JP4369388B2 - Waste pretreatment method and apparatus - Google Patents

Waste pretreatment method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP4369388B2
JP4369388B2 JP2005100400A JP2005100400A JP4369388B2 JP 4369388 B2 JP4369388 B2 JP 4369388B2 JP 2005100400 A JP2005100400 A JP 2005100400A JP 2005100400 A JP2005100400 A JP 2005100400A JP 4369388 B2 JP4369388 B2 JP 4369388B2
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waste
specific gravity
moisture content
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聡 吉本
静夫 片岡
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Takuma KK
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Takuma KK
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本発明は、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の廃棄物を焼却処理する廃棄物焼却設備と厨芥類や古紙等の有機性廃棄物を発酵させてメタンガスを発生させるバイオガス設備とを併設する廃棄物処理施設に用いられるものであり、前記廃棄物処理施設に搬入された雑多な廃棄物を、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物とに効率良く分離できるようにした廃棄物の前処理方法及びその装置に関するものである。   The present invention provides a waste incineration facility for incinerating waste such as general waste and industrial waste, and a biogas facility for fermenting organic waste such as waste and waste paper to generate methane gas. It is used in a waste treatment facility, and miscellaneous waste brought into the waste treatment facility is efficiently converted into a waste to be incinerated by a waste incineration facility and a waste to be treated by a biogas facility. The present invention relates to a waste pretreatment method and an apparatus for separating the waste.

従来、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の廃棄物は、減容化、無害化、資源化、エネルギーの有効利用等を図るために廃棄物処理施設内の熱分解ガス化溶融設備や焼却設備、バイオガス設備、固形燃料製造設備等で夫々処理されている。その中でも、水分が多くて自燃できない大量の厨芥類を含む廃棄物を処理する場合には、廃棄物中に多量に存在する有機性廃棄物(厨芥類)を発酵させてメタンガスを発生させ、そのメタンガスを利用して発電や熱利用を行うようにしたバイオガス設備が多く採用されつつある。   Conventionally, wastes such as general waste and industrial waste have been decomposed, pyrolyzed, gasified and melted equipment and incineration equipment in waste treatment facilities in order to reduce the volume, make them harmless, recycle resources, and effectively use energy. It is processed in biogas equipment, solid fuel production equipment, etc., respectively. Among them, when processing waste containing a large amount of moss that cannot be self-combusted due to water, fermenting a large amount of organic waste (mosaic) in the waste to generate methane gas, Many biogas facilities that use methane gas for power generation and heat utilization are being adopted.

又、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の廃棄物は、各種設備内のガス化炉や焼却炉、メタン発酵槽、成形機等へ投入する前に予め前処理されている。
例えば、熱分解ガス化溶融設備に於いては、廃棄物の前処理として破砕、乾燥、金属類の除去等を行い、その後廃棄物をガス化炉へ投入して廃棄物の安定供給を行うようにしている(特許文献1参照)。
又、焼却設備に於いては、焼却炉内に一定重量のごみを一定間隔で供給したり、或いはごみ質に応じて一定重量のごみを焼却炉内に供給したりしてごみを安定燃焼させるようにしている(特許文献2及び特許文献3参照)。
更に、バイオガス設備に於いては、生ごみ等の固形有機性廃棄物に混入しているプラスチック類や金属類等のメタン発酵不適物及び堆肥不適物をスクリーンで除去してから固形有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵槽へ投入するようにしている(参考文献4参照)。
そして、固形燃料製造設備に於いては、ごみの破砕及び乾燥、ごみに含まれている金属類等の異物の除去を行った後、ごみを成形機へ投入するようにしている(特許文献5及び特許文献6参照)。
In addition, wastes such as general waste and industrial waste are pretreated before being put into gasification furnaces, incinerators, methane fermentation tanks, molding machines and the like in various facilities.
For example, in a pyrolysis gasification and melting facility, crushing, drying, removing metals, etc. are performed as waste pretreatment, and then the waste is put into a gasification furnace for stable supply of waste. (See Patent Document 1).
In the incineration facility, a constant weight of garbage is supplied into the incinerator at regular intervals, or a constant weight of garbage is supplied into the incinerator according to the quality of the waste to stably burn the garbage. (See Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3).
In addition, in biogas facilities, solid organic waste is removed after removing unsuitable materials for methane fermentation and compost, such as plastics and metals, mixed in solid organic waste such as garbage. A thing is thrown into a methane fermenter (refer to reference 4).
In solid fuel production equipment, after crushing and drying the waste, removing foreign substances such as metals contained in the waste, the waste is put into a molding machine (Patent Document 5). And Patent Document 6).

