JP2008509000A - 固体物体と気体とに関わる過程を強める方法および装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
Φ = h (ta − ts)
ここで、Φは熱流束、hは表面伝導度、tsは表面の温度、taは周囲の気体温度である。表面伝導度の単位は、W/m2Kである。
気体中における高い強度の音波または超音波は、気体の分子に、非常に高い速度と変位とをもたらす。例えば、160dBは、22,000Hzにおいて、4.5m/sの粒子速度と33μmの変位に対応する。言い換えれば、分子の運動エネルギーが、著しく増加する。
壁が薄すぎると、構造が弱すぎて、使用中に必要な要求条件を満足できない。他方において、壁が厚すぎると、効率的に冷却することが出来ず、内壁の表面温度が高くなり過ぎる。
− 通路(601)の暖かい内壁から冷却気体へ向けての熱伝達の効率。熱のこの部分は、対流によって伝達され、上述の如く、壁の表面上にある層流底層の厚みによって制限される。底層においては、熱の伝達時間は、拡散時間にまで制限される。
− 冷却はまた、気体の温度が高まるとき、冷却気体の密度変化に起因して制限される。高い密度を有する冷たい気体は、気体の速度とノズルの幾何学形状とのために、ノズルの外壁に対して押し当てられる。内面付近の気体が暖かくなって、密度が低くなると、この効果は増幅される。従って、気体における総合的な熱の分配は、暖かい気体と冷たい気体の不十分な混合によって制限される。
Claims (14)
- 固体物体(100)と、該固体物体(100)を取巻く、または該固体物体(100)のある表面(204)に少なくとも接触する気体(500)とが関連する過程を強める高めるための音波装置であって、該音波装置は、
少なくとも該物体(100)の表面(204)に対して、高い強度の音波または超音波を当てるための音波手段(301)を備え、
音波装置の使用中に、前記物体(100)の表面(204)へ高い強度の音波または超音波を伝搬する媒体である気体(500)に対して、高い強度の音波または超音波を直接当てて、これにより前記物体(100)の表面(204)における層流底層(203)の減少、および/または最小化を行うことを特徴とする音波装置。 - 請求項1に記載の音波装置であって、前記音波手段(301)は、
通路(303)を画定している外側部(305)および内側部(306)と、
開口部(302)と、
該内側部(306)に設けられたキャビティ(304)とを備え、
前記音波手段(301)は、加圧気体を受けて、該加圧気体を該開口部(302)に通すようになっていて、該加圧気体は、該開口部からキャビティ(304)へ向けたジェットとして放出されることを特徴とする音波装置。 - 請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の装置であって、前記装置は、
該表面(204)の温度(T1)が、該気体(500)の温度(T0)より高く、
該過程は熱交換過程であって、前記層流底層(203)の減少および/または最小化が、前記物体(100)から前記気体(500)への熱交換を高めることを特徴とする音波装置。 - 請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の装置であって、前記装置は、
前記表面(204)の温度(T1)は、前記気体(500)の温度(T0)より低く、
前記過程は熱交換過程であって、前記層流底層(203)の減少および/または最小化が、前記気体(500)から前記物体(100)への熱交換を高めることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の装置であって、
該物体(100)の表面(204)は触媒であって、該気体(500)は少なくともひとつの触媒反応物を備え、
該過程は触媒過程であって、該層流底層(203)の減少が前記触媒過程の速度を高めることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の音波装置であって、前記音波装置は、
前記表面(204)は、所定の体積をもった内面であって、
前記過程は、前記気体(500)と内面に存在していた気体の組成物との間で気体の組成を変化させるものであって、前記層流底層(203)の減少は、前記気体(500)の気体分子と前記内面に存在していた気体組成物との間の相互作用によって、気体の交換が高められることを特徴とする音波装置。 - 固体物体(100)と気体(500)とが関連する過程を強めるための方法であって、気体(500)は固体物体(100)を取巻き、または少なくとも物体(100)の表面(204)に接触しているような上記方法において、この方法が、
音波手段(301)によって、少なくとも物体(100)の表面(204)に対して、高い強度の音波または超音波を当てる工程を備え、
物体(100)の表面(204)へ高い強度の音波または超音波を伝搬する媒体である気体(500)に対して、高い強度の音波または超音波を直接的に当てて、物体(100)の表面(204)において層流底層(203)の減少および/または最小化を実行することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項7に記載の方法であって、
前記音波手段(301)は、
通路(303)を形成している外側部分(305)および内側部分(306)と、
開口部(302)と、
内側部分(306)に設けられたキャビティ(304)とを備え、
前記方法は、さらに、
加圧気体を前記音波手段(301)に受け入れる工程と、
加圧気体を前記開口部(302)に通す工程と、
前記開口部(302)からキャビティ(304)へ向けたジェットとして、加圧気体を放出させる工程とを備えていることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項7または8のいずれかに記載の方法であって、該方法において、
前記表面(204)の温度(T1)が、前記気体(500)の温度(T0)より高く、
