JP2019039587A - Refuse incineration device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a refuse incineration device that can more accurately calculate a feed rate of refuse by recognizing refuse that falls and refuse that does not fall.SOLUTION: An incineration device 100 comprises a fluidized bed type incinerator 20, a refuse feeder 10, a distance measuring unit 42, and a processing unit. The fluidized bed type incinerator 20 incinerates refuse. The refuse feeder 10 feeds the refuse to the fluidized bed type incinerator 20. Out of the refuse to be fed from the refuse feeder 10 to the fluidized bed type incinerator 20, unaccumulated refuse that falls into the fluidized bed type incinerator 20 and accumulated refuse that does not falls into the fluidized bed type incinerator 20 are recognized by the distance measuring unit 42.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste incinerator.

  In a waste incinerator that burns inhomogeneous and flammable waste such as municipal waste and industrial waste, incinerate waste that is the material to be incinerated and minimize harmful substances emitted during incineration There is a need. In addition, in facilities where boilers are installed, it is required to aim for efficient residual heat utilization. In order to satisfy both of these requirements, the facility must be able to achieve complete combustion with low oxygen concentration without introducing excess air into the incinerator.

  If extra low temperature air is introduced into the incinerator in order to increase the oxygen concentration, the combustion temperature will be lowered to cause incomplete combustion, resulting in an increase in harmful substances or a decrease in efficiency. is there. Further, if the air amount is increased, the power cost of the fan increases and the amount of exhaust gas increases. Higher amounts of air can increase the cost of metal recycling as more useful metals are oxidized. On the contrary, if the amount of air is reduced too much and the oxygen concentration is too low, there arises a problem that the amount of harmful CO generated increases.

  The shapes and sizes of urban waste and industrial waste etc. are variously intertwined. Conventionally, there are various known dust collecting systems (garbage supply parts such as dust collectors), but there are two types of systems that roughly divide waste and supply dust, and dust-free and dust collecting. The non-crushing and dust-supplying system is greatly affected by the properties of waste as compared to the crushing and dust-supplying system. That is, the sizes of the dust to be dusted vary, and the discharge characteristics of the dust collector (waste supply unit) are greatly affected by the characteristics.

For example, when the dust collector is a screw type, the transport weight can be determined by the following formula.
Q = 60 × Φ × π × D × D / 4 × S × N × γ
In the formula, D = outer diameter of screw blade, S = pitch of screw, 効率 = cross-sectional efficiency, N = rotational speed of screw shaft, γ = specific weight (conveyor calculation method published by Ryotaro Majima)
In this equation, the cross-sectional efficiency and specific weight vary depending on the substance. Therefore, when transporting municipal waste etc. with a screw, the transport amount is greatly affected by the properties of the trash.

  Moreover, in the case of non-crushing, waste larger than the screw diameter may be thrown in, so that swallowing to the screw is inhibited, and screw transportation in a fixed amount can not be performed. Furthermore, when the dust falls from the end of the screw, the dust may be entangled, and it may become a large lump and may not easily fall. And it will overhang at the chute part of the fall mouth and will fall at a stretch.

  These problems are problems specific to urban wastes, industrial wastes, etc. whose shape is greatly changed, especially in the case of non-crushing. Fluidized bed incinerators generally used as waste incinerators are suitable for municipal waste incinerators because the combustion start-up is easy and the ash obtained as a result of the combustion is dry and clean. However, since the burning rate is fast, the fluctuation of the amount of input waste greatly affects the fluctuation of the combustion. As measures therefor, the slowing of the fluidization of the fluidizing medium, the quick response of dust supply amount control using the brightness in the furnace, and the secondary air amount control are performed.

In order to reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the amount of dust, it is most preferable to suppress the fluctuation of the amount of dust supply, and as a method for measuring the dust falling from the dust collector for that purpose, for example, JP-A-2000-356334 There is a fluid bed incinerator as described in. In this fluidized bed incinerator, a television camera is mounted at a position where it is possible to observe the dropping of waste from the waste outlet of the dust collector. The dust which overhangs and falls from the outlet of the dust collector with a television camera is photographed, and the center of gravity and the area of the photographed dust are calculated by image processing (binarization of the image). In this way, the individual amounts of waste when separated and dropped from the outlet of the dust collector are calculated from the center of gravity and the area of the calculated waste. The product of the moving speed of the center of gravity and the area is taken as the amount of waste. The amount of dust deposition, the amount of primary air (flowing air), and the amount of secondary air can be controlled by the calculated amount of waste.

  This method calculates the area of the waste that overhangs and falls from the outlet of the dust collector. Overhanging waste may be temporarily retained at the outlet of the dust collector. There is a problem that the waste falling along the surface layer of the staying waste can not be recognized by the binarization of the image, and the supply amount can not be accurately grasped. For example, when there is white dust of the same color on a white futon, the white futon stays, and the white rubbish is falling on it, it is not possible to detect the falling rubbish. In image information acquired by a television camera, such as color and luminance, it is not possible to distinguish between falling dust and non-falling dust that have the same image information (same color, same luminance, etc.). In the case of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-356334, in the case of dust of the same color, it is not possible to distinguish between falling dust and non-falling dust. In the case of waste of the same color, no consideration is given to separately recognizing falling waste and non-falling waste. As a result, the amount of waste can not be accurately calculated.

