JP6436308B2 - Waste treatment apparatus and method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus and method.

  Conventionally, in a waste incinerator, since the properties of the waste to be input fluctuate, even if automatic combustion control is performed, the gas temperature, composition, and the like fluctuate. As a result, the operation of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating harmful substances in the exhaust gas is adversely affected. In order to eliminate such influences, it is common to perform agitation with a crane in a waste receiving pit.

  Furthermore, a technique may be employed in which the waste in the waste receiving pit is crushed, stored in the crushed waste pit, and the crushed waste is stirred and mixed with a crane and then put into an incinerator. As a result, the properties of the crushed waste stored are made uniform, but if the properties of the crushed waste that is subsequently supplied to the crushed waste pit are significantly different, the properties are sufficiently uniform. It is not necessarily converted.

  In Patent Document 1, in a fluidized bed incinerator, while the waste reaches the furnace from the furnace inlet, the waste is crushed and then the moisture concentration of the crushed waste is measured with an infrared moisture meter. Based on the above, combustion control is performed to determine the reference value and control range of the secondary combustion air, so that combustion according to the properties of the waste is performed.

  However, before putting the waste into the incinerator, the properties of the crushed waste, especially the calorific value, are continuously analyzed, and the crushed waste is heated to a predetermined value (width) before the crushed waste is removed. The introduction into the furnace is preferable from the viewpoint of simplifying the control in the furnace, but such a technique is not found.

JP 2000-283444 A

  However, as previously tried, if the crushed waste is stirred and mixed before being put into the furnace, although temporarily, the physical properties such as the size of the crushed waste are relatively uniform, If there are fluctuations in properties that change the calorific value that is greatly involved in combustion control, this affects fluctuations in the gas temperature, composition, etc. in the incinerator. Therefore, even if crushing, the operation of the incinerator may not be performed stably.

  According to Patent Document 1, when the calorific value of the crushed waste fluctuates, it becomes a countermeasure after the crushed waste is put into the furnace, so that the combustion control becomes complicated and the effect is limited. There is.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention makes it possible to put the crushed waste into the furnace as a precaution before putting the crushed waste into the furnace as a precaution. It is an object to provide a waste treatment apparatus and method.

  In order to solve the problems, the present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus and method, and is configured as follows.

<Waste treatment equipment>
A crusher for crushing waste, a crushing waste pit for temporary storage in preparation for supplying crushing waste to a waste treatment furnace, and a conveying means for conveying crushing waste from a crusher to a crushing waste pit In a waste treatment apparatus comprising:
A moisture concentration meter for measuring the moisture concentration of the crushed waste being conveyed by the conveying means;
An arithmetic unit that receives the measurement signal from the moisture concentration meter and calculates the calorific value of the crushed waste;
Branching a plurality of sub-chutes with switching valves that can be inserted corresponding to each of the plurality of compartment storage areas formed in the crushing waste pit, and select crushing waste from the transport means A chute that is thrown into the corresponding compartment storage area from
In response to the calculated value of the calorific value from the arithmetic unit, a sub-chute switching valve to be put into the compartment storage area corresponding to the calorific value range corresponding to the calculated value among the plurality of different calorific value ranges divided. A control device for switching to open, and
A waste treatment apparatus comprising:

  In the present invention, each sub chute has a measuring means for measuring a parameter proportional to the amount of crushed waste charged from the sub chute, and the switching valve of the control device is set so that the measured value becomes a set value. It is preferable to control the length of opening time.

<Waste treatment method>
In the waste processing method of crushing waste, transporting the crushing waste from the crusher to the crushing waste pit, and temporarily storing it in the crushing waste pit in preparation for supplying the crushing waste to the waste treatment furnace,
Measure the moisture concentration of the crushed waste during transportation,
Calculate the calorific value of the crushed waste in response to the measurement signal from the moisture concentration meter.
In the crushing waste pit, crushing into a compartment storage area corresponding to the calorific value range to which the calculated value belongs, among a plurality of compartment storage areas formed corresponding to each of a plurality of different calorific value ranges. Storing waste,
A waste treatment method characterized by the above.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to measure a parameter proportional to the amount of crushed waste input from each sub chute and control the input amount from each sub chute to each compartment storage area. Examples of the above parameters include the input time in addition to the input weight of the crushed waste from the auxiliary chute. The input weight of the crushing waste from the sub chute is measured by measuring the amount of crushing waste falling in the sub chute with a capacitance flow meter, or by using a weight measurement sensor installed on the sub chute. It can be measured by measuring the weight change of the crushed waste.

  In such an apparatus and method of the present invention, the waste in the waste receiving pit is crushed by a crusher and temporarily stored in the crushed waste pit before being put into the processing furnace. In the process in which the crushed waste is transported from the crusher to the crushed waste pit by the transport means, the moisture concentration is measured by a moisture concentration meter, and the moisture concentration is calculated when the waste to be crushed is burned by the arithmetic unit. The amount of heat generated (the amount of heat generated per weight of the crushed waste) is calculated.