しかし、上述した廃棄物の前処理は、何れも廃棄物処理施設内の熱分解ガス化溶融設備や焼却設備、バイオガス設備等の単独設備に対する前処理であり、複数の設備に対する共通の前処理にはなっていない。そのため、処理の目的から外れる廃棄物は、最終処分される等、処理効率が決して良いとは言えないものである。又、従来の廃棄物の前処理は、一般廃棄物からバイオガス化用の厨芥類と焼却用の可燃ごみとを分別するものではない。従って、廃棄物の前処理に於いては、複数の設備に対応できる前処理が要望されている。
特開2000−18530号公報 特開昭63−58012号公報 特開平4−39508号公報 特開2002−86111号公報 特開平9−194863号公報 特開2004−24976号公報
However, the above-mentioned waste pretreatment is pretreatment for single equipment such as pyrolysis gasification and melting equipment, incineration equipment, and biogas equipment in the waste treatment facility, and common pretreatment for a plurality of equipment. It is not. For this reason, waste that falls outside the purpose of treatment cannot be said to have good treatment efficiency, such as being finally disposed of. In addition, the conventional pretreatment of waste does not separate the waste for biogasification from combustible waste for incineration from general waste. Therefore, in the waste pretreatment, a pretreatment capable of dealing with a plurality of facilities is desired.
JP 2000-18530 A JP-A 63-58012 JP-A-4-39508 JP 2002-86111 A JP-A-9-194863 JP 2004-24976 A

本発明は、このような問題点に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的は廃棄物焼却設備とバイオガス設備とを併設する廃棄物処理施設に搬入された雑多な廃棄物を、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物とに効率的に分離できるようにした廃棄物の前処理方法及びその装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of such problems. The purpose of the present invention is to dispose of miscellaneous waste that has been carried into a waste treatment facility equipped with waste incineration equipment and biogas equipment as waste. An object of the present invention is to provide a waste pretreatment method and apparatus capable of efficiently separating waste to be incinerated at an incineration facility and waste to be treated at a biogas facility.

上記目的を達成する為に、本発明の請求項1の発明は、供給された廃棄物の重量及び体積と含水率を計測し、前記重量及び体積に基づいて廃棄物のかさ比重を算出し、かさ比重が0.2未満の廃棄物はそのまま廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送し、又、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物はこれに含まれている金属類を選別回収してからバイオガス設備へ搬送し、更に、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物は破砕処理してから軽量物と重量物に分別処理し、その後軽量物はそのまま廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送すると共に、重量物はこれに含まれている金属類を選別回収してからバイオガス設備へ搬送するようにしたことに特徴がある。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 of the present invention measures the weight and volume and water content of the supplied waste, calculates the bulk specific gravity of the waste based on the weight and volume, Wastes with a bulk specific gravity of less than 0.2 are transported directly to a waste incineration facility, and wastes with a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30% or more are treated with the metals contained therein. After sorting and collecting, it is transported to the biogas facility, and waste with a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of less than 30% is crushed and then separated into light and heavy, and then light. The material is transported to the waste incineration facility as it is, and the heavy material is characterized by sorting and collecting the metals contained therein and then transporting it to the biogas facility.

本発明の請求項2の発明は、請求項1の発明に於いて、廃棄物を一定の形に圧縮成形してから廃棄物の重量及び体積と含水率を計測し、前記重量及び体積に基づいて廃棄物のかさ比重を算出するようにしたことに特徴がある。   The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the weight, volume and moisture content of the waste are measured after the waste is compression-molded into a certain shape, and based on the weight and volume. It is characterized by calculating the bulk specific gravity of waste.

