JP2006275443A - Waste material supplying device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste material supplying device having simple construction for stably supplying waste materials into an incinerating treatment furnace even when the great amount of bagged waste materials are charged therein. <P>SOLUTION: On the upstream side of a crusher 3 for crushing the waste materials, a four-shaft screw type bag breaker 2 is provided for breaking bags for the waste materials. The bags are broken before the waste materials charged into a hopper 1 are fed to the crusher 3. Thereby, even when the great amount of bagged waste materials are charged into the hopper 1, the waste materials are crushed into pieces without being clogged in the crusher 3. Thus, the waste materials are stably supplied to a charge port B of the incinerating treatment furnace A. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste supply apparatus that supplies waste such as municipal waste to a furnace for incineration.

  In facilities that incinerate municipal waste and other waste using an incinerator or gasification furnace, regardless of the type of furnace used for incineration, it is disposed of in order to ensure stable operation with a constant furnace operating condition. It is desirable to quantitatively supply the goods to the furnace. For this reason, many supply devices that supply waste to the furnace are provided with a crusher in the line so that the waste is crushed into small pieces and then supplied to the furnace (for example, see Patent Document 1). ).

  However, in the waste supply device as described above, generally, waste is thrown directly into the crusher with a crane or pushed with a pusher, and municipal waste that is put in a plastic garbage bag in this way. When a large amount of waste such as waste is introduced into the crusher in a short time, the waste may be clogged in the crusher while remaining in the garbage bag. When the waste is clogged in the crusher, the crusher is momentarily stopped due to excessive load, so the supply of waste to the furnace is interrupted and the operating conditions of the furnace fluctuate greatly. Operation of the entire incinerator becomes unstable. In addition, the crusher may be damaged and need repair or replacement.

On the other hand, for waste supply devices that supply waste directly to the furnace with a screw feeder without crushing waste, in order to prevent clogging of waste with the screw feeder, a waste bag is installed upstream of the heating element. There has been proposed a method of providing an exothermic bag breaking device that is broken finely by heat (see Patent Document 2). However, in this method, many auxiliary devices such as a temperature control device for the heating element, a fire extinguishing device that automatically operates when the waste is ignited, and a device for discharging the smoke of the ignited waste are used in this method. Since it is necessary to install it side by side, the configuration of the entire supply apparatus becomes complicated, and inspection and maintenance become troublesome. In the unlikely event that the fire extinguishing device does not operate normally, a fire may occur.
JP-A-10-176816 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-281027

  An object of the present invention is to provide a waste supply device that can supply waste stably to an incineration furnace even if a large amount of bag-filled waste is thrown in with a simple configuration.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a waste supply apparatus for supplying waste to a furnace for incineration, and a bag containing the waste on the upstream side of a crusher for crushing the waste. Adopted a configuration equipped with a bag-breaking machine that breaks by external force.

  That is, a bag breaker of a simple system that breaks the bag by external force on the upstream side of the waste supply device, and a crusher that crushes the waste on the downstream side, so that the bag before sending waste to the crusher In order to prevent clogging of waste in the crusher, the entire supply device has a simple structure that does not use heat to break the waste bag.

  In the above-described configuration, if a supply device is provided between the bag breaker and the crusher for quantitatively supplying the waste broken by the bag breaker to the crusher, the load fluctuation of the crusher is further reduced. be able to.

  On the other hand, if the furnace for incineration is large and waste does not need to be crushed so small, a bag breaker that breaks the bag containing the waste with external force is provided. It is preferable that a fixed amount of the waste is supplied to the furnace without crushing.

  In addition, a screw-type dust feeder that quantitatively sends waste toward the furnace inlet is provided in the waste passage connected to the furnace inlet, and air leaks into the furnace due to its material seal function. If this is suppressed, fluctuations in the operating conditions of the furnace can be further reduced.

