JP2006514038A - ３’−ヌクレオシドプロドラッグの生産方法 - Google Patents
３’−ヌクレオシドプロドラッグの生産方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006514038A JP2006514038A JP2004562599A JP2004562599A JP2006514038A JP 2006514038 A JP2006514038 A JP 2006514038A JP 2004562599 A JP2004562599 A JP 2004562599A JP 2004562599 A JP2004562599 A JP 2004562599A JP 2006514038 A JP2006514038 A JP 2006514038A
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- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 title description 21
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 97
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- -1 ribofuranosyl nucleoside Chemical class 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Purine Natural products N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical group CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyldiimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C=CN=C1 PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical compound CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypoxanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-azabenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=N1 GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004944 pyrrolopyrimidines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NC=N1 FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CXWGKAYMVASWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dithiane Chemical compound C1CCSSC1 CXWGKAYMVASWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MGAXHFMCFLLMNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrimidine-6-thione Chemical compound SC1=CC=NC=N1 MGAXHFMCFLLMNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SVXNJCYYMRMXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-2h-1,2,4-triazin-3-one Chemical compound NC=1C=NNC(=O)N=1 SVXNJCYYMRMXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HXXVIKZQIFTJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenylpyrimidine Chemical compound C=CC1=CN=CN=C1 HXXVIKZQIFTJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005697 5-halopyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LRSASMSXMSNRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylcytosine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)N=C1N LRSASMSXMSNRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NOYDQGFVFOQSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitropyrimidine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CN=CN=C1 NOYDQGFVFOQSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Chloro-1H-purine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DBCMWACNZJYUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethenyl-7h-purine Chemical compound C=CC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 DBCMWACNZJYUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-purine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=C2NC=NC2=N1 MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypoxanthine nucleoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OGEBRHQLRGFBNV-RZDIXWSQSA-N chembl2036808 Chemical compound C12=NC(NCCCC)=NC=C2C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=NN1C[C@H]1CC[C@H](N)CC1 OGEBRHQLRGFBNV-RZDIXWSQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LOZWAPSEEHRYPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiane Natural products C1CSCCS1 LOZWAPSEEHRYPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N flucytosine Chemical compound NC1=NC(=O)NC=C1F XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004413 flucytosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KCXYZMFPZHYUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phosphanylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P KCXYZMFPZHYUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-thiol Chemical compound SC1=NC=CC=N1 HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OVCXRBARSPBVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolopyridine Chemical compound C=1N2C(C(C)C)=NN=C2C=CC=1C=1OC=NC=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 OVCXRBARSPBVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NPYPQKXJJZZSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-benzylpyrimidine Chemical compound C=1N=CN=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 NPYPQKXJJZZSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PVRBGBGMDLPYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-benzyl-7h-purine Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2N=CNC=2C=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 PVRBGBGMDLPYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XVIAPHVAGFEFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CN=CN=C1 XVIAPHVAGFEFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDOPAZIWBAHVJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2NC=CC2=N1 KDOPAZIWBAHVJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 claims 1
- LJXQPZWIHJMPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=CC=N1 LJXQPZWIHJMPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 125000004744 butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N Guanosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
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- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
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| US43615002P | 2002-12-23 | 2002-12-23 | |
| PCT/US2003/041603 WO2004058792A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | Process for the production of 3'-nucleoside prodrugs |
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| JP2006514038A true JP2006514038A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
| JP2006514038A5 JP2006514038A5 (https=) | 2007-01-18 |
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| JP2004562599A Pending JP2006514038A (ja) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | ３’−ヌクレオシドプロドラッグの生産方法 |
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| US (1) | US20040181051A1 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1575971A4 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2006514038A (https=) |
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| CN (1) | CN100335492C (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2003300434A1 (https=) |
| BR (1) | BR0316868A (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2511616A1 (https=) |
| IL (1) | IL169314A0 (https=) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05006865A (https=) |
| NO (1) | NO20053557L (https=) |
| NZ (1) | NZ540913A (https=) |
| PL (1) | PL377608A1 (https=) |
| RU (1) | RU2005123395A (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2004058792A1 (https=) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200505040B (https=) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012514657A (ja) * | 2009-01-09 | 2012-06-28 | ユニバーシテイ・カレツジ・オブ・カーデイフ・コンサルタンツ・リミテツド | ウィルス感染を治療するためのグアノシンヌクレオシド化合物のホスホルアミダート誘導体 |
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| PT2376088T (pt) | 2008-12-23 | 2017-05-02 | Gilead Pharmasset Llc | Fosforamidatos de nucleósidos de 2-amino-purina 6-osubstituída |
| PT2609923T (pt) | 2010-03-31 | 2017-08-30 | Gilead Pharmasset Llc | Processo para a cristalização de 2-(((s)- (perfluorofenoxi)(fenoxi)fosforil)amino)propanoato de (s)-isopropilo |
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-
2003
- 2003-12-23 EP EP03814400A patent/EP1575971A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-23 CN CNB2003801098204A patent/CN100335492C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-23 JP JP2004562599A patent/JP2006514038A/ja active Pending
- 2003-12-23 AU AU2003300434A patent/AU2003300434A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-23 BR BR0316868-9A patent/BR0316868A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-23 PL PL377608A patent/PL377608A1/pl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-23 US US10/746,395 patent/US20040181051A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-23 NZ NZ540913A patent/NZ540913A/en unknown
- 2003-12-23 CA CA002511616A patent/CA2511616A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-23 RU RU2005123395/04A patent/RU2005123395A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-23 WO PCT/US2003/041603 patent/WO2004058792A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-23 MX MXPA05006865A patent/MXPA05006865A/es unknown
- 2003-12-23 KR KR1020057011749A patent/KR20050110611A/ko not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-06-21 IL IL169314A patent/IL169314A0/en unknown
- 2005-06-21 ZA ZA200505040A patent/ZA200505040B/en unknown
- 2005-07-20 NO NO20053557A patent/NO20053557L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012514657A (ja) * | 2009-01-09 | 2012-06-28 | ユニバーシテイ・カレツジ・オブ・カーデイフ・コンサルタンツ・リミテツド | ウィルス感染を治療するためのグアノシンヌクレオシド化合物のホスホルアミダート誘導体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA05006865A (es) | 2005-12-12 |
| KR20050110611A (ko) | 2005-11-23 |
| PL377608A1 (pl) | 2006-02-06 |
| CA2511616A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
| US20040181051A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
| IL169314A0 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
| EP1575971A4 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
| ZA200505040B (en) | 2006-04-26 |
| AU2003300434A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
| CN100335492C (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
| RU2005123395A (ru) | 2006-01-27 |
| BR0316868A (pt) | 2005-10-25 |
| NZ540913A (en) | 2008-02-29 |
| WO2004058792A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
| NO20053557L (no) | 2005-09-08 |
| CN1751058A (zh) | 2006-03-22 |
| EP1575971A1 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
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