JP 2000-356334 A

  One aspect of the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and the purpose thereof is to calculate the supply amount of waste more accurately by separately recognizing the falling waste and the non-falling waste. It is to provide a waste incinerator that can be done.

  In order to solve the above problems, in the first embodiment, a burning unit capable of burning waste, a waste supply unit for supplying the waste to the burning unit, and the burning unit from the waste supply unit And a separate recognition unit capable of individually recognizing the plurality of wastes supplied to the plurality of separately recognized wastes, non-retaining wastes falling to the combustion unit and falling to the combustion unit It has a configuration called a waste incinerator characterized in that it does not contain stagnant waste.

  In this embodiment, since it has an individual recognition unit that separately recognizes non-dwelling waste falling to the burning part and staying waste not dropped to the burning part, it is combined with the conventional technology such as, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-356334. At times, it is possible to calculate the amount of only non-retained waste that falls into the burning part. As a result, the waste supply amount can be calculated more accurately. For example, only the non-dwelling waste is individually recognized and selected from the image information output by the television camera, and the method of calculating the area of the waste shown in JP-A-2000-356334 is applied to the selected non-dwelling waste. The amount of waste can be calculated. Here, in the case of the present embodiment, the amount of waste is the product of the area or volume of the waste and the falling speed of the waste. In addition, since the fall speed of refuse is in a certain range, when it is considered to be constant, the amount of refuse is the area or volume of refuse. The area or volume of the waste is the projected area of the outer surface of the waste or the volume of the outer surface of the waste viewed from a means for measuring the waste such as a television camera.

In addition, the amount of non-resident waste can also be calculated by a method different from Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-356334 by combining the individual recognition unit with a method described below that does not use image information output from a television camera.

  In the second aspect, the individual recognition unit includes a distance measurement unit, and the distance measurement unit is a distance between the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit and the distance measurement unit. The individual recognition unit has a processing unit, and the processing unit changes the distance of the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit with the passage of time. The waste incineration apparatus according to the first aspect is characterized in that the waste to be collected is recognized as the non-dwelling waste, and the distance not changing as the distance is recognized as the staying waste; There is.

  In the third aspect, the waste incineration device according to the first or second aspect is characterized by comprising a falling amount calculating portion for calculating the amount of the non-dwelling waste recognized by the individual recognizing portion. .

  In the fourth aspect, the amount of waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit is set so that the amount of non-retention waste is constant based on the calculated amount of non-retention waste. A configuration of a waste incinerator according to a third aspect characterized by having a first supply control unit to be controlled is adopted.

  In the fifth aspect, the dust supply unit is disposed following the dust collector that sends the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit and the dust collector, And a scraper that scrapes the waste sent by a dust collector and sends it to the combustion unit, and the first supply control unit controls the dust collector and / or the scraper. The waste incineration apparatus according to the fourth aspect is configured to control an amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit.

  According to a sixth aspect, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, a retention amount calculation portion calculating the retention amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply portion to the combustion portion is provided. It has a configuration called a waste incinerator.

  In the present embodiment, it is possible to grasp the retention amount of the waste supplied to the combustion unit. The retention amount of the waste is the sum of the amount of non-retaining waste whose falling speed is equal to or less than a predetermined value and the amount of staying waste. By grasping the retention amount of waste, control of the waste supply unit can be changed according to the retention amount of waste. Since the amount of stagnant waste, that is, the amount of stagnation of waste at the outlet of the waste supply portion can be reduced, combustion can be further stabilized. The reason is that the amount of stagnant waste can be reduced, so that the destabilization of combustion due to sudden drop of the stagnant waste can be reduced.

  The shape, material, and size of the waste are various, and various things are entangled, and temporary retention of waste occurs at the outlet of the waste supply unit (the outlet of the dust collector). As a result, the retention amount of the waste supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator or the like fluctuates, which is a factor that hinders the stabilization of the combustion. The present embodiment further stabilizes the combustion.

  In a seventh aspect, based on the calculated retention amount, the dust supply unit is controlled to reduce the retention amount when the retention amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount determined in advance. The waste incineration apparatus according to the sixth aspect is characterized in that the apparatus has a supply control unit.

In the eighth aspect, the dust supply unit is disposed following the dust collector that sends the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and the dust collector. And a scraper that scrapes the waste sent by a dust collector and sends it to the combustion unit, and the second supply control unit controls the dust collector and / or the scraper. According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a refuse incinerator according to the seventh aspect, characterized in that the amount of the refuse supplied from the refuse supply unit to the combustion unit is controlled.

  In a ninth aspect, the necessary amount of secondary air necessary for the combustion of the non-retaining waste is calculated based on the calculated amount of the non-retaining waste, and the secondary supplied to the combustion unit is calculated. A configuration is provided as a waste incinerator according to any one of the third to eighth aspects, characterized by comprising an air control unit that controls the supply amount of air.

