JP2009067062A - 押出機 - Google Patents
押出機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009067062A JP2009067062A JP2008333852A JP2008333852A JP2009067062A JP 2009067062 A JP2009067062 A JP 2009067062A JP 2008333852 A JP2008333852 A JP 2008333852A JP 2008333852 A JP2008333852 A JP 2008333852A JP 2009067062 A JP2009067062 A JP 2009067062A
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- Prior art keywords
- screw
- screws
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/625—Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/27—Cleaning; Purging; Avoiding contamination
- B29C48/2715—Cleaning; Purging; Avoiding contamination of plasticising units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/41—Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/535—Screws with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/425—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
- B29C48/43—Ring extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】スクリューと、駆動装置と、バレルとを備え、同一の直径及び谷径を有する波形形状にてなる4本のスクリューを、互いの軸芯間寸法を同一にして、互いに噛み合わせて、互いに平行にて、水平又はほぼ水平に配列する。このような構成によれば、従来の押出機と同一の処理量を、従来に比べて小径にてなるスクリューにて処理することができる。従来に比べて小径にてなるスクリューを用いることで、スクリュー溝内における押出用材料の温度ムラ、スクリューからの押出用材料の漏洩、押出機の設置面積、等の従来の種々の問題を解消することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
全ての上記スクリューを同速で同方向へ回転させる駆動装置と、
全ての上記スクリューが回転可能に挿入され、上記駆動装置による上記スクリューの回転によりスクリューの溝に存在する押出用材料を混練して隣接するスクリューの溝へ移送するスクリュー装填部を有するバレルと、
を備え、
上記スクリュー装填部に挿入される全ての上記スクリューにおいて、隣接する全ての上記スクリューでは、噛み合う一方のスクリューの上記溝と他方のスクリューの山との隙間を一定にして、かつ該隙間、及び上記スクリューの山と上記バレルの内面との間隙について、上記押出用材料の漏洩を減少させる狭さとして上記スクリュー同士を機密に噛み合わせて配置し、
上記スクリューの同方向への回転により上記押出用材料は、全ての上記スクリューの上記溝を通り上記バレルの上記内面に沿って移送される、ことを特徴とする。
101 スクリュー
102 バレル
103 駆動装置
105 成形部
111 直径
112 谷径
114 溝
120 スクリュー充填部
131 押出用材料
Claims (2)
- それぞれ同一の直径及び谷径を有する波形形状にてなる3本以上のスクリューであって、互いの軸芯間寸法を同一にして、互いに噛み合わせて、互いに平行にて、水平又はほぼ水平に配列されるスクリューと、
1台のモータと、上記1台のモータの駆動力を上記それぞれのスクリューに伝達可能に上記1台のモータおよび上記それぞれのスクリューに接続された減速機とを備え、上記スクリューを回転させる駆動装置と、
全ての上記スクリューが回転可能に挿入され、上記駆動装置による上記スクリューの回転によりスクリューの溝に存在する押出用材料を混練して隣接するスクリューの溝へ移送するスクリュー装填部を有するバレルと、
を備え、
上記スクリュー装填部に挿入される全ての上記スクリューにおいて、隣接する全ての上記スクリューでは、噛み合う一方のスクリューの上記溝と他方のスクリューの山との隙間を一定にして、かつ該隙間、及び上記スクリューの山と上記バレルの内面との間隙について、上記押出用材料の漏洩を減少させる狭さとして上記スクリュー同士を機密に噛み合わせて配置し、
上記減速機は、上記1台のモータに接続された入力ギヤと、上記それぞれのスクリューに個別に接続された3つ以上のスクリュー駆動用ギヤと、上記入力ギヤおよび上記それぞれのスクリュー駆動用ギヤを連結するアイドルギヤとを備えて、上記それぞれのスクリューを同速で同方向に回転させるように、上記それぞれのスクリューを駆動するギヤの減速比を上記各スクリューにおいて同一とし、
上記スクリューの同方向への回転により上記押出用材料は、上記スクリューの軸方向に対して交差する方向へ上記バレルの内面に沿って、上記噛み合う一方のスクリューの溝から上記他方のスクリューの溝へと移送されて、全ての上記スクリューの溝を通り上記バレルの内面に沿って移送されることを特徴とする、押出機。 - 上記スクリュー装填部は、上記スクリューの上記溝に存在する上記押出用材料を隣接するスクリューの溝へ移送するとき、上記押出用材料の移動方向を切り替えし上記押出用材料の混練性を向上させる切り替えし部分を有し、上記スクリューの同方向への回転により上記押出用材料は、上記スクリュー装填部に備わる全ての上記切り替えし部分を通過して上記バレルの上記内面に沿って移送される、請求項1記載の押出機。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008333852A JP5031723B2 (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2008-12-26 | 押出機 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001366879 | 2001-11-30 | ||
JP2001366879 | 2001-11-30 | ||
JP2008333852A JP5031723B2 (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2008-12-26 | 押出機 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003547145A Division JPWO2003045664A1 (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2002-11-29 | 押出機 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009067062A true JP2009067062A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
JP5031723B2 JP5031723B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
Family
ID=19176716
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003547145A Pending JPWO2003045664A1 (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2002-11-29 | 押出機 |
JP2008333852A Expired - Lifetime JP5031723B2 (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2008-12-26 | 押出機 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003547145A Pending JPWO2003045664A1 (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2002-11-29 | 押出機 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7097442B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1462235B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPWO2003045664A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003045664A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014531995A (ja) * | 2011-09-28 | 2014-12-04 | ランクセス・ドイチュランド・ゲーエムベーハー | 揮発性成分をポリマー含有媒体から除去する方法、およびこの目的のための揮発成分除去装置 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10055772A1 (de) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-29 | Buehler Ag | Ring-Extruder-Einzug |
DE10150006A1 (de) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-04-17 | Buehler Ag | Ringextruder mit teilgekappten Förderelementen im Einzugsbereich |
