JP2008535181A - Pem燃料電池のカソード層中の酸素還元反応(orr)を促進するための新規電解質 - Google Patents
Pem燃料電池のカソード層中の酸素還元反応(orr)を促進するための新規電解質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008535181A JP2008535181A JP2008504270A JP2008504270A JP2008535181A JP 2008535181 A JP2008535181 A JP 2008535181A JP 2008504270 A JP2008504270 A JP 2008504270A JP 2008504270 A JP2008504270 A JP 2008504270A JP 2008535181 A JP2008535181 A JP 2008535181A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- polyphosphazene
- binder
- fuel cell
- polymer
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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Abstract
【選択図】 図3
Description
J. Roziere and D.J. Jones, "Non-fluorinated Polymers Materials for Proton Exchange membrane Fuel Cells", Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 33, 503-503 (2003) M.A. Hickner et al., " Alternative Polymer Systems for Proton Exchange Membranes", Chem. Rev., 104, 4587-4612(2004)
高酸素透過性のポリホスファゼンを調製して、PEM−FCのカソード層中の電極バインダーとして使用した。PEM−FCのカソード層の酸素透過性の向上によって、燃料電池の出力密度が増加する。
Mocon OXTRAN(商標)2/20装置(ASTM−D3985−81)を使用して、測定を実施した。この装置について、NISTで承認された既知の運搬特性を持つMylarフィルムを使用して、23℃〜40℃で検量線を作成した。フィルム試料について、5×10−4m2の円形の曝露面積を持つように、アルミニウムフォイルで覆った。フィルムを真空オーブンで乾燥する(0%RH測定値)か、加湿N2ガス中で50%RHに平衡化した後、測定した。酸素を上流室に導入(上流気体は98%N2と2%O2の混合物)する一方、下流気体は98%N2および2%H2に維持した。酸素流量が定常状態(すなわち、酸素流量の変化が20分間で1%未満)に到達したとき、透過試験を終了した。定常状態の酸素流量を膜の厚さによって正規化して、(mol・cm)/(cm2・s・kPa)の単位の酸素透過性を取得した。
ポリ[(ビスフェノキシ)ホスファゼン]のスルホン化:これは2段階で実施した。第1段階で、室温でPOPを硫酸に溶解させ(1時間)、第2段階で、90〜130分の所定の時間、溶液を80℃に加熱した。ポリマーを氷中に沈殿させ、ろ過し、DI水で数回洗浄し、0.05M NaOH溶液で処理し、そしてDI水で完全に洗浄した。最後に、スルホン化したポリホスファゼン(SPOP)産物を60℃で乾燥した。乾燥したSPOPサンプルをジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)に溶解させ、PTFE皿にキャストした。溶媒を80℃で蒸発させ、乾燥フィルムを皿から取り出した後、1M硫酸中に浸漬し、DI水での洗浄を繰り返した。
非スルホン化ポリ[(4−エチルフェノキシ)(フェノキシ)ホスファゼン]の酸素透過性を測定した。この酸素透過性はスルホン化ビスフェノキシホスファゼンよりも4〜8倍高く、非スルホン化ポリ[(ビスフェノキシ)ホスファゼン]よりも5倍高かった。この非スルホン化物質は有意なプロトン伝導性を持たない。PEM−FC適用のためには、酸基などのプロトン源の基を付着させて、プロトン伝導性を増大させることができる。表1(下記)に、それぞれ2.0gの種々のイオン交換容量(IEC)までスルホン化した12種のポリホスファゼンフィルムサンプルについての結果を示す。
改良された電極を調製するために、本発明による改善された電極バインダーを含むインクを使用することができる。インクの一例は、1種以上の触媒金属前駆体、懸濁媒体、および本発明の一実施形態による電極バインダーを含む。この電極インクを、任意の適切な方法によって、PEMの表面上に印刷するか、接着させるか、コーティングし、あるいはPEMの隣接して配置することができる。
カソード電極の調製する方法の一例では、グローブボックス中でグラインダーを使用し、PtCo/C触媒を30秒×6回摩砕する。この触媒、蒸留水、エタノール、グリセロールおよび5%〜35%スルホン化ポリホスファゼンをグローブボックス中で混合する。超音波ホモジナイザーを使用してこの触媒インクを撹拌した後、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌する。この触媒インクをTeflonシート上にキャストする。電極ペーストで被覆したTeflonシートをアルゴンガス雰囲気中、大気圧、80〜100℃で乾燥し、減圧下で溶媒を除去する。こうしてホットプレスを使用して膜を軟化させ、電極の一部を膜中に埋め込み、接着を確実なものにする。
図5A〜5Gおよび図6に、電極バインダーなどの改善された酸素透過性物質に使用することができる、本発明の実施形態による代表的なポリマーを示す。ここで、R=CF3、CH3、Et、その他のアルキルまたはフルオロアルキル基である。実施例ではすべてポリホスファゼンであるが、その他のポリマー骨格も使用することができる。
低い相対湿度でバインダーのプロトン伝導性を増加させるため、低当量(EW)のポリホスファゼンを使用することができる。そのような物質の親水性は疎水性共置換基によるか、ポリマー鎖を架橋することによってバランスをとることができる。しかし、架橋はポリマーの自由体積を減少させ、したがってその酸素透過性を低下させることがある。末端アルキンと置換シクロペンタジエン間のディールズアルダー反応に基づく架橋、またはアジド/アルキン反応を使用することができる。本発明による一実施例においては、第1のポリマーに1個以上の末端アルキン基を設け、かつ第2のポリマーに1個以上の置換シクロペンタジエン基を設け、加熱によって架橋ネットワークを形成させる。この第1および第2のポリマーは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
本発明の気体透過性物質の用途として、水素燃料電池、直接メタノール燃料電池、およびアルカリ金属などの別のカチオン種に基づく燃料電池を含むその他の燃料電池のような、改良された燃料電池が含まれる。その他の用途としては、その他の電気化学的デバイス、エレクトロクロミックデバイス、気体分離および精製、気体透過性膜、その他の工業用ガス処理、センサー、ならびに他のエネルギー産生デバイスが含まれる。