前記過程は熱交換過程であって、前記層流底層(203)の減少および/または最小化は、前記物体(100)から前記気体(500)への熱交換を高めることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項7または8のいずれかに記載の方法であって、該方法において、
前記方法において、
前記表面(204)の温度(T1)は、前記気体(500)の温度(T0)より低く、
前記過程は熱交換過程であって、前記層流底層(203)の減少および/または最小化は、前記気体(500)から前記物体(100)への熱交換を高めることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項7から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、該方法において、
前記物体(100)の表面(204)は触媒であって、前記気体(500)は少なくともひとつの触媒反応物を備え、
前記過程は触媒過程であって、前記層流底層(203)の減少は、前記触媒過程の速度を高める、
ことを特徴とする請求項7乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 請求項7から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、前記方法において、
前記表面(204)は、所定の体積をもった内面であり、
前記過程は、前記気体(500)と、内面に存在していた気体組成物との間で気体の組成を変化させるものであって、前記層流底層(203)の減少は、前記気体(500)の気体分子と、前記内面に存在していた気体組成物との間の相互作用によって、気体の交換が高められることを特徴とする方法。 - 冷却通路(601)を備えたノズル(600)であって、前記冷却通路(601)は、使用中に、前記通路(601)に分配されるような、超音波を発生させる音波装置(301)に結合されていることを特徴とするノズル。
- 水素を発生させるために、天然気体と蒸気とを用いて水素を発生させることを特徴とする、請求項1から6に記載の装置または請求項7から12に記載の方法の使用。
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- 2005-08-15 WO PCT/DK2005/000528 patent/WO2006015604A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-08-15 EP EP05769696.5A patent/EP1778393B8/en active Active
- 2005-08-15 AU AU2005270587A patent/AU2005270587B2/en active Active
- 2005-08-15 RU RU2007109071/15A patent/RU2394641C2/ru active
- 2005-08-15 BR BRPI0514309A patent/BRPI0514309B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2005-08-15 CA CA2576429A patent/CA2576429C/en active Active
- 2005-08-15 US US11/660,109 patent/US20070254380A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2005-08-15 JP JP2007525171A patent/JP2008509000A/ja not_active Revoked
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2013
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL1778393T3 (pl) | 2020-11-16 |
CA2576429C (en) | 2016-05-24 |
JP2013230472A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
RU2394641C2 (ru) | 2010-07-20 |
RU2007109071A (ru) | 2008-09-20 |
EP1778393A1 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
US9089829B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
CA2576429A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
AU2005270587B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
BRPI0514309A (pt) | 2008-06-10 |
BRPI0514309B1 (pt) | 2016-03-29 |
EP1778393B1 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
AU2005270587A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
WO2006015604A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US20130309422A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
KR101234411B1 (ko) | 2013-02-18 |
US20070254380A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
EP1778393B8 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
KR20070052304A (ko) | 2007-05-21 |
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