  The crushed waste corresponds to the calorific value of the crushed waste among a plurality of compartment storage areas divided into different calorific value ranges when the moisture concentration is measured and then introduced into the crushed waste pit by a chute. It is thrown into the compartment storage area by the switching operation of the corresponding auxiliary chute switching valve. Thus, the crushed waste is stored in a compartment storage area corresponding to a plurality of different calorific value ranges.

  When supplying the crushed waste to the waste treatment furnace, in order to stabilize the combustion in the furnace by supplying the crushed waste within a predetermined calorific value range, the appropriate compartment storage area among the plurality of compartment storage areas. Is selected, and the crushed waste is appropriately taken out from the selected compartment storage area and supplied to the waste treatment furnace.

  Thus, by appropriately selecting the selected compartment storage area and the supply amount, crushed waste in a predetermined calorific value range can be supplied to the waste treatment furnace, so that combustion in the furnace is stable.

  In the present invention, when each subchute is provided with a weighing means, one of a plurality of compartment storage areas is used as a mixed storage area, and the mixed storage area is used for a predetermined amount of crushed waste in each calorific value range. The mixed crushing waste stored in the mixed storage area is adjusted to a predetermined calorific value range, so that an appropriate amount of crushing waste is taken out from each compartment storage area prior to charging into the furnace, and The work of mixing this can be omitted. It is possible to set the amount of the crushed waste to the mixed storage area to be a predetermined amount by measuring with a measuring means provided on each sub chute.

  From each secondary chute, after a predetermined amount is charged into the mixed storage area, any excess surplus crushed waste is stored in the compartment storage area corresponding to the calorific value of the crushed waste in other compartment storage areas. The

  Since the present invention calculates the calorific value of the crushed waste by measuring the moisture concentration of the crushed waste, and decided to temporarily store the crushed waste in the compartment storage area corresponding to each different calorific value range, It is possible to select an appropriate compartment storage area from a plurality of compartment storage areas formed in the waste pit, take out an appropriate amount of crushed waste, and put it into the furnace. Even if the calorific value of the crushed waste fluctuates, the fluctuation of the calorific value of the waste thrown into the furnace can be suppressed, so that combustion in the furnace can always be stabilized.

It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the crushing waste pit in FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a waste receiving pit that collects and stores collected waste, and the heat generated by the fluctuating waste before being supplied to the processing furnace F that incinerates or melts the waste. Various devices are provided between the waste receiving pit 1 and the processing furnace F in order to perform pretreatment of waste according to the amount.

  A crusher 2 is provided adjacent to the waste receiving pit 1. There is no limitation on the type of the crusher 2. Above the waste pit 1, a crane 3 capable of reciprocating between the waste receiving pit 1 and the crusher 2 is provided, and a bucket 3 </ b> A suspended from the crane 3 is moved up and down. Thus, an appropriate amount of waste in the waste receiving pit 1 is picked up by the bucket 3A and supplied to the crusher 2.

  A sorting device 4 is provided below the crusher 2. In the present invention, the sorting device 4 is not essential, but the waste that does not contribute to combustion is removed from the crushed waste crushed by the crusher 2, and only the combustible material is injected into the furnace to burn in the furnace. In order to be effective, the sorting device 4 is preferably provided.

  The sorting device 4 separates the crushed waste received from the crusher 2 into a metal-containing material and a non-metallic material, and separates the metal-containing material into a metal such as iron or aluminum and a non-metallic material. A metal separator 4B, and a weight separator 4C for weight-selecting non-metals from the metal separator 4A.

  In the metal sorting apparatus 4A, sorting is performed into a metal-containing material mainly composed of metal and a non-metal material, and foreign matters are excluded at that time. In the metal separation device 4B, the metal-containing material sorted by the metal sorting device 4A is further sorted into metal components such as iron and aluminum and other non-metal materials, and the metal components are recovered as resources.

  In the weight sorting device 4C that receives the non-metallic material from the metal sorting device 4A, the weight sorting device 4C sorts into a lightweight material and a heavy material based on the weight of the non-metallic material. Lightweight materials are mainly plastic and paper, and heavy materials are mainly garbage containing moisture.

  Conveying means 5 such as a conveyor is connected to the weight sorting device 4C. The conveying means 5 is configured to convey the crushed waste as a light weight and the crushed waste as a heavy weight to a chute 8 described later. Alternatively, they may be transported together or alternately with a time difference, and further, a light material transport means and a heavy material transport means may be provided separately.