Claims (26)
- 以下を含む燃料電池用の膜電極接合体:
触媒および電極バインダーを含む第1電極であって、該電極バインダーがポリホスファゼンを含むもの;
第2電極;ならびに
第1電極と第2電極の間に位置する電解質。 - 第1電極がカソードであり、電極バインダーがカソードバインダーであり、そして第2電極がアノードである、請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体。
- アノードがアノードバインダーを含み、該アノードバインダーが第2のポリホスファゼンを含む、請求項2に記載の膜電極接合体。
- ポリホスファゼンが酸基を含む、請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体。
- ポリホスファゼンがスルホン化ポリホスファゼンである、請求項4に記載の膜電極接合体。
- スルホン化ポリホスファゼンがスルホン化ポリ[(4−エチルフェノキシ)(フェノキシ)ホスファゼン]である、請求項5に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 酸基がホスホン酸基である、請求項4に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 酸基がスルホンアミド酸基である、請求項4に記載の膜電極接合体。
- ポリホスファゼンが側鎖を含み、該側鎖が芳香族基を含む、請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 芳香族基が1〜5個の炭素原子を持つアルキル置換基を有する、請求項9に記載の膜電極接合体。
- ポリホスファゼンが架橋されている、請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 電極バインダーがポリホスファゼンおよび少なくとも1種の他のポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 少なくとも1種の他のポリマーがポリベンズイミダゾールを含む、請求項12に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 少なくとも1種の他のポリマーが第2のポリホスファゼンを含む、請求項12に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体を含み、水素含有燃料および酸素含有酸化剤を使用して作動可能である燃料電池。
- 水素含有燃料がメタノールである、請求項15に記載の燃料電池。
- 触媒および電極バインダーを含む第1電極であって、該電極バインダーがポリマーを含むもの;
第2電極;ならびに
第1電極と第2電極の間に位置する電解質;
を含む燃料電池であって、ポリマーがポリマー骨格、第1側鎖、および第2側鎖を含み、該第1側鎖が芳香族基を含み、該第2側鎖が酸基を含む前記燃料電池。 - ポリマーがポリホスファゼンである、請求項17に記載の燃料電池。
- 芳香族基が5個以下の炭素原子を持つ少なくとも1個のアルキル置換基を有する、請求項17に記載の燃料電池。
- 第1電極がさらに電子伝導性物質を含む、請求項17に記載の燃料電池。
- 燃料電池がある作動温度範囲を有し、
電極バインダーがその作動温度範囲よりも低いガラス転移温度を有し、
プロトン交換膜がその作動温度範囲よりも高いガラス転移温度を有する、
請求項17に記載の燃料電池。 - 電解質がプロトン交換膜である、請求項17に記載の燃料電池。
- 電極バインダーが第1のポリホスファゼンを含み、プロトン交換膜が第2のポリホスファゼンを含む、請求項22に記載の燃料電池。
- ポリマーがスルホン化ポリホスファゼンである、請求項17に記載の燃料電池。
- 触媒およびバインダーを含む燃料電池用の電極であって、触媒がバインダー全体に分散され、該バインダーが、芳香族基を含む側鎖を有するポリホスファゼンを含み、該ポリホスファゼンがさらに酸基を含み、バインダーがプロトン伝導性である、前記電極。
- 電極がカソードであり、触媒が酸素還元触媒である、請求項25に記載の電極。
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- 2006-03-29 WO PCT/US2006/011350 patent/WO2006105130A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-29 CA CA2602431A patent/CA2602431C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-29 CN CN2006800148515A patent/CN101199078B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2017136579A (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 燃料電池用正極触媒 |
JP2021039950A (ja) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-11 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 燃料電池用バインダー |
JP6996719B2 (ja) | 2020-11-19 | 2022-02-21 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 燃料電池用バインダー |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101199078A (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
JP5406523B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
CA2602431C (en) | 2013-10-29 |
WO2006105130A3 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
CN101199078B (zh) | 2010-07-14 |
DE112006000780B8 (de) | 2018-09-13 |
DE112006000780T5 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
US8227135B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
DE112006000780B4 (de) | 2018-05-17 |
WO2006105130A2 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
CA2602431A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
US20070015040A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
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