JP2006316077A - コーティング組成物、およびそれを用いて製造した低誘電シリカ質材料 - Google Patents
コーティング組成物、およびそれを用いて製造した低誘電シリカ質材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006316077A JP2006316077A JP2003292529A JP2003292529A JP2006316077A JP 2006316077 A JP2006316077 A JP 2006316077A JP 2003292529 A JP2003292529 A JP 2003292529A JP 2003292529 A JP2003292529 A JP 2003292529A JP 2006316077 A JP2006316077 A JP 2006316077A
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- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQMGAWUIVYDWBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl acetate Chemical class CC(=O)O[SiH3] UQMGAWUIVYDWBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】 ポリアルキルシラザン化合物、アセトキシシラン化合物、有機溶媒、および必要に応じて多孔質化材、を含んでなるコーティング組成物、そのコーティング組成物を焼成することにより得られたシリカ質材料、ならびにその製造法。
【選択図】 なし
Description
本発明におけるポリアルキルシラザン化合物は、アルキル置換されたシラザン結合を有するものである。その構造は限定されるものではないが、好ましいポリアルキルシラザン化合物は、好ましくは下記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含むものである。
R2〜R4は、各々独立に水素原子または炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表すが、R2〜R4のすべてが同時に水素であることはなく、
p、q、およびrは、それぞれ0または1であり、0≦p+q+r≦3である。
本発明によるコーティング組成物は、アセトキシシラン化合物を含んでなる。このアセトキシシラン化合物は、ケイ素原子にアセトキシ基が1〜4個結合したものであり、アセトキシ基が3個以下結合している場合は、ケイ素にアルキル基、アルコキシ基などの置換基が結合したものであってもよい。必要に応じて、その他の置換基で置換されていてもよい。
本発明によるコーティング組成物は、前記のポリアルキルシラザン化合物およびアセトキシシラン化合物、さらに必要に応じて後述するその他の添加物、を有機溶媒中に溶解または分散させたものである。このとき、有機溶媒としては、活性水素を有しない不活性有機溶媒を用いることが好ましい。このような有機溶媒として、ベンセン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、ジエチルベンゼン、トリメチルベンゼン、トリエチルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶媒;シクロヘキサン、シクロヘキセン、デカヒドロナフタレン、エチルシクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、p−メンチン、ジペンテン(リモネン)等の脂環族炭化水素系溶媒;ジプロピルエーテル、ジブチエルエーテル等のエーテル系系溶媒;メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒;プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等のエステル系溶媒等が挙げられる。
本発明によるコーティング組成物は、硬化後に得られるシリカ質材料に形成される微細孔をより多く、またはより小さく均一にするために、多孔質化材を含むことができる。このような多孔質化材を用いることで、本発明によるコーティング組成物を用いて形成させたシリカ質材料の誘電率をさらに低くすることができる。このような多孔質化材としては、ポリアルキレンオキサイド類、アクリルポリマー類、またはメタクリルポリマー類を用いることができるが、(イ)シロキシ基含有ポリエチレンオキサイド化合物、またはそれをモノマー単位として含む共重合体、および(ロ)アクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸エステルの単独重合体および共重合体であって、その側基の一部にカルボキシル基、水酸基、またはシロキシ基を含むものが好ましい。これらのうち、カルボキシル基または水酸基を含むアクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸の重合体はこれらの基を介して多孔質化材が前記のポリアルキルシラザン化合物と結合し、多孔質化材の分離が制限され、その結果マクロ相分離を起こさずにミクロ相分離に留まる組成物が得られる。また、シロキシ基を含むアクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸の重合体は、加熱によって昇華する際に、その一部であるシロキシ基がマトリックスであるポリアルキルシラザンの焼成膜中に残存し、より強度の高いシリカ質材料を生成させる効果を奏する。
ここで、R’は水素、アルキル基、アルコキシ基等の任意の置換基であり、一分子中のR’は複数種が混合していてもよい。また、R’が重合可能な基であり、ほかのモノマー単位と重合することもできる。
本発明によるコーティング組成物は、必要に応じてその他の添加剤成分を含有することもできる。そのような成分として、例えば粘度調整剤、架橋促進剤等が挙げられる。また、半導体装置に用いられたときにナトリウムのゲッタリング効果などを目的に、リン化合物、例えばトリス(トリメチルシリル)フォスフェート等、を含有することもできる。