本発明の請求項3の発明は、供給された廃棄物のかさ比重と含水率を計測する比重計測器と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物から金属類を選別回収する金属選別機と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物を破砕処理する破砕機と、破砕された廃棄物を軽量物と重量物に分別処理する風力選別機とを備えた廃棄物の前処理装置であって、前記前処理装置は、比重計測器により計測されたかさ比重が0.2%未満の廃棄物と風力選別機から排出された軽量物とを廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送すると共に、金属選別機により金属類を選別回収されたかさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物と風力選別機から排出されて金属選別機により金属類を選別回収された重量物とをバイオガス設備へ搬送するようにしたことに特徴がある。   The invention of claim 3 of the present invention includes a specific gravity measuring device for measuring the bulk specific gravity and moisture content of the supplied waste, and a waste metal having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30% or more to metals. A metal sorter that sorts and collects waste, a crusher that crushes waste having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of less than 30%, and separates the crushed waste into light and heavy materials. A waste pretreatment device comprising a wind sorter, the pretreatment device having a bulk specific gravity of less than 0.2% measured by a specific gravity measuring instrument and a light weight discharged from the wind sorter Wastes are transported to a waste incineration facility, and the metal is sorted and recovered by a metal sorter. The bulk specific gravity is 0.2 or more and the moisture content is 30% or more. Heavy materials sorted and recovered by a sorting machine are sent to a biogas facility. It is characterized in that so as to feed.

本発明の請求項4の発明は、請求項3の発明に於いて、比重計測器が、廃棄物を受け取るベルトコンベヤと、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物の重量を計測する計量器と、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物との距離を計測する非接触式距離計と、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物の含水率を計測する非接触式水分計とを備えていることに特徴がある。   The invention according to claim 4 of the present invention is the invention according to claim 3, wherein the specific gravity measuring device is a belt conveyor for receiving waste, a weighing device for measuring the weight of waste on the belt conveyor, and a belt conveyor. It is characterized by comprising a non-contact type distance meter that measures the distance to the waste and a non-contact type moisture meter that measures the moisture content of the waste on the belt conveyor.

本発明の請求項5の発明は、請求項3又は請求項4の発明に於いて、比重計測器の上流側位置に廃棄物を一定の形に圧縮成形する圧縮装置を配設したことに特徴がある。   The invention of claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 3 or claim 4, a compression device for compressing and molding waste into a fixed shape is disposed at an upstream position of the specific gravity measuring instrument. There is.

本発明の廃棄物の前処理方法は、供給された廃棄物の重量及び体積と含水率を計測し、前記重量及び体積に基づいて廃棄物のかさ比重を算出し、かさ比重が0.2未満の廃棄物はプラスチック類や紙類が主に含まれているものと見なしてそのまま廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送し、又、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物は重量物として廃棄物中に含まれている金属類を金属選別機で選別回収してからバイオガス設備へ搬送し、更に、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物は厨芥類、金属類、紙類等が混入している雑多な廃棄物と見なして破砕機で破砕処理してから風力選別機で軽量物と重量物に分別処理し、その後軽量物はそのまま廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送すると共に、重量物はこれに含まれている金属類を金属選別機で選別回収してからバイオガス設備へ搬送するようにしている。
その結果、本発明の廃棄物の前処理方法は、廃棄物焼却設備とバイオガス設備を併設した廃棄物処理施設に用いた場合、前記廃棄物処理施設に搬入された雑多な廃棄物を、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物とに効率的に分離することができ、複数の設備に対応できる前処理となり、廃棄物の処理効率の向上を図れる。又、廃棄物焼却設備に水分を多く含む厨芥類を投入すると云うことが殆んどなく、焼却炉の燃焼が安定すると共に、高温の燃焼を保持することができ、ダイオキシン類や一酸化炭素等の排出を大幅に抑制することができる。然も、バイオガス設備へも紙類や金属類の投入を大幅に抑制することができ、安定したガス化と発電を行える。
更に、本発明の廃棄物の前処理方法は、廃棄物を一定の形に圧縮成形してから廃棄物の重量及び体積と含水率を計測し、前記重量及び体積に基づいて廃棄物のかさ比重を算出するようにしているため、供給された廃棄物のかさ比重をより正確に算出することができ、雑多な廃棄物を、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物とにより効率的に分離することができる。
The waste pretreatment method of the present invention measures the weight and volume of the supplied waste and the moisture content, calculates the bulk specific gravity of the waste based on the weight and volume, and the bulk specific gravity is less than 0.2. This waste is considered to contain mainly plastics and papers and is transported directly to the waste incineration facility. Waste with a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30% or more Metals contained in waste as heavy objects are sorted and collected by a metal sorter and then transported to a biogas facility. Further, waste having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of less than 30% Is treated as miscellaneous waste mixed with moss, metals, paper, etc., and is crushed with a crusher, then separated into light and heavy with a wind sorter, and then discarded as light In addition to transporting it to the incineration facility, It is to be transported to the biogas facilities after sorting recovered by genus sorter.
As a result, when the waste pretreatment method of the present invention is used in a waste treatment facility equipped with a waste incineration facility and a biogas facility, the miscellaneous waste carried into the waste treatment facility is disposed of. Waste that should be incinerated at the waste incineration facility and waste that should be processed at the biogas facility can be efficiently separated, and pretreatment can be applied to multiple facilities, improving waste processing efficiency . In addition, there is almost no case where wastes containing a lot of water are put into the waste incineration facility, the combustion of the incinerator is stabilized and high temperature combustion can be maintained, and dioxins, carbon monoxide, etc. Can be significantly suppressed. However, it is possible to greatly suppress the input of paper and metals to the biogas facility, and stable gasification and power generation can be achieved.
Further, in the waste pretreatment method of the present invention, the waste is compressed and molded into a certain shape, and then the weight, volume and moisture content of the waste are measured, and the bulk specific gravity of the waste is measured based on the weight and volume. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the bulk specific gravity of the supplied waste more accurately, and to treat miscellaneous waste with waste that should be incinerated with the waste incineration facility and with the biogas facility It can be separated more efficiently from the waste to be removed.

