JP2007527356A - 水素分離用混合プロトン/電子伝導性セラミック膜 - Google Patents
水素分離用混合プロトン/電子伝導性セラミック膜 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical group O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018921 CoO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 101150058765 BACE1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002274 Nalgene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004814 ceramic processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011533 mixed conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
- B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
- B01D71/0271—Perovskites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
- C01B3/503—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/108—Hydrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
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- C01B2203/0495—Composition of the impurity the impurity being water
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Abstract
Description
原材料の酸化物および炭酸塩の粉末(BaCO3,CeO2,Eu2O3)を化学量論的な量を加えてペロブスカイトBaCe0.8Eu0.2O2.9を形成することにより、化学量論的なペロブスカイト材料を調製した。これら粉末を24時間ボールミル粉砕したのに続き、1リットルのナルゲンボトルの中でジルコニウムミル粉砕媒体とともにペイントシェーカーの上で30分間混合した。次いで、十分に混合した粉末を1400℃で焼成して炭酸塩を分解し、粉を一緒に反応させて単相のペロブスカイト材料を形成した。次に、焼成した粉末をアセトン中で72時間ボールミルして、1−2ミクロンの粒径で表面積が1.5−3m2/gの微粉末を得た。
2相混合伝導性セラミック材料の2つの異なった組成物を、実施例1に記載の通り製造した。処方した2つの組成物は、(1)50質量%BaCe0.7Eu0.3O2.85+50質量%Ce0.8Eu0.2O2.9および(2)50質量%BaCe0.8Eu0.2O2.9+50質量%Ce0.8Y0.2O2.9である。2相複合材料の安定性を実証するために、H2OおよびCO2を含む還元的環境における熱重量分析(TGA)を行い、時間の関数として重量の変化を観測した。図2に示すように、TGA試験の間に重量変化は測定されず、このことは材料がこれらの温度およびガス組成の環境において安定であることを示す。図2は合成ガス中における熱重量分析のデータを描画しており、これはCO,CO2およびH2Oを含む還元的環境におけるペロブスカイト/酸化物複合体の極めて良好な安定性を示している。
原材料酸化物および炭酸塩の粉末(BaCO3,CeO2,EuO3)を非化学量論的量(バリウム欠陥)で添加してペロブスカイトBa0.92Ce0.8Eu0.2O2.82を形成することにより、非化学量論的ペロブスカイト材料を調製した。これら粉末を24時間ボールミル粉砕したのに引き続き、1リットルのナルゲンボトルでジルコニアミル媒体とともにペイントシェーカーの上で30分間混合した。その後、よく混合した粉末を1400℃で焼成して炭酸塩を分解し、粉末を一緒に反応させ単一相のペロブスカイト材料を形成した。次いで、焼成した粉末をアセトン中で72時間ボールミルして1−2ミクロンの粒径で表面積が1.5−3m2/gの微粉末を得た。
化学量論量のペロブスカイト/ドープしたセリアの複合体を実施例1に記載のとおり製造し、非化学量論量のペロブスカイト/ドープしたセリアの複合材料を実施例3に記載のとおり調製した。これら2つのサンプル材料を用いて、かかるつの材料の安定性を900℃の合成ガス環境において比較した。図4は、化学量論および非化学量論のペロブスカイト相を有する複合体粉末のX線回折パターンの比較を示す。さらに具体的にいうと、図4は900℃で合成ガスに露曝した粉末のX線回折分析のデータを描画し、これは非化学量論のペロブスカイト/酸化物複合体粉末が、同一条件で露曝した化学量論的ペロブスカイト/酸化物複合体粉末と比較してほとんど炭酸塩を形成していないことを示している。図4中の矢印は主要な炭酸バリウムピークの位置を示す。非化学量論的なAサイト欠陥のペロブスカイトを有する複合体は、50容積%のBa0.92Ce0.8Eu0.2O2.82および50容積%のCe0.8Eu0.2O2.9を有し、化学量論的ペロブスカイト組成の複合体は50容積%のBaCe0.8Eu0.2O2.9および50容積%のCe0.8Eu0.2O2.9を有する。バリウム欠損組成の複合体は、著しく低い炭酸塩の形成により、また非化学量論的な組成物におけるAサイトの陽イオン(すなわち、本実施例におけるBa2+イオン)の一層低い活性により合成ガス中で優れた化学的安定性を示す。