本発明によるコーティング組成物は、前記のポリアルキルシラザン化合物、アセトキシシラン化合物、および必要に応じて前記した多孔質化材またはその他の添加物を前記の有機溶媒に溶解または分散させ、配合成分を反応させてコーティング組成物とする。ここで、有機溶媒に対して各成分を溶解させる順番は特に限定されないが、有機溶媒にアルキルシラザン化合物とアセトキシシラン化合物とを混合し、撹拌しながら加熱し、必要に応じて冷却した後、多孔質化材を撹拌混合することが好ましい。アルキルシラザン化合物またはアセトキシシラン化合物を有機溶媒に混合する場合の温度は、50〜200℃であることが好ましく、80〜180℃であることがより好ましい。この温度は用いる成分の種類によって変化する。撹拌時間は反応する成分の種類や温度にもよるが、一般に1〜24時間程度である。また、多孔質化材またはその他の添加物を混合するときの温度は、反応によって組成物がゲル化するのを防ぐために、30〜80℃であることが好ましい。このとき5〜90分間程度の超音波分散処理を行うことは、反応を促進させるのでより好ましい。2種以上の溶液、例えばポリアルキルシラザン化合物の溶液とアセトキシシラン化合物の溶液と、を混合してもよいが、そのときの温度条件は前記したとおりとすることが好ましい。各成分の配合、またはそれに引き続く反応は、任意の雰囲気下で行うことができるが、形成される架橋構造中に不要な酸素原子が取り込まれることを防ぐために、不活性雰囲気中、例えば窒素雰囲気中、で配合および反応を行うことが好ましい。
本発明によるコーティング組成物を、基板上に塗布し、または型枠や溝に充填した上で、必要に応じて乾燥させて過剰の有機溶媒を除去し、焼成することでシリカ質材料を得ることができる。本発明によるシリカ質材料を半導体装置などの電子部品に適用する場合には、通常、基板上に塗布したコーティング組成物を焼成してシリカ質材料とすることで、半導体装置上に直接シリカ質材料を形成させることが一般的である。
内容積5リットルのステンレス製タンク反応器に原料供給用のステンレスタンクを装着した。反応器内部を乾燥窒素で置換した後、原料供給用ステンレスにメチルトリクロロシラン780gを入れ、これを窒素によって反応タンクに圧送して導入した。次に、ピリジン入りの原料供給タンクを反応器に接続し、ピリジン4kgを窒素で同様に圧送し導入した。反応器の圧力を1.0kg/cm2に調整し、反応機内の混合液温が−4℃になるように温度調節を行った。そこに、撹拌しながらアンモニアを吹き込み、反応器の圧力が2.0kg/cm2になった時点でアンモニア供給を停止した。排気ラインをあけて反応器圧力を下げ、引き続き乾燥窒素を液相に1時間吹き込み、余剰のアンモニアを除去した。得られた生成物を加圧濾過器を用いて乾燥窒素雰囲気下で加圧濾過し、濾液3200mlを得た。エバポレーターを用いてピリジンを留去したところ、約340gのポリメチルシラザンを得た。
参考例1で合成したポリメチルシラザン5gを、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(以下、PGMEAという)15gに導入し、乾燥窒素雰囲気下でスターラーを用いて室温で十分に溶解させた。続いてその溶液を濾過精度0.2μmのPTFEシリンジフィルター(アドバンテック社製)で濾過した。その濾液を直径10.2cm(4インチ)、厚さ0.5mmのシリコンウェハー上にスピンコーターを用いて、1500rpm/20秒の条件で塗布し、さらに室温で3分間乾燥させた。そのシリコンウェハーを大気雰囲気中(23℃における相対湿度40%)150℃で3分間、ついで250℃のホットプレート上で3分間加熱し、さらに吸湿のために24時間クリーンルーム内(23℃相対湿度40%)に放置した。放置後、乾燥窒素雰囲気中350℃/30分間焼成し、シリカ質膜を得た。
比誘電率
パイレックス(登録商標:ダウ・コーニング社製)ガラス板(厚さ1mm、大きさ50mm×50mm)を中性洗剤、希NaOH水溶液、希H2HO4水溶液の順番でよく洗浄し、乾燥させる。このガラス板の全面に真空蒸着法でアルミニウム膜を形成させる(厚さ:0.2μm)。このガラス板に試料組成物溶液をスピンコート法で塗布して成膜した後、電極を信号取り出すためにガラス板の四隅を綿棒でこすって膜を除去する(3mm×3mm)。続いて、各例の方法に従ってシリカ質膜に転化させる。得られるシリカ質膜にステンレス製のマスクを被せて真空蒸着法でアルミニウム膜を形成させる。パターンは、2mm×2mmの正方形で厚さを2μmとしたものを18個とする。キャパシタンス測定は、4192ALFインピーダンスアナライザー(横河・キューレット・パッカード社製)を用いて、100kHzで測定する。また、膜厚の測定にはM−44型分光エリプソメーター(J.A.Woolam社製)を用いる。比誘電率は18個のパターンすべてについて、下式により計算した値を平均したものを採用する。
膜密度
直径10.16cm(4インチ)、厚さ0.5mmのシリコンウェハーの重量を電子天秤で測定する。これに試料組成物溶液をスピンコート法で塗布して成膜し、各例の方法に従ってシリカ質膜に転化させ、再び膜付きのシリコンウェハーの重量を電子天秤で測定する。膜重量は、成膜前後のウェハーの重量差とする。膜厚は、M−44型分光エリプソメーター(J.A.Woolam社製)で測定する。膜密度は下式に従って計算する。
内部応力
直径20.32cm(8インチ)、厚さ1mmのシリコンウェハーのそりをFLX−2320型レーザー内部応力測定器(Tencor社製)に入力する。さらに、このシリコンウェハーに試料組成物溶液をスピンコート法で塗布して成膜し、各例の方法に従ってシリカ質膜に転化させ、室温(23℃)に戻した後、再び前記レーザー内部応力測定器で内部応力を測定する。なお、膜厚は、M−44型分光エリプソメーター(J.A.Woolam社製)で測定する。
直径10.16cm(4インチ)、厚さ0.5mmのシリコンウェハーに試料組成物溶液をスピンコート法で塗布して成膜し、各例の方法に従ってシリカ質膜に転化させる。塗布の際に試料組成物溶液の固形分濃度またはスピンコーターの回転数を調整して、膜厚を約0.5μmから約5μmの範囲で変化させた試料を作製する。焼成後の膜表面を顕微鏡観察(120倍)し、各試料のクラックの有無を調べ、クラック発生のない最大膜厚をクラック限界膜厚とする。