本発明の廃棄物の前処理装置は、供給された廃棄物のかさ比重と含水率を計測する比重計測器と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物から金属類を選別回収する金属選別機と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物を破砕処理する破砕機と、破砕された廃棄物を軽量物と重量物に分別処理する風力選別機とを備えているため、上記方法を好適に実施することができる。その結果、本発明の廃棄物の前処理装置は、廃棄物焼却設備とバイオガス設備を併設した廃棄物処理施設に用いた場合、雑多な廃棄物を、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物とに効率的に分離することができる。
又、本発明の廃棄物の前処理装置は、比重計測器が、廃棄物を受け取るベルトコンベヤと、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物の重量を計測する計量器と、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物との距離を計測する非接触式距離計と、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物の含水率を計測する非接触式水分計とを備えているため、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物のかさ比重と含水率を測定することができ、これによって廃棄物の内容物を推定することができる。然も、非接触式距離計及び非接触式水分計を使用しているため、メンテナンスにも手数が掛からない。
更に、又、本発明の廃棄物の前処理装置は、比重計測器の上流側位置に廃棄物を一定の形に圧縮成形する圧縮装置を配設しているため、供給された廃棄物のかさ比重をより正確に算出することができる。
The waste pretreatment apparatus according to the present invention includes a specific gravity measuring device for measuring the bulk specific gravity and moisture content of the supplied waste, and a metal from waste having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30% or more. Sorter that sorts and collects waste, crusher that crushes waste with a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of less than 30%, and separates crushed waste into light and heavy materials Therefore, the above method can be suitably implemented. As a result, when the waste pretreatment apparatus of the present invention is used in a waste treatment facility equipped with a waste incineration facility and a biogas facility, miscellaneous waste should be incinerated by the waste incineration facility. Can be efficiently separated into waste and waste to be processed in the biogas facility.
Further, the waste pretreatment apparatus of the present invention is a distance between the belt conveyor on which the specific gravity measuring device receives the waste, the weighing device for measuring the weight of the waste on the belt conveyor, and the waste on the belt conveyor. Measure the bulk specific gravity and moisture content of the waste on the belt conveyor because it has a non-contact distance meter to measure the water content and a non-contact moisture meter to measure the moisture content of the waste on the belt conveyor Thus, the contents of the waste can be estimated. However, since a non-contact type distance meter and a non-contact type moisture meter are used, maintenance is not required.
Furthermore, the waste pretreatment device of the present invention is provided with a compression device for compressing and molding the waste into a fixed shape at a position upstream of the specific gravity measuring instrument. The specific gravity can be calculated more accurately.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図1は本発明の方法を実施する廃棄物Wの前処理装置1の概略系統図を示し、当該廃棄物Wの前処理装置1は、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の廃棄物Wを焼却処理する廃棄物焼却設備と厨芥類や古紙等の有機性廃棄物を発酵させてメタンガスを発生させるバイオガス設備とを併設した廃棄物処理施設に設置されており、廃棄物処理施設に搬入された一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の雑多な廃棄物Wを、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物W3,W2′とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物W1,W2″とに効率的に分離できるようにしたものである。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic system diagram of a pretreatment device 1 for waste W that implements the method of the present invention. The pretreatment device 1 for waste W incinerates waste W such as general waste and industrial waste. The waste incineration equipment to be treated and the biogas equipment that ferments organic wastes such as moss and waste paper to generate methane gas are installed in the waste treatment facility. Efficient waste W such as general waste and industrial waste is efficiently converted into wastes W3 and W2 ′ to be incinerated by the waste incineration facility and wastes W1 and W2 ″ to be processed by the biogas facility It can be separated.

