は乳化組成物を含むことを特徴とする医薬品。
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