  In a tenth aspect, the waste incineration device generates floating combustion based on a speed calculation unit that calculates the falling speed of the non-dwelling waste identified by the staying identification unit, and the calculated falling speed. It has a determination unit that determines presence or absence, and a stirring unit that stirs the waste in a waste pit that supplies waste to the waste supply unit when the determination unit determines that floating combustion is occurring. The configuration is any one of the first to ninth forms of waste incinerators characterized in that.

  In the present embodiment, it is possible to calculate the falling speed of non-dwelling waste. For example, the presence or absence of floating combustion can be determined from the falling speed of non-dwelling waste. In the case of the determination result that floating combustion has occurred, or in the case of the determination result that there is a high possibility that floating combustion will occur, the waste supply unit is agitated based on the determination result. Agitation mixes the light waste with the heavy waste, and the waste gets heavier on average. The falling speed of non-dwelling waste is increased, and the generation of unburned matter can be reduced. This is due to the following reasons.

  The shape, material, and size of the waste are various, and various things are entangled, which is a factor that hinders the stabilization of the combustion. In particular, when easily floating waste is supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator, the light waste does not burn in the hearth and tends to burn above the hearth (free board). The hearth is at a high temperature, the freeboard is at a relatively low temperature, and incomplete combustion is likely to occur. Therefore, there is a problem that generation of unburned components increases.

  In an eleventh aspect, the refuse incineration device includes a non-combustible material identification unit for identifying non-combustible material, and a non-combustible material amount calculation unit for calculating the amount of the non-combustible material identified. It has a configuration of one of the 10 types of waste incinerators.

  In the present embodiment, the amount of noncombustible material can be calculated. Excessive accumulation of non-combustible material in the hearth causes poor flow of the fluid medium in the hearth. The fluid medium is for transferring heat to the waste, and due to the poor flow of the fluid medium, the heat is not transferred to the waste, and incomplete combustion is likely to occur. For this reason, it is necessary to withdraw nonflammable materials from the hearth during operation. When extracting noncombustibles from the fluid bed incinerator, the fluid medium withdrawn simultaneously is returned to the fluid bed incinerator again. When returned, the fluid medium passes through piping provided outside the combustion furnace. At that time, heat is generated from the fluid medium, and the fluid medium is cooled. The fluidizing medium also has a heat storage function to maintain the hearth at a high temperature. Since the fluid medium is cooled, the thermal efficiency of the fluid bed incinerator decreases, which causes the efficiency of power generation using waste heat to decrease. According to the present embodiment, since the amount of the fluid medium to be extracted can be reduced, the heat loss can be reduced and the power generation efficiency can be increased.

In a twelfth aspect, the waste incineration device is a fluid bed incinerator, and the waste incineration device extracts the amount of fluid medium to be discharged from the fluid bed incinerator based on the calculated amount of non-combustible material. A configuration as a refuse incinerator according to an eleventh aspect characterized by having an extraction amount calculation unit to calculate is employed.

  In a thirteenth aspect, the refuse incineration device is a fluidized bed incinerator, wherein the refuse incineration device according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects.

  In a fourteenth aspect, the refuse incineration device is a stoker furnace, wherein the refuse incineration device according to any one of the eleventh to eleventh aspects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the fluidized bed incinerator concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the refuse supply part of the fluidized bed incinerator concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the top view which looked at a dust supply screw from upper direction. It is a figure explaining the calculation method of volume.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the same or corresponding members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted. As one embodiment of the present invention, an example in which the present invention is applied to a waste incineration apparatus having a fluidized bed incinerator is shown in FIG. The present invention can also be applied to, for example, a waste incinerator having a stoker furnace other than the fluidized bed incinerator.

  A fluidized bed incinerator 20 of the refuse incineration apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a fluidized bed portion 21 and a freeboard portion 22. In the fluidized bed portion 21, pressurized fluid air is supplied from the lower part of silica sand or the like (fluid medium), and the accumulated silica sand or the like flows to form a fluidized bed. The waste burns in the fluidized bed portion 21. Since the burning reaction of the waste is not completed in the fluidized bed 21, the secondary air is supplied to the freeboard 22 provided on the upper part of the fluidized bed 21, and the unburned matter is completely burned. The fluidized bed portion 21 and the freeboard portion 22 constitute a burning portion capable of burning waste. In the fluidized bed incinerator 20, combustion is controlled by controlling the amount of fluid air, the amount of secondary air, and the amount of waste supplied from the dust collector.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an entire configuration of an incinerator 100 equipped with a fluidized bed incinerator. As illustrated, a dust collector 10 equipped with a dust collecting screw 11 is used as a waste transfer mechanism. The dust collector 10 sends the refuse supplied from the hopper 12 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20. The waste 13 introduced into the hopper 12 is transferred to a dust collecting screw 11 driven by an electric motor 14. The waste 13 is further crushed by the scraping screw 16 of the crushing discharger 15 installed at the discharge portion of the dust collector 10. After that, it is supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 through the chute portion 17 which is a charging passage. The hopper 12 and the dust collector 10 constitute a waste supply unit for supplying waste to the combustion unit. The crushing discharger 15 is a scraper which is disposed following the dust collector 10 and scrapes the waste sent by the dust collector 10 and sends it to the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