尚、廃棄物焼却設備は、従来公知のものと同様構造に構成されており、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の廃棄物Wを焼却するストーカ式焼却炉2、燃焼排ガスから熱を回収する発熱ボイラ(図示省略)、排ガスを処理する排ガス処理装置(図示省略)等を備えている。
又、バイオガス設備も、従来公知のものと同様構造に構成されており、厨芥類等の有機性廃棄物を嫌気性発酵させてメタンガスを発生させるメタン発酵槽3、メタン発酵槽3から排出された発酵汚泥を脱水処理する脱水装置(図示省略)、脱水ケーキの堆肥化装置(図示省略)、脱水ろ液の処理装置(図示省略)等を備えている。
The waste incineration equipment has a structure similar to that of conventionally known ones, a stoker-type incinerator 2 for incinerating waste W such as general waste and industrial waste, and heat generation for recovering heat from combustion exhaust gas. A boiler (not shown), an exhaust gas treatment device (not shown) for treating exhaust gas, and the like are provided.
In addition, the biogas facility has a structure similar to that of a conventionally known one, and is discharged from the methane fermentation tank 3 and the methane fermentation tank 3 that generate an organic gas such as moss by anaerobic fermentation. A dehydration device (not shown) for dehydrating the fermented sludge, a dewatering cake composting device (not shown), a dewatered filtrate treatment device (not shown), and the like.

前記廃棄物Wの前処理装置1は、図1に示す如く、供給された廃棄物Wのかさ比重と含水率を計測する比重計測器4と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物W1から金属類Mを選別回収する金属選別機5と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物W2を破砕処理する破砕機6と、破砕された廃棄物W2を軽量物W2′と重量物W2″に分別処理する風力選別機7とを備えており、比重計測器4により計測されたかさ比重が0.2%未満の廃棄物W3と風力選別機7から排出された軽量物W2′とを廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送すると共に、金属選別機5により金属類Mを選別回収されたかさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物W1と風力選別機7から排出されて金属選別機5により金属類Mを選別回収された重量物W2″とをバイオガス設備へ搬送するように構成されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the pretreatment device 1 for the waste W includes a specific gravity measuring device 4 for measuring the bulk specific gravity and water content of the supplied waste W, and a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a water content. A metal sorter 5 for sorting and recovering metals M from waste W1 of 30% or more, a crusher 6 for crushing waste W2 having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a water content of less than 30%, and crushing A wind power sorter 7 that separates the waste W2 into a light weight W2 ′ and a heavy weight W2 ″, and a waste W3 having a bulk specific gravity of less than 0.2% measured by the specific gravity measuring instrument 4 The lightweight material W2 'discharged from the wind power sorter 7 is transported to a waste incineration facility, and the metal M is sorted and collected by the metal sorter 5 with a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30%. Metals discharged from the above-described waste W1 and wind power sorter 7 by metal sorter 5 Is configured to convey the biogas facilities and sorting recovered heavy W2 "a.

尚、図1に於いて、8は一般家庭等から収集された厨芥類や紙類、プラスチック類、金属類等が混ざった雑多な廃棄物Wを貯留する廃棄物ピット、9は廃棄物ピット8内の廃棄物Wを取り出すクレーン、10はクレーン9から廃棄物Wを受け取って一定量の廃棄物Wを比重測定器4へ供給する切出し装置10a付ホッパであり、この切出し装置10aには廃棄物Wの切出し時に廃棄物Wを圧縮しないスクレーパ付ベルトコンベヤが使用されている。   In FIG. 1, reference numeral 8 denotes a waste pit for storing miscellaneous waste W mixed with food, paper, plastics, metals, etc. collected from ordinary households, and 9 denotes a waste pit 8. A crane 10 for taking out the waste W therein is a hopper with a cutting device 10a that receives the waste W from the crane 9 and supplies a certain amount of the waste W to the specific gravity measuring device 4. The cutting device 10a includes a waste hopper. A belt conveyor with a scraper that does not compress waste W when cutting out W is used.