  The amount of waste accumulated in the input part of the screw type dust dispenser is detected, the operation upstream of the dust dispenser input part is controlled based on the detected amount of accumulated waste, and the dust dispenser is charged. If the amount of waste retained in the part is kept within a predetermined range, the material seal function is stabilized, and the leakage of air into the furnace can be suppressed more reliably.

  Here, by providing a disintegrator that disintegrates the waste discharged in a lump form from the dust supply device on the downstream side of the screw type dust supply device, large lump waste does not fall into the furnace. Thus, it is desirable to reduce the fluctuation of the furnace pressure.

  In addition, a rotary drum type feeder that quantitatively feeds waste toward the furnace inlet is provided in the waste passage connected to the furnace inlet, and is in sliding contact with the outer periphery of the drum of the rotary drum feeder. Thus, a sealing plate for blocking the waste passage can be provided to suppress air leakage into the furnace.

  A portion of the waste passage that is continuous with the furnace inlet is preferably a chute that is inclined at an angle of 55 to 60 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane. That is, according to the results of experiments conducted by the present inventors on the actual machine, by setting the inclination angle of the chute to 55 degrees or more, it becomes difficult for the waste to adhere to or accumulate on the inner wall of the chute, and the chute is reliably blocked. Can be prevented. Moreover, by setting it as 60 degrees or less, the opening area on the furnace side of the furnace charging port continuous with the chute does not become too large, and deterioration of the sealing performance and heat insulation of the furnace can be prevented.

  Furthermore, if a dehydrator is provided on the downstream side of the bag breaker for dewatering the waste broken by the bag breaker, even if the waste waste contains a lot of water, Can always supply waste with less moisture and keep the furnace in good combustion. In addition, the auxiliary fuel required when waste containing a lot of moisture is supplied to the furnace can be reduced.

  The present invention can be applied particularly effectively when the furnace is a fluidized bed incinerator or a fluidized bed gasification furnace.

  As described above, the waste supply apparatus of the present invention is provided with a bag breaker that breaks a bag containing waste on the upstream side of the crusher by an external force. Even if a large amount of waste is introduced, waste is not clogged in the crusher, the waste can be stably supplied to the furnace for incineration, and the operation of the entire incinerator can be stabilized. Further, by reducing the troubles of the crusher, the life of the parts and the whole crusher can be extended. Further, since heat is not used unlike the above-described exothermic bag breaker, the entire structure of the supply device is simple, less labor is required for inspection and maintenance, and there is no risk of fire.

  In addition, when it is not necessary to crush the waste so small, a bag breaking machine that breaks the bag containing the waste by external force is provided, and the waste broken by the bag breaking machine is crushed without crushing the waste. Since the fixed amount is supplied to the furnace, the configuration of the entire supply device is further simplified.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment. This waste supply device is a waste incinerator that mainly incinerates municipal waste and other waste collected in a plastic garbage bag using a fluidized bed incinerator or gasifier. As shown in FIG. 1, a hopper 1 into which waste is introduced, a bag breaker 2 that breaks a bag of waste that has dropped from the hopper 1, and a bag breaker 2 that is provided in the preceding process. And a two-shaft crusher 3 for crushing waste.

  A waste passage 4 connected to the charging port B of the furnace A is provided with a twin-screw type dust feeder 5 for quantitatively sending the waste crushed by the crusher 3 toward the charging port B, A crusher 6 for crushing the waste discharged as a lump from the dust machine 5 and a rotary drum type feeder 7 for quantitatively sending the crushed waste to the inlet B are provided. Further, a conveyor 8a serving as a feeder for supplying a fixed amount of waste to the crusher 3 and the dust feeder 5 between the bag breaker 2 and the crusher 3 and between the crusher 3 and the dust feeder 5, respectively. , 8b are provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the bag-breaking machine 2 has two pairs of screws 10 whose rotation directions are opposite to each other inside a casing 9 having an insertion port 9a at the top. This is a 4-axis screw type in which two pairs are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction. One end of each screw 10 protrudes outside the casing 9 and is rotatably supported, and is connected to a motor 12 via a speed reducer 11. Moreover, the other end part of each screw 10 is inserted in the discharge port 9b formed in the side wall of the casing 9, and the three rotary blades 13 which protrude radially are attached to the outer periphery. On the other hand, a fixed blade 14 is attached to each discharge port 9b of the casing 9 so as to be close to the track of the rotary blade 13 from the inner periphery thereof, and the waste sent to the discharge port 9b by the blade 10a of the screw 10 The bag is torn with the rotary blade 13 and the fixed blade 14.