  The fluidized bed incinerator 20 includes a fluidized medium extracting device 23 and the like in addition to the fluidized bed unit 21 and the freeboard unit 22. Fluidized air is supplied to the fluidized bed portion 21 from the blower 31 via the control valve 32, and secondary air is supplied to the freeboard portion 22 from the blower 33 via the control valve 34. The waste introduced into the fluidized bed incinerator 20 through the chute portion 17 burns, and the combustion gas passes through the boiler 35 for heat recovery. Thereafter, the combustion gas passes through the bag filter 36 to remove dust and is released from the chimney 37 to the atmosphere.

  The distance measuring unit 42 installed at a position where the chute unit 17 which is the discharge unit of the dust collector 10 and the waste passage is included in the field of vision (the position where the waste falling the chute unit 17 enters the field of vision) The incinerator 20 is provided. The distance measuring unit 42 can measure the distance between the dust supplied from the dust collector 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and the distance measuring unit 42. The processing unit 70 receives the measured distance. The processing unit 70 recognizes the boundary between continuous data and non-continuous data as the boundary of the dust among the dust supplied from the dust collector 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 based on the input distance. . Discontinuous data refers to, for example, the distance between the dust and the distance measuring unit 42 when the dust is observed from the distance measuring unit 42 because there is a step in the shape of the dust when the dust is viewed from the distance measuring unit 42. Refers to data in which the distance between them becomes discontinuous.

  When the distance to the waste recognized as a boundary line changes with the passage of time, the waste is recognized as non-dwelling waste, and the distance does not change with the passage of time by recognizing the waste as staying waste Recognize non-dwelling waste and staying waste. Among the plurality of wastes supplied from the dust collector 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20, the distance measuring unit 42 and the processing unit 70 are non-dwelling wastes falling to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and the fluidized bed incinerator An individual recognition unit capable of individually recognizing stagnant waste that does not fall to 20 is configured. The plurality of wastes that are individually recognized include non-dwelling waste that falls into the combustion unit and stagnant waste that does not fall into the combustion unit. Details of the distance measuring unit 42 and the processing unit 70 will be described later.

  Information on the non-retained waste recognized by the processing unit 70 is sent to the processing device 43. In the dust fall amount calculation unit 43a of the processing device 43, the fall amount of non-dwelling wastes identified by the individual recognition unit is calculated. The calculation result is output to the control unit 39. In addition, the waste heat amount calculation unit 43b is provided in the latter stage of the waste drop amount calculation unit 43a, and the waste drop amount calculation unit 43a and the waste heat amount calculation unit 43b calculate the drop amount of waste and the heat generation amount of waste, The calculation result may be output to the control unit 39.

  The control unit 39 controls the rotational speed of the motor 14 driving the dust collecting screw 11 via the rotational speed control device 40 based on the output of the drop amount calculation unit 43a. Further, the control unit 39 controls the number of revolutions of the motor 18 for driving the scraping screw 16 of the crushing and discharging machine 15 to a predetermined number of revolutions, based on the output of the falling amount calculating unit 43a. The control unit 39 controls the input amount of the waste 13 so that the amount of non-dwelling waste becomes constant by the rotation speed control of the electric motor 14 and the rotation speed control of the electric motor 18.

  Details of the distance measurement unit 42 and the processing unit 70 will be described. The distance measuring unit 42 can use any type of device as long as it can measure the distance between the dust supplied from the dust collector 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and the distance measuring unit 42. . For example, there is a method of acquiring three-dimensional distance information called TOF method (Time Of Flight). According to the TOF method, three-dimensional distance information is acquired stereoscopically and in real time, for example, at 50 FPS (frames per second). It is possible to acquire various information in the imaging space such as depth, height, shape, and positional relationship to the object.

  In the TOF method, a high-speed light source such as an LED or a laser and a CMOS image sensor for acquiring distance image data are used. A distance image is acquired by measuring in real time, for example, the time during which light projected from a high-speed light source to dust etc. strikes dust etc. and returns. Thereby, the obtained information is output simultaneously with measuring the target object in three dimensions. The light to be projected flashes rapidly in a pulsed manner. A distance image camera using a CMOS image sensor measures distance by measuring the degree of phase delay of light reflected from dust or the like using a phase difference method.

The phase difference method has a distance of 0 m, and the phase delay of the reflected light (that is, the phase difference with the projected light) is 0 °.
It takes advantage of the fact that the greater the phase difference, the greater the distance. It is assumed that light delayed by one pulse has a phase difference of 360 °. For example, it is assumed that the reflected light received with a half pulse delay has a phase difference of 180 °. The method of measuring the phase difference performs light reception while shifting the phase little by little with respect to the phase of the light projection pulse. For example, light reception is performed with phase differences of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °. The charges received in each phase are accumulated and averaged, and their changes are compared. In the case of phase differences of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °, the four values obtained are added and divided by four.