前記比重計測器4は、図2に示す如く、切出し装置10a付ホッパ10から供給された廃棄物Wを受け取って下流側へ搬送する駆動プーリ11a、従動プーリ11b、ベルト11c及び駆動装置(図示省略)から成るベルトコンベヤ11と、ベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wの重量を計測するロードセルから成る計量器12と、ベルトコンベヤ11の上方位置に廃棄物Wの搬送方向に一定間隔毎に配設され、ベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wとの距離を計測するレーザー式又は超音波式の複数の非接触式距離計13と、ベルトコンベヤ11の上方位置に配設され、ベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wの含水率を計測する中性子式又はγ線式の非接触式水分計14と、計測結果を記憶・演算するデータ処理装置(図示省略)を備えている。
而して、この比重計測器4によれば、ベルトコンベヤ11のベルト11cの幅、ベルト11c上面と非接触式距離計13との距離、ベルトコンベヤ11の搬送速度が一定の値であるため、非接触式距離計13によりベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wとの距離を検出することによって、ベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wの体積を算出することができる。又、計量器12により廃棄物Wの重量を計測しているため、計測した廃棄物Wの重量を算出した廃棄物Wの体積で除算することによって、廃棄物Wのかさ比重を求めることができる。更に、この比重測定器4は、廃棄物Wのかさ比重の他に非接触式水分計14によりベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wの含水率を計測しているため、ベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wの内容物を推定することができる。
As shown in FIG. 2, the specific gravity measuring device 4 receives a waste W supplied from a hopper 10 with a cutting device 10a and conveys it downstream, a driving pulley 11a, a driven pulley 11b, a belt 11c, and a driving device (not shown). ), A measuring device 12 comprising a load cell for measuring the weight of the waste W on the belt conveyor 11, and a position above the belt conveyor 11 at regular intervals in the conveying direction of the waste W. , A plurality of laser or ultrasonic non-contact distance meters 13 for measuring the distance to the waste W on the belt conveyor 11, and the waste on the belt conveyor 11 disposed above the belt conveyor 11. A neutron or γ-ray non-contact moisture meter 14 for measuring the moisture content of W and a data processing device (not shown) for storing and calculating the measurement results are provided.
Thus, according to the specific gravity measuring instrument 4, the width of the belt 11c of the belt conveyor 11, the distance between the upper surface of the belt 11c and the non-contact distance meter 13, and the conveying speed of the belt conveyor 11 are constant values. By detecting the distance from the waste W on the belt conveyor 11 by the non-contact distance meter 13, the volume of the waste W on the belt conveyor 11 can be calculated. Further, since the weight of the waste W is measured by the measuring instrument 12, the bulk specific gravity of the waste W can be obtained by dividing the measured weight of the waste W by the calculated volume of the waste W. . Furthermore, since the specific gravity measuring device 4 measures the moisture content of the waste W on the belt conveyor 11 by the non-contact moisture meter 14 in addition to the bulk specific gravity of the waste W, the waste on the belt conveyor 11 is measured. The contents of W can be estimated.

前記金属選別機5は、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物W1と後述する風力選別機7から排出された重量物W2″とから金属類Mを選別回収するものである。この実施の形態では、金属選別機5には、永久磁石を組み込んだドラム5aをケーシング5b内に配設したドラム型磁選機が使用されており、廃棄物W及び重量物W2″の中から鉄等の磁性金属類を選別回収するようになっている。
この金属選別機5には、ドラム型選別機の他にベルトと永久磁石を組み合わせたベルト型磁選機を使用しても良く、或いはドラム型磁選機又はベルト型磁選機とアルミニウム等の非鉄金属類を選別回収する渦電流選別機(図示省略)とを組み合わせて使用するようにしても良い。
The metal sorter 5 sorts and collects the metals M from the waste W1 having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30% or more and a heavy article W2 ″ discharged from the wind sorter 7 described later. In this embodiment, a drum type magnetic separator in which a drum 5a incorporating a permanent magnet is disposed in a casing 5b is used as the metal sorter 5, and waste W and heavy weight W2 ″ are used. The magnetic metals such as iron are sorted and collected from the inside.
The metal sorter 5 may be a belt-type magnetic separator in which a belt and a permanent magnet are combined in addition to a drum-type sorter, or a drum-type magnetic separator or a belt-type magnetic separator and a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum. It may be used in combination with an eddy current sorter (not shown) that sorts and collects.