直径20.32cm(8インチ)、厚さ1mmのシリコンウェハーに試料組成物溶液をスピンコート法で塗布して成膜し、各例の方法に従ってシリカ質膜に転化させる。得られるシリカ質膜について、薄膜用機械的特性評価システム(米国MTSシステムズ社製Nano Indenter DCM)により弾性率を測定する。
直径20.32cm(8インチ)、厚さ1mmのシリコンウェハーに試料組成物溶液をスピンコート法で塗布して成膜し、各例の方法に従ってシリカ質膜に転化させる。得られるシリカ質膜について、ATX−G型表面構造評価用多機能X線回折装置(理学電気株式会社製)を用いて、X線散漫散乱法によって孔径を測定する。
Claims (7)
- ポリアルキルシラザン化合物、アセトキシシラン化合物、および有機溶媒を含んでなることを特徴とする、コーティング組成物。
- 多孔質化剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項1に記載のコーティング組成物。
- 前記多孔質化剤が、シロキシ含有ポリエチレンオキサイド化合物、またはシロキシ含有ポリエチレンオキサイド化合物をモノマー単位として含む共重合体である、請求項2に記載のコーティング組成物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のコーティング組成物を、基板上に塗布し、あるいは型枠または溝に充填し、さらに焼成することにより形成されたことを特徴とする、シリカ質材料。
- 請求項5に記載のシリカ質材料を層間絶縁膜として含むことを特徴とする、半導体装置。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のコーティング組成物を350℃以下の温度で、1〜60分間加熱することを特徴とする、シリカ質材料の製造法。
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TW93118797A TWI332520B (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-06-28 | Coating composition and low dielectric constant silica material produced therewith |
KR1020067002892A KR101097713B1 (ko) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-04 | 코팅 조성물 및 이를 사용하여 제조한 저유전 실리카질재료 |
PCT/JP2004/011135 WO2005014743A1 (ja) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-04 | コーティング組成物、およびそれを用いて製造した低誘電シリカ質材料 |
EP20040771176 EP1661960B1 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-04 | Coating composition and low dielectric siliceous material produced by using same |
CN2004800229744A CN1836017B (zh) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-04 | 涂料组合物和通过使用该涂料组合物制得的低介电硅质材料 |
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WO2012060399A1 (ja) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | Azエレクトロニックマテリアルズ株式会社 | アイソレーション構造の形成方法 |
JP2016117881A (ja) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-30 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社SAMSUNG SDI Co., LTD. | シリカ系膜形成用組成物、シリカ系膜の製造方法および前記シリカ系膜を含む電子素子 |
KR20170050165A (ko) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-11 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 실리카 막의 제조방법, 실리카 막 및 전자소자 |
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KR20060066087A (ko) | 2006-06-15 |
EP1661960A4 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
CN1836017A (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
JP4588304B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
CN1836017B (zh) | 2011-11-02 |
KR101097713B1 (ko) | 2011-12-23 |
TW200523332A (en) | 2005-07-16 |
TWI332520B (en) | 2010-11-01 |
EP1661960B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
US7754003B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
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EP1661960A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
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