JP2008546365A - 高周波ジェネレータを使用して乗物を動かすシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
高周波ジェネレータを使用して乗物を動かすシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図9
Description
化石燃料への依存性を減少する乗物の開発が世界的に極めて重大な問題になっている。化石燃料(例えば、ガソリン、ジーゼル燃料、天然ガス)は、そのエネルギー密度が高く、補給時間が速く、比較的低コストであり、且つ化石燃料で運転される内燃(IC)機関が円熟期にあることから、世界中の大多数の乗物に使用されている。
(a)内燃機関
図1は、慣習的な内燃(IC)機関116により動かされる乗物、即ち今日の最も一般的な乗物構成を示す。燃料源180(例えば、製油所)からの燃料は、ガスステーションに維持された燃料ポンプ181へ輸送される。ユーザは、ガスステーションで燃料を購入し、乗物に結合された燃料タンク114を満タンにする。次いで、燃料は、燃料管路115を経て内燃(IC)エンジン116へ供給される。
図2は、電気モータ124によって動かされる乗物を示す。電源190(例えば、米国又は国際送電網)は、コネクタのセット、電圧レギュレータ及び/又は変圧器を含む電気インターフェイス191を経て、乗物のポート129へ電力を供給する。ポート129は、バッテリ122のセットを充電する充電器127に電気的に結合される。バッテリは、電気モータ124に電力を供給する。動力分割装置118は、電気モータから電流を受け取り、そして駆動シャフト130を経てトルクを発生して、乗物の車輪111を回転させる。一実施形態では、動力分割装置118は、ギアトランスミッションを含む。乗物の順方向モーメントを使用して、動力分割装置118は、発電機120に動力供給し、この発電機は、乗物がブレーキを掛けているか又は坂を下っているときに乗物の順方向モーメントからエネルギーを回復することによりバッテリ122を充電するための電流を発生する。図2に示す電気乗物の2つの例は、ホンダEV+と、サターンEV1である。
図3は、ガス及び電気の両方で運転される例示的「ハイブリッド」乗物を示す。この乗物の動力分割装置118は、カプリング125及び117が一緒に機能して、駆動シャフトを動かすのを許す。より詳細には、この乗物は、ICエンジン116及び電気モータ124の両方を備え、動力分割装置118を経て駆動シャフト130にトルクを発生する。図2の乗物の場合と同様に、この乗物も、乗物の順方向モーメントを使用して(例えば、乗物がブレーキを掛けているか又は坂を下っているときに)バッテリ122を充電するための発電機120を備えている。図3に示す乗物の例は、レクサスRX400h(しかしながら、この乗物は、後輪を駆動するための第2の電気モータをもつ状態で入手できる)、及びトヨタプリウスを含む。
図5は、図2に示す乗物と同様であるが、バッテリ122のセットを充電するのに水素燃料セル196を使用する乗物を示す。バッテリ122が水素動力型乗物に使用されるのは、燃料セル196では、受け容れられる乗物加速に足る瞬時電力レベルを発生できないからである。ガソリンと同様に、供給部198からの水素が燃料ポート112を経て乗物へ送られ、そして水素貯蔵チャンバー194に貯蔵される。
図6は、電力レール/ケーブル691が電源190に結合された従来の導電式給電の電気乗物を示す。電力ケーブル692は、電力レール/ケーブル691と乗物の電気的ポート129との間に電気的接続を与えるために使用される。ポート129は、充電器127に電気的に結合され、充電器は、バッテリ122のセットに通電し、次いで、バッテリは電気モータ124に電力を供給する。電気モータ124は、駆動シャフト130を動かすためのトルクを生成し、駆動シャフトは、タイヤ又は車輪111のセットを回転する。図6に示すように、電源190は、電力レール/ケーブル691と軌道150の組み合せにより列車に接続されてもよい(電気動力型列車の場合と同様に)。
化石燃料に直接依存しない乗物の別の形式は、誘導式給電の電気乗物である。電磁誘導は、変化する磁束内に位置する導体にまたがる電位差(電圧)の発生として公式に定義される。誘導の実際の例は、変圧器に見られる。変圧器の一次側と二次側との間に導電性接続は存在せず、一次側及び二次側は、単に、互いに接近したワイヤのコイルである。変圧器の一次側に交流(AC)が印加されると、変圧器の二次側にAC電流が誘起する。
高周波による送電(「ワイヤレス電力」又は「RF電力」)は、ニコラ・テスラ(Nikola Tesla)により開拓されている。RF送電の原理を実証するそのテスラコイルは、科学博物館や科学的分類において数十年間共通の備え付け品となっているが、ワイヤレス送電装置として極めて効率が悪いために実際にはほとんど応用されていない。それでも、テスラは、ワイヤレス電力が偏在する世界を構想していた。テスラはワイヤレス給電型カーを開発したが、その詳細は「厳密に保護された機密」である、という1つの報告があった(ニューヨークディリーニュース、1934年4月2日“Tesla's Wireless Power Dream Nears Reality”を参照)。しかしながら、この記事の憶測は、裏付けられていない。ニコラ・テスラのワールドワイドウェブリソースサイト(www.tfcbooks.com)は、テスラの研究に関連した著しい量の情報をコンパイルしている。電気動力型自動車に関して、ウェブサイトは、「テスラがかつて電気自動車を製造したという裏付けられた証拠はないが、彼は、他の者が電気的推進の考え方を追及するよう促したことが知られている。」と述べている。(http://www.tfcbooks.com/teslafaq/q&a_015.htm)
乗物を動かすための改良された装置及び方法を以下に説明する。以下の説明では、例示の目的で、本発明を完全に理解するために多数の特定の細部について述べる。しかしながら、当業者であれば、これら特定の細部の幾つかを伴わずに本発明を実施できることが明らかであろう。他の点では、本発明の基本的な原理を不明瞭にしないために、良く知られた構造及び装置はブロック図の形態で示す。
Claims (20)
- 車道上を走行する乗物の方向にRF信号を送信するように構成された複数のRFジェネレータを車道の路面下に配置するステップと、
前記RFジェネレータから送信されたRF信号を受信し、そのRF信号から電力を発生するように構成されたレクテナを乗物に結合するステップと、
前記レクテナにより発生された電力を使用して乗物を動かすステップと、
を備えた方法。 - 車道上を運転している特定の運転者及び/又は乗物を識別するステップと、
前記運転者及び/又は乗物がRF信号の受信を許されたかどうか決定するステップと、
前記運転者及び/又は乗物がRF信号の受信を許された場合だけ前記RFジェネレータがRF信号を送信するようにさせるステップと、