  For example, the case where light reception is performed with two phase differences of 0 ° and 180 ° will be described. Comparing the output of a pixel (pixel A) detected at a phase difference of 0 ° with that of a pixel (pixel B) detected at a phase difference of 180 °, assuming that dust is at a distance of 0 m from the high-speed light source, , 100% voltage is generated, and no voltage is generated in the pixel B. The output changes as the distance from the high-speed light source increases, and as the distance increases, the output of the pixel set to detect when the phase difference is large increases.

  Since the outputs of the pixels having different phase differences are different, the phase difference is estimated, and the distance is calculated from the phase difference. For example, the output at a phase difference of 270 ° corresponding to an object at a long distance becomes larger as the object is at a longer distance. In practice, only two phase differences can not correspond to all 360 ° phase differences (that is, far distances), so the phase differences of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° are set for each shooting frame. The output of four pixels is compared with one set of four adjacent pixels on the CMOS image sensor to ensure distance measurement accuracy.

  After the three-dimensional distance information between the dust to be measured and the distance measuring unit 42 is acquired by the distance measuring unit 42, the processing unit 70 generates the fluidized bed incinerator 20 from the three-dimensional distance information by the following method. Among the wastes supplied to the waste, the waste whose distance to the distance measuring unit 42 changes with the passage of time is recognized as non-dwelling waste. Specifically, the processing unit 70 subtracts the three-dimensional distance information of one frame before from the three-dimensional distance information of a certain time (takes a difference). In the three-dimensional distance information obtained by subtraction, only moving three-dimensional distance information relating to moving dust, that is, falling dust, indicates a certain value or more. The three-dimensional distance information on the non-moving waste, that is, the non-falling waste has a time change or a slight change, so that the subtraction results in a value of zero or less than a certain value.

  The processing unit 70 recognizes the boundary of the falling waste (non-dwelling waste), that is, the contour of the non-dwelling waste, based on the point indicating the predetermined value or more and the point indicating the predetermined value or less. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, assuming that non-dwelling debris 82 and staying debris 80 are present, the processing unit 70 can recognize the contour of the non-dwelling debris 82 viewed from the direction of the distance measurement unit 42.

  The processing unit 70 sends, to the processing device 43, the three-dimensional distance information of the non staying dust 82 whose outline has been recognized. An example of the processing flow of the non-dwelling refuse 82 by the drop amount calculation unit 43a in the processing device 43 is shown below. The calculation of the volume in the contour is performed as shown in FIG. 4 for each of the non-dwelling debris 82 for which the contour has been recognized. FIG. 4 shows the case where the non-dwelling waste 82 is recognized as a rectangular solid from the three-dimensional distance information of the non-dwelling waste 82. The z-axis is the gravity direction, the x-axis and the y-axis are horizontal. In FIG. 4, x, y, and z are the lengths of non-dwelling debris 82 in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions, respectively. The x-axis, y-axis and z-axis constitute a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system. In the case of FIG. 4, the volume of non-dwelling debris 82 is calculated as x × y × z.

The falling amount calculating unit 43 a may obtain the volume by approximating a cylinder, a prism, a cone, a pyramid, or the like as the shape of the non-dwelling refuse 82. Alternatively, the volume may be finely divided into three-dimensional elements based on the three-dimensional distance information of the non-dwelling refuse 82, and three-dimensional volume integration may be performed by approximate calculation. Next, with respect to the three-dimensional distance information at a certain time and the non-dwelling dust 82 photographed after one frame of the three-dimensional distance information, an object whose feature is most similar is treated as the same non-dwelling dust 82. For example, processing is performed such that those closest in volume are regarded as the same. This is because when there is a plurality of non-dwelling debris 82 in the acquired three-dimensional distance information, it is necessary to distinguish the individual non-dwelling debris 82 and calculate the falling speed and the like.

  Next, the calculated difference is multiplied by the difference in the position of each non-dwelling waste 82, ie, the movement distance. This is because the product of the volume and the movement distance is considered to be the amount of non-dwelling waste 82. The sum of the product of the volume and the movement distance, that is, the sum of the amount of non-dwelling debris 82 is determined. The drop amount calculation unit 43a outputs a digitized signal of the amount of dropped dust to the control unit 39.

  The falling speed is the vertical downward speed of the position of the center of gravity of each non-dwelling refuse 82, which can be calculated as the movement distance per unit time. In the present embodiment, the amount of waste is the sum of the product of the volume of the area surrounded by the contour measured by the distance measuring unit 42 and the falling speed for the non-dwelling waste 82 having a speed equal to or higher than a predetermined falling speed. It is. If it is considered that the range in which the falling speed of the non-retaining dust 82 fluctuates is narrow, the amount of the dust is measured by the contour measured by the distance measuring unit 42 for the non-dwelling dust 82 having a speed equal to or higher than a predetermined dropping speed. The sum of the volumes of the enclosed regions may be used.

