CN202079749U - 螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机 - Google Patents

螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机 Download PDF

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CN202079749U
CN202079749U CN2011200975056U CN201120097505U CN202079749U CN 202079749 U CN202079749 U CN 202079749U CN 2011200975056 U CN2011200975056 U CN 2011200975056U CN 201120097505 U CN201120097505 U CN 201120097505U CN 202079749 U CN202079749 U CN 202079749U
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王克俭
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/64—Screws with two or more threads
    • B29C48/655—Screws with two or more threads having three or more threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B29B7/489—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/42—Non-identical or non-mirrored screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/565—Screws having projections other than the thread, e.g. pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/585—Screws provided with gears interacting with the flow

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机，主要由加料装置、机筒、螺杆、机头、加热冷却装置、排气口、电机、传动装置组成。三根螺杆呈一字形排列，中间螺杆为阳转子则两侧为阴转子，中间螺杆为阴转子则两侧为阳转子；三根螺杆组合时至少具有一个螺纹啮合段，在该段的阴转子螺棱头数为阳转子的整数倍，阴阳转子的旋转速度与螺棱头数呈反比，可实现差速旋转，运动时不干涉。在螺杆的加料段、熔融段、排气段和计量段的不同区段上可设置为不同导程和断面型线的螺纹段，三根螺杆安装时保证至少具有一个差速旋转的螺纹啮合段外，在不同区段可以是啮合的也可以是不啮合的，以便实现增强混炼、排气效果。

Description

螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机
技术领域
本实用新型螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机，适合物料的输送、塑化、混合、造粒、挤出成型和反应挤出加工，可用于石油、化工、橡胶、塑料、食品、制药、炸药和推进剂等行业。 
背景技术
在石油、化工、橡胶、塑料、制药、食品、炸药和推进剂等工业中经常涉及到对高黏度流体进行混合、剪切及塑化等混炼作用，挤出机和捏合机是实现这些作用的重要装备。三螺杆挤出机在混炼效果及产量方面可明显好于单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机的，且解决传统捏合机占用空间大、效率低和不能连续作业的缺陷，具有很好的发展前景。 
专利CN201079735Y中提供了一种差速双螺杆捏合机，既具有传统捏合设备对高黏度流体的混合、剪切及塑化混炼作用，又具有异向双螺杆挤出机连续挤出的特点。在差速双螺杆捏合机工作过程中，两根螺杆相互啮合。两根螺杆之间存在着啮合区，在啮合区处，螺棱和螺槽间存在速度差，明显增强了混合效果。但该专利中的螺杆沿轴向螺纹结构完全相同，不能适应物料不同加工阶段所需要的不同螺纹结构；该专利规定阳转子螺纹头数为1，形式过于单一；而且该专利只是一种连续的捏合机，不能很好的适用于物料的挤出成型、造粒、混炼等。 
专利200620154843.8在双螺杆挤出机的基础上开发出一字形排列的三螺杆挤出机，三根螺杆平行排列，形成两个捏合区。相对双螺杆挤出机，三螺杆挤出机具有两个啮合区的正位移输送特性，物料与螺杆有更大的接触面积，相当  于两对双螺杆。三螺杆挤出机混合充分、热传递性好、熔融能力大、排气能力优良以及温度控制更好，且具有更低的能耗。 
如果将差速双螺杆捏合机进行结构改进，并且增加一根螺杆，形成两个啮合区，那么无论是从节能，还是制品质量都会有较好效果。 
实用新型内容
为进一步改善混炼性能并提高产量，将一字形排列三螺杆挤出机中螺杆替换为差速型的，形成螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机。 
本实用新型螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机，主要由加料装置、机筒、螺杆、机头、加热冷却装置、排气口、电机、传动装置组成，机筒中有可差速旋转的三根螺杆，呈一字形排列。在工作过程中，三根螺杆相互啮合，形成两个啮合区。 
螺杆分为阴转子和阳转子，螺棱头数多的称为阴转子，螺棱头数少的称为阳转子。机筒中三根螺杆形成两组啮合，有两种组合方式，一是两个阳转子一个阴转子，阴转子在中间，二是两个阴转子一个阳转子，阳转子在中间。三根螺杆组合时至少具有一个螺纹啮合段，在该段的阴转子螺棱头数为阳转子的整数倍，阴阳转子的旋转速度与螺棱头数呈反比，可实现差速旋转。在差速旋转的螺纹啮合段，转子断面型线由若干段曲线依次连接而成，且阴阳转子端面型线相互对应，共轭啮合，差速运动时形成良好的啮合状态，保证不干涉。 
在该差速三螺杆挤出机工作过程中，三根根螺杆相互啮合，形成两个啮合区。在差速旋转的螺纹啮合段，相邻阴阳转子螺旋副在理论上可以是共轭的，正位移输送能力和压力能力很强。在啮合区处，阴转子的螺棱和螺槽与对应的阳转子的螺槽和螺棱之间因螺杆转速不同形成很大的速度差，这样具备剪切和  拉伸等多种作用，因此明显增强混合和塑化效果。而且，阴阳转子相互啮合过程中，相互剥离黏附在螺杆上的物料，具有自清洁能力。 
为了更好的适应物料的加工要求，在螺杆的加料段、熔融段、排气段和计量段的不同区段上可设置为不同导程和端面型线甚至改变螺杆螺棱头数的螺纹段。三根螺杆安装时保证至少具有一个差速旋转的螺纹啮合段外，在不同区段可以是啮合的也可以是不啮合的，以便实现增强混炼、排气效果。例如，为了进一步增强设备的混合能力并实现稳定挤出，可在一定区段增加销钉螺杆段或齿形盘等，但必须保证阴阳转子运动时不干涉；在挤出机排气段机筒上设置排气口，排气口接排气装置，实现水分和其他气体的脱挥，提高制品质量。 
附图说明
图1为螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机的结构示意图 
1-机头，2-机筒，3-加热冷却装置，4-排气口，5-螺杆，6-加料装置，7-安装座，8-联轴器，9-减速箱，10-电机，11-机架。 
图2为两个阳转子一个阴转子的啮合示意图 
图3为两个阴转子一个阳转子的啮合示意图 
图4为图2中啮合螺杆段断面示意图，阳转子头数为1，阴转子头数为4 
图5为图3中啮合螺杆段断面示意图，阳转子头数为1，阴转子头数为4 
图6为啮合螺杆段断面示意图，阳转子头数各为2，阴转子头数为3 
图7为啮合螺杆段断面示意图，阴转子头数各为3，阳转子头数为2 
图8为螺杆混炼段采用销钉螺杆时的具有销钉安装孔的螺杆段断面图 
图9为螺杆混炼段采用啮合盘元件时的侧视图 
图10为螺杆混炼段采用啮合盘元件时的正视图 
具体实施方案
实施案例一 
按照图1设计螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机。图2为图1中三根螺杆采用两个阳转子一个阴转子时的螺杆啮合示意图，中间螺杆为阴转子，两端螺杆为阳转子。图3为图1中的三根螺杆采用两个阴转子一个阳转子时的螺杆啮合示意图，中间螺杆为阳转子，两端螺杆为阴转子。挤出机中三根螺杆5采用图2或图3排列形式。其中，在螺纹啮合区中，阳转子螺棱头数为1，阴转子螺棱头数为4。高转速电机通过减速箱9、联轴器8将扭矩分配给阴阳转子，其速度之比为1/4。螺杆5组装放置在固定于安装座7的料筒2内，料筒2上开有排气口4，通过外装加热冷却装置3调节温度，料筒2、减速箱9和电机直接安装在机架11上。 
从加料口6中加入所要加工的物料，物料经固体输送、压缩熔融之后，由粒料或粉料变为熔融状态。经过排气口4时，物料中的水分和挥发气体经由排气装置排出机筒。螺杆上靠近机头1设置混炼段，采用图8中安置销钉的带孔螺杆形式。螺杆上销钉起到分割料流，增加界面，改变料流方向，使界面再取向，使料流重新排列的作用。通过多次分流、汇合，再取向而实现分布混合，弥补了转子异向旋转分布混合能力不强的缺点。物料经过混炼段后，通过机头1挤出。 
如图4和图5，三根螺杆形成两个啮合区，相当于并列两对双螺杆，能提高混合质量和挤出产量。其中，图4为图2中啮合螺杆段断面示意图；图5为图3中啮合螺杆段断面示意图。相比较而言，图4所示两个阳转子一个阴转子的制造和维修较方便些。 
实施案例二 
类似于实施案例一形成差速三螺杆挤出机。不同处在于螺杆头数不同，形成的啮合差速比不同。其中，图6为啮合螺杆段阳转子头数各为2，阴转子头数为3，，其速比为2/3，两个阳转子分布在一个阴转子两侧；图7为阴转子头数各为3，阳转子头数为2，其速比为3/2，两个阴转子分布在一个阳转子两侧。 
实施案例三 
类似于实施案例一形成差速三螺杆挤出机。不同处在于螺杆在靠近机头1的混炼段，采用图9和图10所示的啮合盘形式。螺杆齿形盘非交错区可以对物料进行分流，增加界面，提供最小的能量输入，有利于分布混合，产生较低的温度；在交错区对物料形成垂直于流动方向的剪切，也有利于分布混合，弥补了分布混合能力不足的缺点。 