前記破砕機6は、比重計測器4のベルトコンベヤ11から排出されたかさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物W2を所定の大きさに破砕処理するものである。この実施の形態では、破砕機6には、破砕刃6aを所定のピッチで固定した二本の回転軸6bをケーシング6c内に平行に配設した二軸式破砕機が使用されており、当該破砕機6は風力選別機7の入口側に接続されている。
この破砕機6には、二軸式破砕機の他に一軸式破砕機や回転式破砕機を使用しても良い。又、破砕機6と風力選別機7を別体としても良い。
The crusher 6 crushes the waste W2 having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of less than 30% discharged from the belt conveyor 11 of the specific gravity measuring device 4 to a predetermined size. In this embodiment, the crusher 6 uses a two-shaft crusher in which two rotating shafts 6b each having a crushing blade 6a fixed at a predetermined pitch are arranged in parallel in the casing 6c. The crusher 6 is connected to the inlet side of the wind power sorter 7.
As this crusher 6, you may use a uniaxial crusher and a rotary crusher other than a biaxial crusher. The crusher 6 and the wind power sorter 7 may be separated.

前記風力選別機7は、破砕機6により破砕処理されたかさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物W2を紙類等の軽量物W2′と金属類等の重量物W2″に分別処理するものである。この実施の形態では、風力選別機7には、回転ドラム7a及び送風機7b等から成る回転式風力選別機が使用されている。
この風力選別機7には、回転式風力選別機の他に振動式風力選別機を使用しても良い。
The wind power sorter 7 is a waste material W2 having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of less than 30%. In this embodiment, the wind power sorter 7 is a rotary wind power sorter including a rotating drum 7a and a blower 7b.
The wind power sorter 7 may be a vibratory wind power sorter in addition to the rotary wind power sorter.

次に、上述した廃棄物Wの前処理装置1を用いて廃棄物Wを前処理する場合について説明する。
一般家庭等から収集された廃棄物Wは、先ず廃棄物処理施設内の廃棄物ピット8に貯留される。このとき、廃棄物Wは、厨芥類や紙類、プラスチック類、金属類等が雑多に混ざった状態となっている。
Next, a case where the waste W is pretreated using the waste W pretreatment apparatus 1 described above will be described.
The waste W collected from ordinary households is first stored in the waste pit 8 in the waste treatment facility. At this time, the waste W is in a state in which mosses, papers, plastics, metals, and the like are mixed.

次に、廃棄物ピット8内の廃棄物Wは、クレーン9により切出し装置10a付ホッパ10内に投入され、切出し装置10aにより圧縮されない状態で一定時間切り出されて比重計測器4のベルトコンベヤ11上へ供給される。この比重計測器4に於いては、非接触式距離計13によりベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wとの距離が計測されていると共に、計量器12によりベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wの重量が計測されており、これらの計測結果からベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wのかさ比重が算出される。又、非接触式水分計14によりベルトコンベヤ11上の廃棄物Wの含水率が計測される。   Next, the waste W in the waste pit 8 is put into the hopper 10 with the cutting device 10a by the crane 9, cut out for a certain period of time without being compressed by the cutting device 10a, and then on the belt conveyor 11 of the specific gravity measuring instrument 4. Supplied to. In the specific gravity measuring instrument 4, the distance from the waste W on the belt conveyor 11 is measured by the non-contact distance meter 13, and the weight of the waste W on the belt conveyor 11 is measured by the measuring instrument 12. The bulk specific gravity of the waste W on the belt conveyor 11 is calculated from these measurement results. Further, the moisture content of the waste W on the belt conveyor 11 is measured by the non-contact moisture meter 14.