  In the present embodiment, the control unit 39 is supplied from the dust collector 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 so that the amount of non-retaining waste becomes constant based on the calculated amount of non-retaining waste 82. It is a first supply control unit and a second supply control unit that control the amount of waste. The control unit 39 controls the dust collector 10 and / or the remover to control the amount of waste supplied from the dust collector 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20. Further, the control unit 39 controls the control valve 32 and the control valve 34 to control the amount of combustion air. The first supply control unit and the second supply control unit may be separately provided.

The motor 18 for driving the scraping screw 16 of the crushing discharger 15 is inverter controlled by the inverter board 45. In addition, a cylinder 41 for moving the rotational shaft of the scraping screw 16 and a hydraulic device 44 are provided, and the hydraulic shaft 44 can adjust the rotational shaft position of the scraping screw 16. The rotational shaft position of the scraping screw 16 is adjusted through the hydraulic device 44 and the cylinder 41 based on the command of the control unit 39, and the displacement amount is detected by the shaft displacement sensor 46 and fed back to the control unit 39. It has become.

  The control unit 39 controls the number of rotations of the scraper so as to make the amount of non-dwelling waste 82 constant based on the calculated amount of non-dwelling waste 82. The relationship between the amount of non-dwelling waste 82 and the number of revolutions of the removing device to be set can be obtained in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the past operation data of the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the dust collector 10 is provided with two parallel and reverse-threaded dust collecting screws 11, and the distance between the axes can be adjusted. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the dust collecting screw 11 as viewed from above. The position of one screw 11 a is fixed with respect to the dust collector 10. The screw 11a is rotated by the motor 14a. The other screw 11 b is installed on the base 72. The base 72 is installed on the base of the incinerator 100 via a guide rail (not shown). The base 72 can be moved along the guide rails in a direction 74 approaching the screw 11a and in a direction 76 away from the screw 11a by means of a cylinder and a hydraulic device (not shown).

  The control unit 39 can adjust the position of the screw 11 b by a hydraulic device. The rotational shaft position of the screw 11 b is adjusted through the hydraulic device and the cylinder based on the command of the control unit 39, and the displacement amount is detected by the shaft displacement sensor 78 and is fed back to the control unit 39.

The control unit 39 controls the number of rotations of the dust collector 10 so as to make the supply amount of the waste 13 constant based on the calculated amount of the non-dwelling waste 82. When the supply amount of the waste 13 is equal to or less than the set value, the rotation number of the dust collector 10 is increased, and when it is equal to or more than the setting, the rotation number of the dust collector 10 is decreased.

  The control unit 39 calculates the necessary amount of secondary air based on the calculated amount of non-retention waste 82, adjusts the control valve 34, and controls the amount of secondary air. The relationship between the secondary air amount and the opening degree of the control valve 34 to be set can be obtained in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the past operation data of the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

  Next, control of the dust collection system based on the amount of retained dust will be described. The control unit 39 extends the screw shaft distance of the dust collecting device to increase the filling rate in the dust collecting device, when the amount of the dust retaining amount becomes more than a predetermined amount, based on the calculated amount of dust retention. Drop down the accumulated waste.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the retention amount of the waste is the sum of the amount of the retention waste 80 measured in the distance measurement unit 42 and the amount of the non-retention waste 82 whose falling speed is less than or equal to a certain amount. The processing apparatus 43 can obtain | require the retention amount of refuse, for example as follows. In the method of determining the “amount of non-dwelling waste 82 whose falling speed is not less than a predetermined amount”, the amount of non-dwelling waste 82 whose falling speed is not more than a certain amount is determined Obtained by

  The amount of stagnant waste 80 can be determined as follows. Three-dimensional distance information between the entire waste and the distance measurement unit 42 (this is three-dimensional distance information about the whole of equipment, non-dwelling waste 82, and staying dust 80. "Overall information" is called distance measurement) After being acquired by the unit 42, the processing unit 70 can recognize the contour of the non-dwelling dust 82 by the method described above. In addition, the processing unit 70 previously acquires and stores three-dimensional distance information on the background of the dust (that is, three-dimensional distance information on the fixed equipment: called “background information”). The “background information” is subtracted from the “overall information”, and the area surrounded by the non-dwelling debris 82 is excluded from the calculation. The non-zero three-dimensional distance information in the remaining area is the three-dimensional distance information on the staying waste 80. From this information, the volume is determined in the same manner as in the case of the non-dwelling waste 82. The volume is the amount of staying waste 80.

  The relationship between the amount of retained dust and the screw shaft distance of the dust collection device to be set can be obtained in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the past operation data of the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

  The control unit 39 increases the number of revolutions of the cleaning device or sets the cleaning device closer to the dust collecting device when the amount of retention of the garbage reaches a predetermined level or more based on the calculated residence amount of the garbage. Control to scrape off. The relationship between the amount of retained dust and the number of revolutions of the remover to be set can be determined in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the past operation data of the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

  Next, control regarding the presence or absence of the occurrence of floating combustion will be described. As described above, the processing device 43 has the function of the speed calculation unit that calculates the falling speed of the non-dwelling dust 82 recognized by the distance measurement unit 42 and the processing unit 70. The processor 43 determines the presence or absence of floating combustion from the falling speed. Based on the calculated falling speed, the processing device 43 (determination unit) determines the presence or absence of floating combustion. For example, the amount of non-dwelling refuse 82 whose drop speed is slower than free fall is calculated. When this amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the processing device 43 determines that floating combustion has occurred.

