JP2006518700A - Co2固定を伴うディーゼルスチームリフォーミング - Google Patents
Co2固定を伴うディーゼルスチームリフォーミング Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は含硫黄炭化水素燃料をスチームリフォーミングするための統合燃料プロセッサーを提供する。統合燃料プロセッサーは、炭化水素燃料の硫黄含有率を低下させるための脱硫ユニット、触媒作用で炭化水素燃料をC1とC2の炭化水素混合物に転化させることができるプレリフォーマー、および、C1とC2の炭化水素混合物をリフォーミングして水素と二酸化炭素を含むリフォーメート流にするためのスチームリフォーマーを含んでいる。スチームリフォーマーは、スチームリフォーミング触媒を含みそして場合によって水性ガスシフト触媒を含んでもよい触媒床を有している。触媒床はさらに、スチームリフォーミング反応で生成された二酸化炭素を固定するための二酸化炭素固定材料(carbon dioxide fixing material)を含む。二酸化炭素固定材料は約400℃〜約800℃であるスチームリフォーミング温度で、好ましくは約500℃より上で、そしてより好ましくは約550℃より上で、二酸化炭素を固定する。二酸化炭素固定材料は好ましくは、アルカリ土類金属酸化物、ドープされたアルカリ土類金属酸化物またはこれらの混合物である。二酸化炭素固定材料はスチームリフォーミング温度より上の温度で、好ましくは550℃より上の温度で、そしてより好ましくは約600℃より上の温度で加熱することによって再生可能である。二酸化炭素固定材料はその材料の中に加熱された空気の流れのようなガス流を通すことによって加熱されてもよい。好ましくは、含硫黄炭化水素燃料はディーゼルである。
本発明は一般的には、含硫黄炭化水素燃料を水素リッチガスに転化するための方法および装置に関する。含硫黄炭化水素燃料は代表的にはディーゼルである。本発明は図1に示されているように二酸化炭素固定材料を最初の炭化水素転化プロセスに組み込むことによって転化プロセスを簡単にし、そして水性ガスシフト転化ユニットの必要性を解消する。
30 脱硫器
40 気化器
50 プレリフォーマー
60 リフォーマー/セパレーター
61 流れコントロール素子
63 流れコントロール素子
64 触媒床(CaO+触媒)
70 燃料電池
80 凝縮器
90 仕上げユニット(メタン化または選択酸化)
100a ボイラー
100b バーナー
Claims (27)
- 含硫黄炭化水素燃料をスチームリフォーミングするための燃料プロセッサーであって、
炭化水素燃料の硫黄含有率を低下させるための脱硫ユニット;
低下した硫黄含量の炭化水素燃料をC1とC2の炭化水素混合物に転化させるためのプレリフォーマー;および
C1とC2の炭化水素混合物をスチームリフォーミング温度においてリフォーミングして水素と二酸化炭素を含むリフォーメートにするためのスチームリフォーマーであって、その触媒床がリフォーメートの中の二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部を固定するための二酸化炭素固定材料を含んでいる、該スチームリフォーマー;
を含む前記プロセッサー。 - 炭化水素燃料がディーゼルである、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- さらに、炭化水素燃料を気化させるためにプレリフォーマーの上流に気化ユニットを含む、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- さらに、リフォーメートから水を除去するためにスチームリフォーマーの下流に凝縮器を含む、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- さらに、リフォーメートから一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素またはそれらの混合物を除去するために、スチームリフォーマーの下流に、メタン化ユニット、選択オキシダイザーおよび水性ガスシフト反応器からなる群から選ばれたユニットを含む、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- 触媒床がスチームリフォーミング触媒を含み、前記スチームリフォーミング触媒が貴金属触媒を含んでいる、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- 触媒床が水性ガスシフト触媒を含んでいる、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- 二酸化炭素固定材料がアルカリ土類金属酸化物、ドープされたアルカリ土類金属酸化物およびそれらの混合物から選ばれる、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- プレリフォーマーが炭化水素燃料をC1とC2の炭化水素混合物に転化させるのに適する触媒を含んでいる、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- スチームリフォーマーが少なくとも2つの触媒床と、フィード流をこれら少なくとも2つの触媒床間に分流する手段とを含んでいる、請求項1の燃料プロセッサー。
- 含硫黄炭化水素燃料をスチームリフォーミングするための方法であって、
含硫黄炭化水素燃料の硫黄含有率を低下させて低下した硫黄含量の炭化水素燃料にする工程;
この低下した硫黄含量の炭化水素燃料を触媒作用によってC1とC2の炭化水素混合物に転化する工程;
C1とC2の炭化水素混合物をスチームリフォーミング温度においてスリームリフォーミングして水素と二酸化炭素を含むリフォーメートを生成する工程;及び