  A part of the waste passage 4 forms a chute 4a serving as a charging portion for the dust feeder 5, and the waste sent from the crusher 3 by the conveyor 8b stays in the chute 4a. The position of the uppermost layer of waste in the chute 4a is measured by the level sensor 15 to detect the amount of waste accumulated, and the controller 16 upstream of the chute 4a based on the detected amount of waste retained. The operation of the bag breaker 2 and the conveyors 8a and 8b is controlled so that the amount of waste accumulated in the chute 4a falls within a predetermined range. Thereby, the dust feeder 5 comes to have a stable material sealing function, and the leakage of air into the furnace A can be suppressed.

  In addition, a seal plate 17 is provided at the location where the rotary drum type feeder 7 of the waste passage 4 is installed to slidably contact the outer periphery of the drum 7a of the feeder 7 to block the waste passage 4. Air leakage into the furnace A is suppressed. And the part from the supply machine 7 installation location to the inlet B of the furnace A becomes the chute | shoot 4b inclined at an angle of 55-60 degree | times with respect to the horizontal surface.

  Next, the flow of waste treatment in this supply device will be described. First, although illustration is omitted, waste such as bagged municipal waste collected by a garbage truck or the like is once stored in a pit and then directly put into the hopper 1 by a crane. The waste that has fallen from the hopper 1 to the casing 9 of the bag breaking machine 2 is sent to the discharge port 9b side by the screw 10, and the bag is broken by the rotary blade 13 and the fixed blade 14 and discharged from the discharge port 9b. The

  The waste discharged from the bag breaker 2 is transported by the conveyor 8a, put into the crusher 3, and crushed into small pieces. And it is thrown into the chute | shoot 4a which is the injection | throwing-in part of the dust feeder 5 with the conveyor 8b of the crusher 3 downstream, and after temporarily staying here, it sends out toward the furnace inlet B with the dust feeder 5. FIG. The waste that has been compressed in the dust feeder 5 and discharged as a lump is crushed again by the crusher 6 and then supplied to the furnace charging port B by the rotary drum type feeder 7.

  This waste supply apparatus has the above-described configuration, and even if a large amount of waste in a bag is put into the hopper 1, the waste is broken by the bag breaker 2 and then the waste is quantitatively crushed. 3, the crusher 3 does not have a risk of clogging waste, and the load fluctuation is small. In addition, the bag breaker 2 uses a simple structure of a four-screw type and does not use heat to break the bag, so the overall configuration of the device is simple and there is less labor for inspection and maintenance. There is no risk of fire.

  Furthermore, material sealing is performed with the screw dust feeder 5, and the waste passage 4 is blocked by the rotary drum feeder 7 and the seal plate 17, thereby suppressing air leakage into the furnace A. Therefore, fluctuations in the operating conditions of the furnace can be reduced. In addition, since the crusher 6 is provided on the downstream side of the screw dust feeder 5, large lump waste does not fall into the furnace A and the furnace pressure does not fluctuate.

  In addition, since the inclination angle of the chute 4b continuous to the charging port B of the furnace A is set to 55 to 60 degrees, the opening area of the furnace charging port B on the side of the furnace A is suppressed to a certain size, and the seal of the furnace A Ensuring heat resistance and heat insulation. Moreover, even if unburned matter or tar that has flowed back from the furnace A adheres to the inner wall of the chute 4b in the case of the gasification furnace, the attached matter is washed away by the waste falling to the furnace inlet B. Therefore, there is no possibility of trouble due to the blocking of the chute 4b.

  FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment. This embodiment is implemented when the scale of the furnace A is large and it is not necessary to crush the waste so small. Based on the first embodiment, the waste is transferred to the crusher 3 and the crusher 3. Is omitted, and the waste broken by the bag breaking machine 2 is quantitatively supplied to the furnace A without being crushed. Thereby, the whole apparatus is simplified rather than 1st Embodiment.

  FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment. This embodiment is based on the first embodiment, omits the crusher 3 as in the second embodiment, and instead uses a dehydrator 18 that dehydrates the waste broken by the bag breaker 2. It is provided. Accordingly, even if the waste that has been broken contains a lot of moisture, the waste having a low water content can always be supplied to the furnace A, and a decrease in the medium temperature of the fluidized bed can be prevented. The combustion state of can be kept good. Moreover, the auxiliary fuel required when waste with much moisture is supplied to the furnace A can be reduced.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, a 4-axis screw type bag breaking machine is used. However, any type of bag breaking machine that breaks waste bags with external force without using heat can be used. Any type.

  Further, the present invention is particularly effective when applied to an apparatus for supplying waste to a fluidized bed incinerator or a fluidized bed gasification furnace. However, the disposal of other types of furnaces such as a kiln type, a shaft type, etc. The present invention can also be applied to an object supply apparatus.

Schematic of the waste supply apparatus of the first embodiment a is a plan view of the bag-breaking machine of FIG. 1, b is a longitudinal front view of a, and c is a side view of a. Schematic of the waste supply apparatus of the second embodiment Schematic of the waste supply apparatus of the third embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hopper 2 Bag breaker 3 Crusher 4 Waste passage 4a, 4b Chute 5 Dust feeder 6 Crusher 7 Feeder 7a Drum 8a, 8b Conveyor 9 Casing 9a Input port 9b Discharge port 10 Screw 13 Rotary blade 14 Fixed blade 15 Level sensor 16 Controller 17 Seal plate 18 Dehydrator A Furnace B Input port

Claims (10)

  In the waste supply apparatus for supplying waste to a furnace for incineration, a bag breaker for breaking a bag containing the waste by an external force is provided upstream of a crusher for crushing the waste. And waste supply equipment.   2. The waste supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a supply device is provided between the bag breaker and the crusher to quantitatively supply the waste broken by the bag breaker to the crusher.   In a waste supply apparatus for supplying waste to a furnace for incineration, a bag breaker for breaking the bag containing the waste by external force is provided, and the waste broken by the bag breaker is not crushed. A waste supply device characterized in that a fixed amount is supplied to the furnace.   In the waste passage connected to the furnace inlet, a screw dust dispenser that quantitatively sends waste toward the furnace inlet is installed, and its material seal function prevents air leakage into the furnace. The waste supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the waste supply apparatus is configured as described above.   The amount of waste accumulated in the input part of the screw type dust dispenser is detected, the operation upstream of the dust dispenser input part is controlled based on the detected amount of accumulated waste, and the dust dispenser is charged. The waste supply apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the amount of waste staying in the section falls within a predetermined range.   The waste supply device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a crusher for crushing waste discharged in a lump form from the dust supply device is provided on a downstream side of the screw type dust supply device. .   The waste passage connected to the furnace inlet is provided with a rotating drum type feeder that quantitatively feeds waste toward the furnace inlet, and is disposed in sliding contact with the outer periphery of the drum of the rotary drum feeder. The waste supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a sealing plate for blocking the material passage is provided to suppress air leakage into the furnace.   The portion of the waste passage that is continuous with the furnace inlet is a chute that is inclined at an angle of 55 to 60 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane. Waste supply device.   The waste supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a dehydrator for dewatering the waste broken by the bag breaker is provided downstream of the bag breaker.   The waste supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the furnace is a fluidized bed incinerator or a fluidized bed gasification furnace.

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