JP2008537639A - 機械的特性を改善するためのその場に埋め込まれたナノ層を有する低k誘電体CVD膜の形成方法(誘電体スタック及び該形成方法、並びに該誘電体スタックを含む相互接続構造体) - Google Patents
機械的特性を改善するためのその場に埋め込まれたナノ層を有する低k誘電体CVD膜の形成方法(誘電体スタック及び該形成方法、並びに該誘電体スタックを含む相互接続構造体) Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008537639A JP2008537639A JP2008500925A JP2008500925A JP2008537639A JP 2008537639 A JP2008537639 A JP 2008537639A JP 2008500925 A JP2008500925 A JP 2008500925A JP 2008500925 A JP2008500925 A JP 2008500925A JP 2008537639 A JP2008537639 A JP 2008537639A
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- DGXPASZXUJQWLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(methoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[SiH](CC)OC DGXPASZXUJQWLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
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- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02126—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
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- H01L21/02345—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer post-treatment treatment by exposure to radiation, e.g. visible light
- H01L21/02351—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer post-treatment treatment by exposure to radiation, e.g. visible light treatment by exposure to corpuscular radiation, e.g. exposure to electrons, alpha-particles, protons or ions
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
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Abstract
【解決手段】 約1×10−10m/秒又はそれ以上の亀裂速度を有する1つ又は複数の膜(14)と、この1つ又は複数の膜(14)内にあるか又はそれに直接接触した少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)を含む材料スタック(12)が提供され、ここで少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)は、材料スタック(12)の亀裂速度を1×10−10m/秒より小さな値に減少させる。1つ又は複数の膜(14)は、低k誘電体に限定されず、金属のような材料を含むことができる。好ましい実施形態においては、約3.0又はそれ以下の有効誘電率kを有する低k誘電体スタック(12)が提供されるが、そのスタック(12)の機械的特性は、少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)を誘電体スタック(12)内に導入することによって改善される。機械的特性の改善は、スタック(12)内の膜の誘電率を著しく増大させることなく、また本発明の誘電体スタック(12)に何らかの後処理ステップを施すことを必要とせずに、達成される。
【選択図】 図1
Description
亀裂形成に関する上記の問題は、低k誘電体に限らず、熱及び機械的歪みを受けるときに壊れ易くなる他の材料にも当てはまる。
上記構造体において、絶縁層の各々は本発明の低k誘電体スタックを含むことができる。
幾つかの実施形態では、誘電体キャップ自体が本発明の低k誘電体スタックを含むことができる。
基板を反応器チャンバ内に準備するステップと、
前記の基板の表面上に低k誘電体膜を少なくとも第1の誘電体前駆体から堆積させるステップであって、前記の堆積させるステップ中に、前記の第1の誘電体前駆体はナノ層前駆体に変化し、それによって少なくともSi及びO原子を含む少なくとも1つのナノ層が低k誘電体膜に導入される、ステップと
を含む。
基板10が半導体材料を含む場合、相補型金属酸化物半導体(CMOS)デバイスのような1つ又は複数の半導体デバイスをその上に作成することができる。明瞭にするために、この1つ又は複数の半導体デバイスは、本願の図面には示されていない。
スタック内の低k誘電体膜(又は材料)の各々は多孔質であることが好ましい。孔は、典型的には、堆積後に硬化法を用いて除去されるポロゲン(porogen)を、堆積プロセス中に導入することによって形成される。幾つかの実施形態では、用いられる前駆体の1つはポロゲン材料とすることができる。
膜スタック12に導入されるナノ層16は、ナノメートル域内の厚さを有する。典型的には、ナノ層16は、約1nmから約100nmまでの厚さを有し、約2nmから約10nmまでの厚さがより典型的である。本発明のナノ層16は、少なくともSi及びO原子、そして随意にC、H及びN原子を含むその場の(in situ)ナノ層である。本発明のナノ層の例証的な例としては、SiCOH、SiCOHN、SiO2、SiCOx、SiON又はそれらの多層が挙げられる。所与の誘電体スタック12内の各ナノ層16の組成物は同じか又は異なるものとすることができる。
第1の前駆体は、1,3,5,7−テトラメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(「TMCTS」又は「C4H16O4Si4」)、オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(OMCTS)、ジエトキシメチルシラン(DEMS)、ジメチルジメトキシシラン(DMDMOS)、ジエチルメトキシシラン(DEMOS)、並びに関連する環状及び非環状シラン、シロキサンなどのSiCOH構成成分を含む環構造を有する有機分子から選択されることが好ましい。
上記の実施例においては液体前駆体が用いられるが、オルガノシリコン気相前駆体(例えばトリメチルシラン)もまた堆積のために用いることができることは当技術分野において既知である。低k誘電体膜12の堆積中にポロゲンを含めることができ、これが後の硬化ステップ中に膜12内に孔(pore)形成を引き起こす。
ナノ層前駆体は、不活性ガス及び/又は酸化剤と共に用いることができる。不活性ガス及び酸化剤は上記のものと同じものとすることができる。
随意に、約30Wと約400Wの間の低周波電力をプラズマに加えることができる。
所望ならば、本発明の誘電体スタック12の後処理は、熱、電子線、プラズマ、マイクロ波又はUV若しくはレ−ザーなどの光学放射のようなエネルギー源を利用して実施することができる。上記のエネルギー源の組合せもまた本発明において用いることができる。
UV光処理ステップは、不活性ガス、水素源ガス、又は上記の分圧範囲を用いるO2及びH2Oのガス混合物の中で実施することができる。
電子線処理ステップは、不活性ガス、水素源ガス、又は上記の分圧範囲を用いるO2及びH2Oのガス混合物の中で実施することができる。
12:誘電体スタック
14:誘電体材料(低k誘電体膜)
16:ナノ層
30、60、70、80:電子デバイス
32:シリコン基板
34:絶縁材料層
38、44:誘電体スタック(絶縁層)
40:導電体層
50:導電体領域
62、72,74:誘電体キャップ層
82、84、86:誘電体層
92:ビア
94:相互接続部
96:拡散バリア層
Claims (29)