The incinerator 100 stirs the waste contained in the waste pit 84 that supplies waste to the dust collector 10 when the treatment device 43 determines that floating combustion is occurring. Have. The waste 13 is conveyed by the crane 88 from the waste pit 84 to the agitator 86 under the control of the control unit 39. After being placed in the agitator 86 and stirred, the waste 13 is returned to the waste pit 84. The crane 88 can also transport the stirred waste 13 from the waste pit 84 to the hopper 12.

  The reason for placing in the stirrer 86 and stirring is as follows. There are a wide variety of shapes, materials and sizes of waste, and various things are entangled, which is a factor that hinders the stabilization of combustion. In particular, when waste that easily floats is supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator 20, it does not burn in the fluidized bed portion 21 and is easily burned in the freeboard portion 22, and there is a problem that generation of unburned matter increases. Therefore, the presence or absence of floating combustion is determined from the falling speed of the waste, and the waste pit 84 is stirred based on the determination result. Stirring can reduce the generation of unburned components.

  Next, control regarding the amount of withdrawal of the fluid medium based on the amount of noncombustible material will be described. First, identification of the amount of incombustible materials and calculation of the amount of incombustible materials will be described. The waste incineration apparatus 100 can have an imaging camera 90 that performs color imaging to identify noncombustibles, and a processing unit 70 that performs processing to identify noncombustibles from the captured color image. The imaging camera 90 and the processing unit 70 constitute a non-combustible object identification unit. The processing device 43 (noncombustible substance amount calculation unit) calculates the amount of the identified noncombustible substance. The processing device 43 is also a removal amount calculation unit that calculates the removal amount of the fluid medium to be discharged from the fluid bed incinerator based on the calculated non-combustible material amount.

  Identification of incombustibles is performed as follows. Below, the case where the non-combustible substance is metal will be described. Even when the non-combustible substance is other than metal, it can be identified by the similar method based on the characteristics such as the shape or color of the non-combustible substance.

When the incombustible substance is metal, it identifies by the brightness. The imaging camera 90 captures a two-dimensional, that is, planar color moving image represented by three colors of red (Red), green (Green), and blue (Blue). The imaging camera 90 may not be capable of acquiring three-dimensional distance information. The processing unit 70 calculates the luminance from the photographed color image. The luminance is calculated from each component of RGB by the following equation.
Brightness = 0.299 x R + 0.587 x G + 0.114 x B
Here, the luminance is a luminance in the Munsell color system which expresses a color by three attributes of color (hue, lightness, saturation). The luminance in another color system may be adopted as the luminance. Also, the luminance may be calculated by an equation different from the above equation.

  The processing unit 70 recognizes dust whose calculated luminance falls within a certain range as metal dust having a metallic gloss, and distinguishes metal dust from other objects (that is, those which are similar to a certain amount or more) , Different from other objects). The range of luminance values that determines whether or not it is metal may be determined by learning, that is, past data. The line connecting the points where the difference in luminance can be recognized (points on the boundary between metal dust and non-metal dust) is the outline of the metal.

  The processor 43 determines the area or volume of the area enclosed by the contour. The area can be determined only from the contour. Using the information of the distance measuring unit 42, the volume can also be determined. The amount of the identified non-combustible material may be calculated from only the area, that is, the sum of the areas as the amount of non-combustible material, or the amount of non-combustible material may be calculated from the volume. The use of volume can more accurately calculate the amount of noncombustibles. In addition, when calculating the amount of incombustible material, as described above, the velocity of the incombustible material may be taken into consideration. That is, the product of the area or volume of the incombustible substance and the velocity of the incombustible substance may be the amount of the incombustible substance.

In addition, when a specific metal has a specific color, the metal can be identified from the information on the color.
Specifically, the imaging camera 90 captures a moving image of a color represented by three colors of red (Red), green (Green), and blue (Blue). The processing unit 70 recognizes that each component of RGB for each pixel is within a certain range of values as metallic gloss, and distinguishes metal from other objects. The range of values of each component of RGB to determine whether it is metal or not is determined by learning, that is, past data. The line connecting the points (points on the boundary between metal and nonmetal) that can be recognized between adjacent RGB components is the metal outline.