を更に備えた請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記識別するステップは、更に、前記乗物上又は乗物内に構成された識別モジュールから前記運転者及び/又は乗物を独特に識別する識別データをワイヤレスに読み取ることを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 複数の認証及び制御モジュールを車道の路面下に配置するステップを更に備え、これら認証及び制御モジュールは、前記乗物のワイヤレスモジュールとワイヤレスに通信するように構成されたアンテナを有し、前記ワイヤレスモジュールは、前記識別データが記憶された識別及び制御ロジックに通信可能に結合される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記電力を使用するステップは、電力を充電器へ供給することを含み、この充電器は、電力を使用して、乗物内のバッテリのセットを充電し、これらバッテリは、電気モータを動かす、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 乗物を動かすシステムにおいて、
車道の路面下に配置されて、車道上を走行する乗物の方向にRF信号を送信するように構成された複数のRFジェネレータと、
乗物に結合され、前記RFジェネレータから送信されたRF信号を受信して、そのRF信号から電力を発生するように構成されたレクテナと、
乗物内にあって、前記レクテナにより発生された電力で再充電することのできる再充電可能な電源と、
を備えたシステム。 - 前記レクテナは、ローパスフィルタ、整流器及びキャパシタの配列を含む、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記RFジェネレータは、マイクロ波スペクトル内のRF信号を送信するように構成される、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 路面下に配置された複数の許可/制御モジュールを更に備え、該許可/制御モジュールは、車道上を運転している特定の運転者及び/又は乗物を識別し、その運転者及び/又は乗物がRF信号の受信を許可されたかどうか決定し、そして前記運転者及び/又は乗物がRF信号の受信を許可された場合だけ前記RFジェネレータがRF信号を送信するようにさせる、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数の許可/制御モジュールに結合された複数のRFトランシーバを更に備え、該RFトランシーバは、前記複数の許可/制御モジュールが乗物から識別データをワイヤレスに読み取るのを許し、前記識別データは、運転者及び/又は乗物を独特に識別する、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 乗物内に構成された識別/制御モジュールであって、前記識別データを記憶する識別/制御モジュールを更に備えた、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 前記識別データは、シリアルナンバーを含む、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記再充電可能な電源は、バッテリのセットを含む、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記レクテナにより発生された電力を使用して前記バッテリのセットを再充電するための充電ユニットを更に備えた、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記バッテリのセットから電力を受電するように構成された電気モータを更に備えた、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 化石燃料で運転するように構成された内燃(IC)機関と、
前記IC機関及び/又は電気モータを運転させることから発生されたトルクを駆動シャフトに付与するための動力分割装置と、
を更に備えた請求項15に記載のシステム。 - 前記充電器に電気的に結合された電気ポートを更に備え、該電気ポートは、前記充電器が外部電源から電力を受電するのを許すためのインターフェイスを含む、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 車道の路面下に配置されて、車道上を走行する乗物の方向にRF信号を送信するように構成されたRFジェネレータ手段と、
乗物に結合され、前記RFジェネレータ手段から送信されたRF信号を受信して、そのRF信号から電力を発生するように構成されたレクテナ手段と、
乗物内にあって、前記レクテナにより発生された電力で再充電することのできる再充電可能な電源手段と、
を備えたシステム。 - 路面下に配置された許可/制御手段を更に備え、該許可/制御手段は、車道上を運転している特定の運転者及び/又は乗物を識別し、その運転者及び/又は乗物がRF信号の受信を許可されたかどうか決定し、そして前記運転者及び/又は乗物がRF信号の受信を許可された場合だけ前記RFジェネレータがRF信号を送信するようにさせる、請求項18に記載のシステム。
- 前記許可/制御手段は、前記複数の許可/制御手段に結合されたRFトランシーバを備え、該RFトランシーバは、前記複数の許可/制御手段が乗物から識別データをワイヤレスに読み取るのを許し、前記識別データは、運転者及び/又は乗物を独特に識別する、請求項19に記載のシステム。
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CA2609641C (en) | 2015-12-01 |
EP1888191A2 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
AU2006249578B2 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
AU2006249578A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
RU2403154C2 (ru) | 2010-11-10 |
WO2006127185A3 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US20060266564A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
WO2006127185A2 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
KR20080014834A (ko) | 2008-02-14 |
EP1888191A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
CA2609641A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
CN101535102B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
CN101535102A (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
US7451839B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
RU2007148006A (ru) | 2009-07-10 |
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