Claims (3)

1. 螺杆一字形排列的差速三螺杆挤出机，主要由加料装置、机筒、螺杆、机头、加热冷却装置、排气口、电机、传动装置组成，其特征在于：三根螺杆组合时至少具有一个螺纹啮合段，在该段的阴转子螺棱头数为阳转子的整数倍，阴阳转子的旋转速度与螺棱头数呈反比，可实现差速旋转，运动时不干涉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的差速三螺杆挤出机，其特征在于：三根螺杆呈一字形排列，中间螺杆为阳转子则两侧为阴转子；中间螺杆为阴转子则两侧为阳转子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的差速三螺杆挤出机，其特征在于：在螺杆的加料段、熔融段、排气段和计量段的不同区段上可设置为不同导程和断面型线的螺纹段，三根螺杆安装时保证至少具有一个差速旋转的螺纹啮合段外，在不同区段可以是啮合的也可以是不啮合的。 
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102189664A (zh) * 2011-04-06 2011-09-21 北京化工大学 螺杆一字型排列的差速三螺杆挤出机
CN102275286A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-12-14 北京化工大学 螺杆一字型排列的差速锥形三螺杆挤出机
CN112359431A (zh) * 2020-11-04 2021-02-12 四川省纺织科学研究院 一种三螺杆熔喷纤维纺丝挤出机

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102189664A (zh) * 2011-04-06 2011-09-21 北京化工大学 螺杆一字型排列的差速三螺杆挤出机
CN102275286A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-12-14 北京化工大学 螺杆一字型排列的差速锥形三螺杆挤出机
CN112359431A (zh) * 2020-11-04 2021-02-12 四川省纺织科学研究院 一种三螺杆熔喷纤维纺丝挤出机
CN112359431B (zh) * 2020-11-04 2022-06-21 四川省纺织科学研究院有限公司 一种三螺杆熔喷纤维纺丝挤出机

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