二相複合セラミック粉末を実施例1に記載の通り調製した。次いで、多孔質基板によって支持された薄膜混合伝導体を製造するために、これら粉末を用いてテープ成型用スリップを調製した。緻密な構成部品用スリップを二つの厚さ、8ミルと1ミルに成形する一方、多孔質のスリップを8ミルのみに成形した。テープ成形品を、標準のセラミック加工処理を用いて乾燥し、膜パッケージ中の膜の薄層の露出表面積を最大化するように決めた形状および大きさに個々のテープを打ち抜く。膜の初期寸法を打ち抜くと、生成した断片をレーザーカッターを用いて切断し、膜の表面積を最大化しかつ膜支持体に付与するに必要な形体を得た。レーザー切断を完了すると、標準セラミック加工処理を用いてこれら断片を一緒に積層して基材及び膜支持体とともに膜パッケージを形成する。
Claims (29)
- 多相セラミック複合材料であって:
−運転温度で1.0×10−3S/cm以上のプロトン伝導性を有するプロトン伝導性セラミック相;および
−酸素分圧が0.05気圧未満の還元的条件で測定した場合に1.0×10−2S/cm以上の電子伝導性を有する電子伝導性セラミック相を備えた多相セラミック複合材料。 - 電子伝導性のセラミック相が、材料を用いて製造した膜の運転条件下でプロトン伝導相と少なくとも一つの所望のガスとの間の反応の少なくとも一つの生成物とほぼ構造的および化学的に同一である請求項1記載の材料。
- 電子伝導性のセラミック相が、材料を用いて製造した膜の運転条件下でプロトン伝導相と少なくとも一つの所望のガスとの間の反応の少なくとも一つの生成物と構造的および化学的に同一である請求項1記載の材料。
- 電子伝導性セラミック相はCe1−xBxO2−εの式を有し、Bはイットリウムの一つおよび周期律表中のランタニド系列に属する元素を表し、εは酸素欠陥の数である請求項1記載の材料。
- 電子伝導性セラミック相がCe1−xBxO2−εの式を有し、Bはイットリウム及び周期律表中のランタニド系列に属する元素の一つで、εは酸素欠陥の数である請求項2記載の材料。
- 0≦x≦0.75である請求項4記載の材料。
- 0≦x≦0.75である請求項4記載の材料。
- プロトン伝導性セラミック相がペルブスカイト構造を有する請求項1記載の材料。
- 電子伝導性相がセリアである請求項8記載の材料。
- 電子伝導性相がドープしたセリアである請求項8記載の材料。
- ペロブスカイトがA1−x−αPxB1−yQyO3−δの式を有し、ここでAは原則としてバリウム(Ba)、ストロンチウム(Sr)、カルシウム(Ca)およびマグネシウム(Mg)およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択した二価の陽イオンであり、Pは陽イオンであるA−サイトドーパントであり、Bは周期律表の第4族の元素および周期律表のランタニド系列の元素からなる群より選択した4価の陽イオンであり、Qは周期律表の第3族の元素および周期律表のランタニド系列の元素からなる群より選択したB―サイトドーパントであり、αは非化学量論的なA−サイト欠陥の数であり、δは酸素欠陥の数である請求項8記載の材料。
- A−サイトドーパントがPr、Sm、Erおよび周期律表のランタニド系列の元素からなる群より選択した陽イオンである請求項11記載の材料。
- 0≦α≦0.1である請求項11記載の材料。
- 0≦x≦0.5である請求項11記載の材料。
- 0≦y≦0.3である請求項11記載の材料。
- プロトン伝導性セラミック相が(A’2-γA’’γ)2(B2-ηRη)O7-λのパイロクロア構造を有し、ここでAは3価の陽イオン、A’’は2価の陽イオン、Bは4価の陽イオンおよびRは2価の陽イオンである請求項1記載の材料。
- A’’およびRが同じ陽イオンである請求項16記載の材料。
- 0≦γ≦0.3である請求項16記載の材料。
- 0≦η≦0.3である請求項16記載の材料。
- プロトン伝導性セラミック相が複合ペルブスカイトである請求項1記載の材料。
- 複合ペルブスカイトがA2(B’1+βB’’1−β)O6−λの構造を有し、ここでAは2価のイオン、B’は3価のイオンおよび4価のイオンのうちの一つ、及びB’’は5価のイオンである請求項20記載の材料。
- 0≦β≦0.3である請求項21記載の材料。
- 0≦ψ≦0.2である請求項21記載の材料。
- 複合ペルブスカイトがA3(B’1+ψB’’2−ψ)O9-λの構造を有し、ここでAは2価のイオン、B’は3価のイオンおよび4価のイオンのうちの一つ、並びにB’’は5価のイオンである請求項20記載の材料。
- 0≦β≦0.3である請求項24記載の材料。
- 0≦ψ≦0.2である請求項24記載の材料。
- セラミック相が低プロトン伝導性および低電子伝導性のうちの一つを有する請求項1記載の材料。
- 熱力学的安定性を改善するためにパーコレーション限界以下に加えた第二のセラミック相をさらに備える請求項1記載の材料。
- 酸化スズ(SnO2)、ドープしたSnO2、酸化タングステン(WO3)、ドープしたWO3、酸化コバルト(CoO3)、ドープしたCoO3および炭化ケイ素(SiC)からなる群より選択した第二の電子伝導性相をさらに備える請求項1記載の材料。
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US20050194571A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
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