CN202062635U - 差速锥形双螺杆挤出机 - Google Patents

差速锥形双螺杆挤出机 Download PDF

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CN202062635U
CN202062635U CN2011201115201U CN201120111520U CN202062635U CN 202062635 U CN202062635 U CN 202062635U CN 2011201115201 U CN2011201115201 U CN 2011201115201U CN 201120111520 U CN201120111520 U CN 201120111520U CN 202062635 U CN202062635 U CN 202062635U
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王克俭
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/585Screws provided with gears interacting with the flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/42Non-identical or non-mirrored screws

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型差速锥形双螺杆挤出机,主要由机头、加热冷却装置、机筒、排气口、螺杆、加料装置、传动装置、电机组成。两根螺杆为锥形螺杆且螺棱头数不同,分为阴转子和阳转子,其转速比与螺棱头数比呈反比;螺杆组合时至少具有一个螺纹啮合段,在该段的阴转子螺棱头数为阳转子的整数倍,阴阳转子的旋转速度比与螺棱头数比呈反比,可实现差速旋转,运动时不干涉。在螺杆的加料段、熔融段、排气段和计量段的不同区段上可设置为不同导程和断面型线的螺纹段,螺杆安装时保证至少具有一个差速旋转的螺纹啮合段外,在不同区段可以是啮合的也可以是不啮合的,以便实现增强混炼。该挤出机具有良好的混合、塑化、输送能力,适用于加工塑料、橡胶、食品及炸药等多种粒料、粉料甚至块料的加工成型。