- 3.0又はそれ以下の誘電率を有する少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)と、Si及びO原子を含む少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)とを有する誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、少なくともC、O及びH原子を含む有機誘電体、Si、O、及びH原子、そして随意にC原子を含む無機誘電体、又はこれらの混合物及びこれらの多層を含む、請求項1に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、三次元ネットワークで結合したSi、C、O及びH原子を含んだ無機誘電体を含む、請求項1に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、多孔質、非多孔質又はこれらの組合せである、請求項1に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)は、ナノメートル域の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)は、Si及びO原子、並びに隋意にC、N及びH原子を含む、請求項1に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)は、SiCOH、SiCOHN、SiO2、SiCOx又はSiONを含む、請求項6に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)を含む前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、1.2μmにおいて1×10−10m/秒より小さな亀裂速度を有する、請求項1に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)を含む前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、60MPaより小さな応力、7.5GPaより大きな弾性率、及び1.0より大きな硬度を有する、請求項1に記載の誘電体スタック(12)。
- 3.0又はそれ以下の誘電率を有する少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)と、Si及びO原子を含む少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)とを有する誘電体スタック(12)を含む、基板上に配置された相互接続構造体。
- 前記誘電体スタック(12)は、層間誘電体、層内誘電体、キャップ層、ハードマスク/研磨停止層又はこれらの任意の組合せである、請求項10に記載の相互接続構造体。
- 前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、少なくともC、O及びH原子を含む有機誘電体、Si、O及びH原子、そして随意にC原子を含む無機誘電体、又はこれらの混合物及び多層を含む、請求項10に記載の相互接続構造体。
- 前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、三次元ネットワーク構造体内で結合したSi、C、O及びH原子を含んだ無機誘電体を含む、請求項10に記載の相互接続構造体。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)は、Si及びO原子、並びに随意にC、N及びH原子を含む、請求項10に記載の相互接続構造体。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)は、SiCOH、SiCOHN、SiO2、SiCOx又はSiONを含む、請求項10に記載の相互接続構造体。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)を含む前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、1.2μmにおいて1×10−10m/秒より小さな亀裂速度を有する、請求項10に記載の相互接続構造体。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)を含む前記少なくとも1つの誘電体材料(14)は、60MPaより小さな応力、7.5GPaより大きな弾性率、及び1.0より大きな硬度を有する、請求項10に記載の相互接続構造体。
- 1×10−10m/秒又はそれ以上の亀裂速度を有する1つ又は複数の膜(14)と、前記1つ又は複数の膜(14)と直接接触した少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)とを含み、前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)は前記1つ又は複数の膜の亀裂速度を1×10−10m/秒より小さな値に減少させる、材料スタック。
- 前記少なくとも1つ又は複数の膜(14)は金属層を含む、請求項18に記載の材料スタック。
- 誘電体スタックを形成する方法であって、
基板(10)を反応器チャンバ内に準備するステップと、
前記基板(10)の表面上に低k誘電体膜(14)を、少なくとも第1の誘電体前駆体から堆積させるステップであって、前記低k誘電体膜(14)を前記堆積させるステップ中に、前記第1の誘電体前駆体はナノ層前駆体に変化し、それによってSi及びO原子を含む少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)が低k誘電体膜(14)に導入される、ステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記反応器チャンバは、プラズマ強化化学気相堆積の反応器チャンバである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電体前駆体はSi、C、O及びH原子を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ層前駆体はC、N又はHの内の少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電体膜(14)の前記堆積ステップは、基板の温度を200℃と425℃の間に設定するステップと、高周波RF電力密度を0.1W/cm2と2.5W/cm2の間に設定するステップと、第1の液体前駆体の流速を100mg/分と5000mg/分の間に設定するステップと、随意に第2の液体前駆体の流速を50mg/分から10,000mg/分までの間に設定するステップと、随意に第3の液体前駆体の流速を25mg/分から4000mg/分までの間に設定するステップと、随意に不活性キャリアガスの流速を50sccmから5000sccmまでの間に設定するステップと、反応器の圧力を1000mTorrと7000mTorrの間の圧力に設定するステップと、高周波RF電力を75Wと1000Wの間に設定するステップと、隋意に低周波電力を30Wと400Wの間に設定するステップとを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電体前駆体は、1,3,5,7−テトラメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(「TMCTS」又は「C4H16O4Si4」)、オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(OMCTS)、ジエトキシメチルシラン(DEMS)、ジメチルジメトキシシラン(DMDMOS)、ジエチルメトキシシラン(DEMOS)、又は関連する環状及び非環状シラン及びシロキサンを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ層前駆体は、1,3,5,7−テトラメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(「TMCTS」又は「C4H16O4Si4」)、オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(OMCTS)、ジエトキシメチルシラン(DEMS)、ジメチルジメトキシシラン(DMDMOS)、ジエチルメトキシシラン(DEMOS)、シラン、ヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS)又は関連する環状及び非環状シラン及びシロキサンを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記堆積ステップ中にポロゲンを導入するステップをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノ層(16)を含む前記誘電体膜(14)に後処理ステップを施すステップをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記後処理ステップは、熱、電子線、プラズマ、マイクロ波、UV及びレーザーから成る群から選択されるエネルギー源を利用するステップを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
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