  The processing device 43 (extraction amount calculation unit) calculates the extraction amount of the fluid medium to be discharged from the fluidized bed incinerator 20 based on the calculated amount of noncombustible material. The relationship between the calculated amount of non-combustible material and the amount of withdrawal of the fluid medium can be obtained in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the past operation data of the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

  The control unit 39 controls the fluid medium extraction device 23 based on the calculated extraction amount. The control of the fluid medium extraction device 23 is control of the operation time and operation start timing of the fluid medium extraction device 23. By operating the fluid medium extracting device 23, the fluid medium is extracted. The relationship between the calculated extraction amount and the operation control to be set can be obtained in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the past operation data of the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

  Extraction of the fluid medium is performed as follows. Extraction of the fluid medium is performed by means of a fluid medium extractor 23 installed at the bottom of the fluid bed incinerator 20. The fluid medium extraction device 23 is provided in the fluid bed incinerator 20 in order to continuously or intermittently take out non-combustible materials such as glass, metal pieces, pottery and the like remaining in the furnace to the outside of the furnace. The non-combustible matter is once discharged out of the furnace together with the fluid medium, and only the non-combustible material is sieved by the classifier, and the fluid medium is circulated again into the furnace by the fluid medium circulation device (not shown). This allows a good fluidization condition to be maintained.

  The operation of the fluid medium extraction device 23 will be further described. The mixture of the incombustible material and the fluid medium, which has fallen from the incombustible material discharge port (not shown) provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed incinerator 20, is transferred to the classifier. The fluid medium extraction device 23 of the present embodiment has a screw pusher, and moves the mixture dropped from the incombustible material discharge port to the classifier by the screw pusher. The classifier separates the fluid medium from the mixture sent from the fluid medium extractor 23. The classifier of this embodiment separates the fluid medium from the mixture by a sieve. The fluid medium circulation device transports the fluid medium separated in the classifier to the upper part of the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and inserts the fluid medium into the fluidized bed incinerator 20 from the upper part. When the fluid medium is withdrawn, the screw pusher is operated. When the fluid medium is not withdrawn, the screw pusher is stopped.

  As mentioned above, although the example of the embodiment of the present invention has been described, the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. The present invention can be modified and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention naturally includes the equivalents thereof. In addition, any combination or omission of each component described in the claims and the specification is possible within a range in which at least a part of the above-mentioned problems can be solved, or in a range that exerts at least a part of the effect. It is.

Claims (14)

A combustion unit capable of burning waste,
A waste supply unit for supplying the waste to the combustion unit;
An individual recognition unit capable of individually recognizing a plurality of the wastes supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit;
The waste incinerator characterized in that the plurality of wastes recognized individually include non-retaining wastes falling to the combustion part and staying wastes not falling to the combustion part. The individual recognition unit has a distance measurement unit, and the distance measurement unit can measure the distance between the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit and the distance measurement unit.
The individual recognition unit includes a processing unit, and the processing unit is configured to select the dust whose distance changes with the passage of time among the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the waste is recognized as staying waste, and the waste whose distance does not change with time is recognized as the staying waste.   The waste incineration device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a falling amount calculating unit that calculates the amount of the non-dwelling waste recognized by the individual recognition unit.   A first supply for controlling the amount of waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit so that the amount of non-retention waste becomes constant based on the calculated amount of non-retention waste The waste incineration apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a control unit. The dust supply unit is disposed following the dust collector that sends the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is disposed following the dust collector, and is sent by the dust collector. And a scraper that scrapes the waste and sends it to the combustion unit,
The first supply control unit controls the dust collector and / or the scraper to control the amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit. Section 4 waste incinerator.   The refuse incineration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a retention amount calculation unit that calculates the retention amount of the refuse supplied from the refuse supply unit to the combustion unit.   It has a second supply control unit which controls the waste supply unit to reduce the retention amount when the retention amount is equal to or more than a predetermined amount determined in advance based on the calculated retention amount. The waste incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that. The dust supply unit is disposed following the dust collector that sends the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is disposed following the dust collector, and is sent by the dust collector. And a scraper that scrapes the waste and sends it to the combustion unit,
The second supply control unit controls the dust collector and / or the scraper to control the amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit. The waste incinerator according to Item 7.   Based on the calculated amount of non-retention waste, the necessary amount of secondary air necessary for burning the non-retention waste is calculated to control the amount of supply of the secondary air supplied to the combustion unit A waste incinerator according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that it comprises an air control unit.   The waste incineration device determines a presence or absence of floating combustion based on the calculated falling speed and a speed calculating unit that calculates the falling speed of the non-dwelling waste recognized by the individual recognition unit. And a stirring unit for stirring the waste in the waste pit that supplies the waste to the waste supply unit when the determination unit determines that floating combustion is occurring. The waste incinerator according to any one of Items 11 to 9.   11. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising: a non-combustible material identification unit for identifying non-combustible material; and a non-combustible material amount calculation unit for calculating the amount of the non-combustible material identified. Waste incinerator described in Section.   The waste incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator, and the waste incinerator calculates the amount of fluid medium to be discharged from the fluidized bed incinerator based on the calculated amount of non-combustible material. The waste incinerator according to claim 11, characterized in that it has a part.   The said refuse incineration apparatus is a fluidized bed incinerator, The refuse incineration apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 11 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The said refuse incineration apparatus is a stoker furnace, The refuse incineration apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 11 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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