DE10233214B4 (de) * | 2002-07-22 | 2005-01-27 | 3+Extruder Gmbh | Extruder zum kontinuierlichen Bearbeiten und/oder Verarbeiten von fließfähigen Materialien |
JP5175611B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-15 | 2013-04-03 | 三和化工株式会社 | 多軸押出機 |
CN101889719A (zh) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-24 | 上海亦晨信息科技发展有限公司 | 一种具有独立分段控温的双混合区的挤出机螺杆结构 |
AT512974B1 (de) | 2012-05-23 | 2015-02-15 | Josef A Ing Blach | Mehrwellenextruder |
DE202013001817U1 (de) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-06-04 | Vemag Maschinenbau Gmbh | Anordnung von dichtschließenden Förderschnecken |
ES2623220T3 (es) | 2014-06-04 | 2017-07-10 | Carl Aug. Picard GmbH | Elemento helicoidal y procedimiento para la fabricación aditiva de elementos helicoidales |
WO2019010594A1 (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | 李晓红 | 四螺杆挤条机 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6135775A (ja) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-02-20 | Takehiko Fujisawa | 食品押出成形機 |
JPH029527U (ja) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-01-22 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL67723C (ja) * | 1947-06-25 | 1900-01-01 | ||
BE533182A (ja) * | 1953-11-13 | 1900-01-01 | ||
DE1298885B (de) * | 1961-12-07 | 1969-07-03 | Bau V Industrieanlagen | Foerder- und Mischvorrichtung mit Schnecken |
GB1132898A (en) * | 1965-08-13 | 1968-11-06 | Werner & Pfleiderer | Multi-stage screw treatment device |
US4131371A (en) * | 1977-08-03 | 1978-12-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Co-rotating multiple screw processor |
SU1199625A1 (ru) * | 1984-07-23 | 1985-12-23 | Криворожский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Горнорудный Институт | Двухчерв чный смеситель дл пастообразных материалов |
JPH0673895B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-22 | 1994-09-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 二軸押出機 |
JPH0613174B2 (ja) | 1986-06-05 | 1994-02-23 | 株式会社石中鉄工所 | 混練機 |
GB8804313D0 (en) * | 1988-02-24 | 1988-03-23 | Apv Plc | Improvements in/relating to mixers |
MX171785B (es) * | 1988-11-18 | 1993-11-15 | Buehler Ag Geb | Dispositivo amasador-mezclador y procedimiento para la preparacion de pastas |
JPH0550424A (ja) | 1991-08-27 | 1993-03-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 2軸押出機 |
JPH0729295B2 (ja) | 1992-03-17 | 1995-04-05 | 森山 正夫 | 四軸押出機 |
US5573332A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1996-11-12 | Werner & Pfleiderer Gmbh | Screw element for a screw-like extrusion machine |
JPH08326768A (ja) * | 1995-05-29 | 1996-12-10 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | スプラインおよび多軸押出機の回転エレメント用スプライン |
DE19622582C2 (de) | 1996-02-06 | 1997-11-20 | Blach Josef A | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Bearbeiten von fließfähigen Materialien |
CA2264807A1 (en) | 1996-09-24 | 1998-04-02 | The Dow Chemical Company | Multiple-screw extruder |
IT246782Y1 (it) * | 1999-06-11 | 2002-04-10 | Rossa Giovanni Della | Estrusore compatto a piu' viti parallele |
DE10357578A1 (de) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-07-14 | Bühler AG | Spritzgussanlage und Spritzgussverfahren |
-
2002
- 2002-11-29 US US10/496,976 patent/US7097442B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-29 WO PCT/JP2002/012491 patent/WO2003045664A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-11-29 EP EP02783698A patent/EP1462235B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-29 JP JP2003547145A patent/JPWO2003045664A1/ja active Pending
-
2008
- 2008-12-26 JP JP2008333852A patent/JP5031723B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6135775A (ja) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-02-20 | Takehiko Fujisawa | 食品押出成形機 |
JPH029527U (ja) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-01-22 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014531995A (ja) * | 2011-09-28 | 2014-12-04 | ランクセス・ドイチュランド・ゲーエムベーハー | 揮発性成分をポリマー含有媒体から除去する方法、およびこの目的のための揮発成分除去装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1462235A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
US20050048156A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
JPWO2003045664A1 (ja) | 2005-04-07 |
EP1462235B1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
US7097442B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
JP5031723B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
WO2003045664A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
EP1462235A4 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
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