  The transport means 5 is provided with a moisture concentration meter 5A for measuring the moisture concentration of the crushed waste being transported, or close to the transport means 5 itself. The form of the moisture concentration meter 5A is not limited, and for example, an infrared moisture concentration meter or the like can be adopted.

  The moisture concentration meter 5A is connected to an arithmetic device 6. The arithmetic unit 6 stores the relationship between the moisture concentration of the crushed waste and the calorific value at the time of combustion, and calculates the corresponding calorific value based on the measurement value of the moisture concentration meter 5A. ing.

  The arithmetic device 6 is connected to a control device 7 described later.

  The conveying means 5 is connected to the chute 8. The chute 8 has a plurality of sub-chutes 8A, 8B, 8C branched, and switching valves 9A, 9B are provided at the branch positions. The chute 8 receives the crushed waste received from the conveying means 5 from one sub chute selected from the three sub chutes 8A, 8B, 8C by switching the switching valves 9A, 9B according to the heat generation amount. It is supposed to be thrown in. For example, the calorific value range of crushing waste is divided into three calorific value ranges of high, medium, and low calorific value ranges, and switching valves 9A and 9B are switched to crush waste in the high calorific value range. From the sub chute 8A, crushing waste in the middle calorific value range from the sub chute 8B, and crushing waste in the low calorific value range from the sub chute 8C, respectively. The crushed waste pit 10 that receives the crushed waste is divided into, for example, four compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D as seen in FIG. For each of the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C, the compartment storage area 10D has a wide floor area, and the former compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C are crushed in the high, medium, and low calorific value ranges, respectively. The latter compartment storage area 10D is used for stirring and mixing of crushed waste. A low partition wall is provided between each of the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D. However, if the floor area of the crushed waste pit is sufficiently large, the partition wall is not necessary.

  For the crushing waste pit 10 having such compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D, the chute 8 can be used when the crushing waste to be input is in one of the high, middle, and low calorific value ranges. The chute 8A, 8B, 8C is movable so as to be positioned on the corresponding compartment storage area 10A, 10B, 10C. This movement is performed by a command from the control device 7 described later.

  In the control device 7, the calorific value calculated by the calculation device 6 based on the moisture concentration measured by the moisture concentration meter 5A of the crushed waste being conveyed by the conveying means 5 belongs to either the high, medium, or low calorific value range. Is selected, and any of the auxiliary chutes 8A, 8B, and 8C determined for the corresponding calorific value range is selected, and the auxiliary storage is assigned to the corresponding compartment storage area, that is, the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C. In addition, the switching valves 9A and 9B are switched so that the crushed waste is introduced into the corresponding compartment storage area.

  A crane 11 is disposed above the crushing waste pit 10. The crane 11 has a bucket 11A that can be raised and lowered. The crane 11 has a position above each of the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D of the crushing waste pit 10 and a position above the waste hopper F1 for processing waste F input. It is possible to move between.

  Next, the point of use for the apparatus of this embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

  Waste in the waste receiving pit 1 is supplied to the crusher 2 by the crane 3 and crushed. The crushed waste is brought into the sorting device 4, and the non-metallic material after the metals are removed as described above is weight-sorted into light and heavy materials and transported as crushed waste to be incinerated. Is conveyed to the chute 8. The moisture concentration of the crushed waste is measured by the moisture concentration meter 5 </ b> A during conveyance by the conveyance means 5. A measurement result is sent to the arithmetic unit 6, and the measured water concentration is calculated by converting into a calorific value.

  The value of the calorific value calculated by the arithmetic device 6 is sent to the control device 7, and it is determined whether the value belongs to one of a plurality of divided calorific value ranges, that is, a high, medium or low calorific value range. Is done.

  As the first mode, a mode in which the crushed waste is classified and stored in the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C corresponding to the calorific value thereof will be described. One of the secondary chutes 8A, 8B, 8C is selected by the control device 7 as the secondary shoot corresponding to the determined calorific value range of the crushed waste, and the selected secondary chutes are divided into the storage areas 10A, 10B, 10C, the changeover valves 9A and 9B are switched over, and the crushed waste is supplied from the sub chute to the compartment storage area corresponding to the calorific value. Thus, the crushed waste is classified and stored in each of the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C according to the calorific value.

  In the first mode, when the crushed waste is supplied to the processing furnace F, in order to stabilize the combustion in the furnace, the calorific value of the crushed waste supplied within the set time width falls within a predetermined range. As described above, the control device 7 selects a partition storage area corresponding to an appropriate calorific value from the partition storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C, and treats an appropriate amount of crushed waste from the selected partition storage area by the crane 11. Charge to furnace hopper F1. As described above, in the first mode, each of the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C is classified according to the calorific value, and the crushed waste is stored. When the waste is supplied to the processing furnace, the compartment storage area 10A, A compartment storage area corresponding to an appropriate calorific value is selected from 10B and 10C, and then an appropriate amount of crushed waste is taken out and supplied to the processing furnace, and the calorific value of the crushed waste supplied within the set time range is within a predetermined range. I try to fit. Alternatively, the crushed waste may be taken out from the selected compartment storage area in an appropriate amount, and the crushed waste having a different calorific value may be stirred and mixed to be supplied to the processing furnace as crushed waste having a predetermined calorific value.