リフォーメートの中の二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部を触媒床の中の二酸化炭素固定材料によって固定して水素リッチリフォーメートを生成する工程
を含む前記方法。 - 含硫黄炭化水素燃料がディーゼルである、請求項11の方法。
- さらに、炭化水素燃料を超加熱水蒸気と混合することによって炭化水素燃料を気化させる工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- さらに、水素リッチリフォーメートを冷却する工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- さらに、水素リッチリフォーメートから水を除去する工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- さらに、水素リッチリフォーメートから一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素またはそれらの混合物を除去する工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- 水素リッチリフォーメートの中の一酸化炭素および(または)二酸化炭素の量が、水素リッチリフォーメートに、水性ガスシフト反応、メタン化および選択酸化の一つ以上を受けさせることによって低減される、請求項16の方法。
- 二酸化炭素固定材料がアルカリ土類金属酸化物、ドープされたアルカリ土類金属酸化物またはそれらの混合物である、請求項11の方法。
- さらに、二酸化炭素固定材料をスチームリフォーミング温度より上の温度に加熱して固定二酸化炭素を解放する工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- 二酸化炭素固定材料が550℃より高い温度に加熱される、請求項19の方法。
- さらに、第一触媒床をスチームリフォーミング温度より高い温度に加熱して固定二酸化炭素を解放している間に第二触媒床の中のC1とC2の炭化水素混合物をスチームリフォーミングする工程を含む、請求項11の方法。
- 炭化水素燃料の硫黄含有率を低下させるための脱硫ユニット、低下した硫黄含量の炭化水素燃料を触媒作用によってC1とC2の炭化水素混合物に転化させるためのプレリフォーマー、および、C1とC2の炭化水素混合物を触媒床の中でスチームリフォーミング温度においてリフォーミングして水素と二酸化炭素を含むリフォーメートにするためのスチームリフォーマーを含み、前記触媒床がリフォーメート中の二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部を固定して水素リッチリフォーメートを生成するための二酸化炭素固定材料を含んでいる燃料プロセッサー;及び
燃料プロセッサーから水素リッチリフォーメートを受けとるように構成された燃料電池であって、水素リッチリフォーメートの一部を消費して電気、アノードテールガス及びカソードテールガスを生じる、該燃料電池を含む、電気を発生させる装置。 - さらに、加熱排気ガスを生成するためにプレリフォーマーおよび(または)触媒床とは流体が連絡できる状態にある燃焼器を含む、請求項22の装置。
- 炭化水素燃料の硫黄含有率を低下させる工程;
低下した硫黄含量の炭化水素燃料をC1とC2の炭化水素混合物に転化する工程;
C1とC2の炭化水素混合物を触媒床の中でスチームリフォーミング温度においてスチームリフォーミングして水素と二酸化炭素を含むリフォーメートを生成する工程;及び
リフォーメートの中の二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部を触媒床の中の二酸化炭素固定材料によって固定して水素リッチリフォーメートを生成する工程;及び
水素リッチリフォーメートを燃料電池のアノードに供給する工程であって、燃料電池が水素リッチリフォーメートの一部を消費して電気、アノードテールガスおよびカソードテールガスを生じる、該工程;
を含む、電気を発生させる方法。 - さらに、排気ガスを生成するためにアノードテールガスおよび(または)カソードテールガスをアノードテールガスオキシダイザーに供給する工程を含む、請求項24の方法。
- さらに、二酸化炭素固定材料をスチームリフォーミング温度より高い温度に加熱して固定二酸化炭素を解放する工程を含む、請求項24の方法。
- さらに、水素リッチリフォーメートに水性ガスシフト反応、メタン化および選択酸化の一つ以上を受けさせることによって水素リッチリフォーメートの中の一酸化炭素および(または)二酸化炭素の量を低下させる工程を含む、請求項25の方法。
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US20040163312A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
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JP4463803B2 (ja) | 2010-05-19 |
CN101905866A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
US20080003466A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
BRPI0407751A (pt) | 2006-02-14 |
MXPA05009004A (es) | 2005-10-18 |
EP1603994A4 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
WO2004076346A2 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
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