Description

差速锥形双螺杆挤出机
技术领域
本实用新型差速锥形双螺杆挤出机,在石油、化工、橡胶、塑料、食品、制药、炸药和推进剂等行业有广泛应用,该挤出机具有良好的混合、塑化、输送和脱挥能力,适用于塑料、橡胶、食品及炸药等多种粒料、粉料甚至块料的混合、造粒、反应加工和挤出成型。 
背景技术
在石油、化工、橡胶、塑料、制药、食品、炸药和推进剂等工业中经常涉及到对高黏度流体进行混合、剪切及塑化等混炼作用,挤出机和捏合机是实现这些作用的重要装备。 
双螺杆挤出机在混炼效果及产量方面可明显好于单螺杆的。双螺杆挤出机有平行双螺杆挤出机和锥形双螺杆挤出机之分。相较前者,后者的螺杆外径的外锥角和螺槽根径的内锥角大小不同。与平行双螺杆挤出机相比,锥形双螺杆的结构特点决定了它不但具有封闭的螺槽腔、物料的强制输送、物料停留时间分布窄、自洁性好,还有如下独特的优点:螺杆尾部直径增大,加料量增大,以提高挤出机挤出产量。螺杆尾部直径增大也增大了螺杆的承载能力,齿轮和轴承使用寿命长,有利于布置止推轴承和齿轮;加料段螺槽容积大,易加入较大体积的松密度粉料,也有利于热传导,更易实现对物料加热或冷却;排料段螺杆直径小,圆周速度较小,产生的剪切较低,摩擦热也较小,热损伤的危险性小;螺槽容积沿挤出方向逐渐减小,物料逐渐得到压缩,从而使螺槽更快充满物料,保证物料连续平缓地塑化。 
专利CN201079735Y中提供了一种差速双螺杆捏合机,既具有传统捏合设 备对高黏度流体的混合、剪切及塑化混炼作用,又具有异向双螺杆挤出机连续挤出的特点。但是,该专利中的螺杆沿轴向螺纹结构完全相同,不能适应物料不同加工阶段所需要的不同螺纹结构;而且该专利只是一种连续的捏合机,不能很好的适用于物料的挤出成型、造粒、混炼等。 
如果将差速双螺杆捏合机和锥形螺杆挤出机的特点集合,即两根螺杆全部采用锥形螺杆,形成差速锥形双螺杆挤出机则优势明显,具有更强大功能,从而明显提高塑炼和节能效果,具有很好的发展前景。 
实用新型内容
本实用新型差速锥形双螺杆挤出机,主要由机头、加热冷却装置、机筒、排气口、螺杆、加料装置、传动装置、电机组成,内腔“∞”型机筒中有两根啮合的螺杆,两根螺杆全部为锥形螺杆。一根为阳转子,一根为阴转子,一般螺棱头数多的称为阴转子,螺棱头数少的称为阳转子。两根螺杆可以是上下排列,也可以是左右排列,还可以是倾斜方式排列,具体根据需要放置在不同位置。锥形螺杆可以是内外锥角相同的普通锥形螺杆,也可以是内外锥角不同的双锥形螺杆,还可以是更复杂的高效双锥形螺杆。 
螺杆啮合时至少具有一个螺纹啮合区,在该区的阴转子螺棱头数为阳转子的整数倍,其转速比与螺棱头数比呈反比,可实现差速旋转。在差速旋转的螺纹啮合段,转子断面型线由若干段曲线依次连接而成,且阴阳转子端面型线相互对应,共轭啮合,差速运动时形成良好的啮合状态,保证不干涉。 
为了更好的适应物料的加工要求,在螺杆的加料段、熔融段、排气段和计量段的不同区段上可设置为不同导程和端面型线甚至改变螺杆螺棱头数的螺纹段。在挤出机的排气段机筒上可设置有排气口,排气口接排气装置,增加排气 口有利于水分和其他气体的脱挥,提高制品质量。两根螺杆安装时保证至少具有一个差速旋转的螺纹啮合段外,在不同区段可以是啮合的也可以是不啮合的,以便实现增强混炼、排气效果或其他功能。例如,为了进一步增强设备的混合能力并实现稳定挤出,可在一定区段增加销钉螺杆段或齿形盘等,但必须保证阴阳转子运动时不干涉。 
在差速旋转的螺纹啮合段,相邻阴阳转子螺旋副的正位移输送能力和压力能力很强。在啮合区处,阴转子的螺棱和螺槽与对应的阳转子的螺槽和螺棱之间因螺杆转速不同形成很大的速度差,这样具备剪切和拉伸等多种作用,因此明显增强混合和塑化效果。而且,阴阳转子相互啮合过程中,相互剥离黏附在螺杆上的物料,具有自清洁能力。 
由于两根锥形螺杆尾部直径增大,增大了承载能力,提高了产量,有利于布置止推轴承和齿轮。加料段螺槽容积大,易加入较大体积的松密度粉料;排料段螺杆直径小,产生的剪切和摩擦热也较小。螺槽容积沿挤出方向逐渐减小,物料逐渐得到压缩,从而使螺槽更快充满物料,保证物料连续平缓地塑化,有利于热敏性材料的加工成型。 
附图说明
图1为差速锥形双螺杆挤出机的结构示意图 
1-机头,2-加热冷却装置,3-机筒,4-排气口,5-螺杆,6-加料装置,7-安装座,8-联轴器,9-减速箱,10-电机,11-机架。 
图2为差速锥形阴转子和阳转子的啮合示意图 
图3为阳转子螺棱头数为1、阴转子螺棱头数为4时的啮合示意图 
图4为阳转子螺棱头数为2,阴转子螺棱头数为3时的啮合示意图 
图5为螺杆混炼段采用销钉螺杆时的具有销钉安装孔的螺杆断面图 
图6为螺杆混炼段采用啮合盘元件时的正视图 
图7为螺杆混炼段采用啮合盘元件时的侧视图 
具体实施方式
实施案例一 
按照图1设计差速锥形双螺杆挤出机,螺杆啮合如图2。挤出机中两根锥形螺杆5采用图3排列形式。图2为图1中的两根螺杆,螺杆分为阴阳转子,图2中上方螺杆为阳转子,下方螺杆为阴转子。其中,在螺纹啮合区中,阳转子螺棱头数为1,阴转子螺棱头数为4。高转速电机通过减速箱9、联轴器8将扭矩分配给阴阳转子,其速度之比为1/4,两个阳转子同向旋转,而阴转子与阳转子呈异向旋转。螺杆5组装放置在固定于安装座7的料筒3内,料筒3上开有排气口4,通过外装加热冷却装置2调节温度,料筒4、减速箱9和电机10直接安装在机架11上。 
从加料口6中加入所要加工的物料,物料经固体输送、压缩熔融之后,由粒料或粉料变为熔融状态。经过排气口4时,物料中的水分和挥发气体经由排气装置排出机筒。螺杆上靠近机头1设置混炼段,采用图5中安置销钉的带孔螺杆形式。螺杆上销钉起到分割料流,增加界面,通过多次分流、汇合,再取向而实现分布混合。物料经过混炼和排气后,通过机头1挤出。 
实施案例二 
类似于实施案例一,形成差速锥形双螺杆挤出机。不同处在于阳转子螺棱头数为2,阴转子螺棱头数为3(螺杆差动啮合见图4),经减速箱的速度分配,阴阳转子速度之比为2/3;螺杆在靠近机头1的混炼段,采用图6和图7所示的啮合盘形式,有利于分布混合。 