  As a second mode, a mode will be described in which the crushed waste is supplied to the processing furnace F as a desired calorific value as a whole after the crushed waste is introduced into the mixing storage area 10D and mixed in an appropriate amount corresponding to the calorific value. .

  In the second mode, first, a desired calorific value of the crushed waste supplied to the processing furnace F is set. Crush waste from the secondary chutes 8A, 8B, and 8C corresponding to the divided high, medium, and low calorific values so as to achieve this set calorific value, corresponding to the calorific value, and crushing appropriate amounts to the mixed storage area 10D, respectively. Input waste. The high, medium, and low calorific amount of crushed waste put into the mixed storage area 10D is set to the above-mentioned calorific value as a whole. Since the crushing waste of high, medium and low calorific value in the mixed storage area 10D has a desirable calorific value set as a whole, even if it is supplied as it is to the processing furnace F by the bucket 11A of the crane 11 Alternatively, the mixture may be supplied to the processing furnace F after stirring and mixing by the bucket 11A in the mixing storage area 10D.

  When only one of the high, medium and low calorific values, for example, the high calorific value crushing waste is conveyed from the conveying means 5 to the chute 8 for a long time, the high calorific value crushing waste is A specified amount is introduced from the secondary chute 8A into the mixed storage area 10D, and the surplus after that is moved above the secondary storage area 10A for high calorific crushed waste by moving the secondary chute 8A. Store in 10A. Subsequently, for example, when the medium or low calorific value crushed waste is conveyed from the conveying means 5 to the chute 8, the medium or low calorific value crushed waste is mixed and stored from the auxiliary chute 8B or 8C for them. The crushed waste with high, medium and low calorific value input to the mixed storage area 10D is set to have the above set calorific value as a whole. Also, in the case of crushed waste with medium and low calorific value, as in the case of crushed waste with high calorific value, if there is surplus even if it is put into the mixed storage area 10D, the above-mentioned crushing waste with high calorific value is discarded. As in the case of the surplus of the product, the surplus of the crushed waste having the middle and low calorific value is stored in the corresponding compartment storage areas 10B and 10C. The surplus stored in the compartment storage areas 10A, 10B, and 10C is supplied to the processing furnace F in the first mode described above.

2 Crusher 5 Conveying means 5A Moisture meter 6 Arithmetic device 7 Control device 8 Chute 8A, 8B, 8C Sub chute 9A, 9B Switching valve 10 Crushing waste pits 10A, 10B, 10C Compartment storage area

Claims (4)

A crusher for crushing waste, a crushing waste pit for temporary storage in preparation for supplying crushing waste to a waste treatment furnace, and a conveying means for conveying crushing waste from a crusher to a crushing waste pit In a waste treatment apparatus comprising:
A moisture concentration meter for measuring the moisture concentration of the crushed waste being conveyed by the conveying means;
An arithmetic unit that receives the measurement signal from the moisture concentration meter and calculates the calorific value of the crushed waste;
Branching a plurality of sub-chutes with switching valves that can be inserted corresponding to each of the plurality of compartment storage areas formed in the crushing waste pit, and select crushing waste from the transport means A chute that is thrown into the corresponding compartment storage area from
In response to the calculated value of the calorific value from the arithmetic unit, a sub-chute switching valve to be put into the compartment storage area corresponding to the calorific value range corresponding to the calculated value among the plurality of different calorific value ranges divided. A control device for switching to open, and
A waste treatment apparatus comprising:   Each sub chute has a measuring means for measuring a parameter proportional to the amount of crushed waste charged from the sub chute, and the control valve opens the switching valve so that the measured value becomes a set value. 2. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste treatment apparatus is controlled. In the waste processing method of crushing waste, transporting the crushing waste from the crusher to the crushing waste pit, and temporarily storing it in the crushing waste pit in preparation for supplying the crushing waste to the waste treatment furnace,
Measure the moisture concentration of the crushed waste during transportation,
Calculate the calorific value of the crushed waste in response to the measurement signal from the moisture concentration meter.
In the crushing waste pit, crushing into a compartment storage area corresponding to the calorific value range to which the calculated value belongs, among a plurality of compartment storage areas formed corresponding to each of a plurality of different calorific value ranges. Storing waste,
A waste treatment method characterized by the above.   The waste processing method according to claim 3, wherein a parameter proportional to the amount of crushed waste input from each sub chute is measured, and the input amount from the sub chute to each compartment storage area is controlled.

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