Claims (2)

1.差速锥形双螺杆挤出机,主要由机头、加热冷却装置、机筒、排气口、螺杆、加料装置、传动装置、电机组成,其特征在于:两根螺杆为锥形螺杆,一根为阳转子,另一根为阴转子;螺杆组合时至少具有一个螺纹啮合段,在该段的阴转子螺棱头数为阳转子的整数倍,其转速比与螺棱头数比呈反比,可实现差速旋转,运动时不干涉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的差速锥形双螺杆挤出机,其特征在于:在螺杆的加料段、熔融段、排气段和计量段的不同区段上可设置为不同导程和断面型线的螺纹段,螺杆安装时保证至少具有一个差速旋转的螺纹啮合段外,在不同区段可以是啮合的也可以是不啮合的,以便实现增强混炼。 
CN2011201115201U 2011-04-15 2011-04-15 差速锥形双螺杆挤出机 Expired - Fee Related CN202062635U (zh)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102205620A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-10-05 北京化工大学 差速锥形双螺杆挤出机
EP2769621A3 (de) * 2013-02-26 2015-12-02 VEMAG Maschinenbau GmbH Anordnung von dichtschließenden Förderschnecken
CN109258853A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-01-25 浙江理工大学 差速螺旋揉搓推进式的乌龙茶连续化揉捻方法及其生产线
CN109258852A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-01-25 浙江理工大学 差速锥螺旋揉搓推进式的乌龙茶连续化揉捻方法及生产线
US10555547B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2020-02-11 Wenger Manufacturing Inc. Meat dewatering assembly

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102205620A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-10-05 北京化工大学 差速锥形双螺杆挤出机
EP2769621A3 (de) * 2013-02-26 2015-12-02 VEMAG Maschinenbau GmbH Anordnung von dichtschließenden Förderschnecken
US10555547B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2020-02-11 Wenger Manufacturing Inc. Meat dewatering assembly
US10624369B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2020-04-21 Wenger Manufacturing Inc. Meat dewatering assembly
CN109258853A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-01-25 浙江理工大学 差速螺旋揉搓推进式的乌龙茶连续化揉捻方法及其生产线
CN109258852A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-01-25 浙江理工大学 差速锥螺旋揉搓推进式的乌龙茶连续化揉捻方法及生产线
CN109258852B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2021-11-05 浙江理工大学 差速锥螺旋揉搓推进式的乌龙茶连续化揉捻生产线
CN109258853B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2021-11-09 浙江理工大学 差速螺旋揉搓推进式的乌龙茶连续化揉捻生产线

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