そして、比重計測器4により算出した廃棄物Wのかさ比重により、例えばかさ比重が0.2未満の廃棄物W3は、プラスチック類や紙類が主に含まれているものと見なし、比重計測器4のベルトコンベヤ11から排出された後、そのままの状態でベルトコンベヤ等の搬送装置(図示省略)により廃棄物焼却設備のストーカ式焼却炉2へ搬送されてここで焼却処理される。
又、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物W1は、重量物としてベルトコンベヤ等の搬送装置(図示省略)により金属選別機5へ搬送され、ここで廃棄物W1中の磁性金属類を選別回収してから、ベルトコンベヤ等の搬送装置(図示省略)によりバイオガス設備のメタン発酵槽3へ搬送されてここで厨芥類等の有機性廃棄物を嫌気性発酵される。
更に、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物W2は、厨芥類、金属類、紙類等が雑多に混入しているものと見なし、比重計測器4のベルトコンベヤ11から破砕機6へ供給されてここで一定の大きさに破砕処理された後、風力選別機7に供給されて廃棄物W2を紙類等の軽量物W2′と金属類等の重量物W2″に分別処理される。風力選別機7から排出された軽量物W2′は、そのままの状態で風力選別用空気を利用した空気輸送やベルトコンベヤ等の搬送装置(図示省略)によりストーカ式焼却炉2へ搬送され、又、風力選別機7から排出された重量物W2″は、ベルトコンベヤ等の搬送装置(図示省略)により金属選別機5へ搬送され、ここで廃棄物W中の磁性金属類を選別回収してから、厨芥類等の有機性廃棄物を多く含む重量物W2″としてベルトコンベヤ等の搬送装置(図示省略)によりメタン発酵槽3へ搬送される。
Then, due to the bulk specific gravity of the waste W calculated by the specific gravity measuring device 4, for example, the waste W3 having a bulk specific gravity of less than 0.2 is considered to contain mainly plastics and papers, and the specific gravity measuring device After being discharged from the belt conveyor 11, it is conveyed as it is to the stoker type incinerator 2 of the waste incineration facility by a conveyor device (not shown) such as a belt conveyor and incinerated here.
Further, the waste W1 having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a water content of 30% or more is transported as a heavy material to the metal sorter 5 by a transport device (not shown) such as a belt conveyor, where the waste W1 After sorting and collecting the magnetic metals inside, it is transported to the methane fermentation tank 3 of the biogas facility by a conveyor device (not shown) such as a belt conveyor, where organic waste such as moss is anaerobically fermented. The
Further, the waste W2 having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a water content of less than 30% is considered to be mixed with moss, metals, paper, etc., and the belt conveyor of the specific gravity measuring instrument 4 After being supplied from 11 to the crusher 6 and crushed to a certain size here, it is supplied to the wind power sorter 7 and the waste W2 is made into a lightweight material W2 ′ such as paper and a heavy material W2 such as metal. The light weight W2 ′ discharged from the wind power sorter 7 is kept in the same state, and the stoker type incinerator is used as it is by air transport using the air for wind sorting or a transport device such as a belt conveyor (not shown). 2 and the heavy material W2 ″ discharged from the wind power sorter 7 is transported to the metal sorter 5 by a transport device (not shown) such as a belt conveyor, where the magnetic metals in the waste W are transferred. Sorting and collecting organic waste such as moss Is conveyed to the methane fermentation tank 3 as Ku heavy W2 comprising "by the transfer device such as a belt conveyor (not shown).

前記廃棄物Wの前処理装置1は、比重計測器4により廃棄物Wのかさ比重と含水率を計測し、この計測結果に基づいて廃棄物Wを金属選別機5、破砕機6、風力選別機7へ夫々供給して選別処理するようにしているため、廃棄物処理施設に搬入された雑多な廃棄物Wを、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物W3及び軽量物W2′とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物W1及び重量物W2″とに効率的に分離することができ、複数の設備に対応できる前処理を行えることになり、廃棄物Wの処理効率の向上を図れる。
又、廃棄物焼却設備に水分を多く含む厨芥類を投入すると云うことが殆んどなく、焼却炉の燃焼が安定すると共に、高温の燃焼を保持することができ、ダイオキシン類や一酸化炭素等の排出を大幅に抑制することができる。然も、バイオガス設備へも紙類、金属類の投入を大幅に抑制することができ、安定したガス化と発電を行える。
The pretreatment device 1 for the waste W measures the bulk specific gravity and moisture content of the waste W by the specific gravity measuring device 4, and based on the measurement result, the waste W is sorted by the metal sorter 5, the crusher 6, and the wind sorting. Since the wastes W3 and the lightweight materials W2 ′ to be incinerated by the waste incineration facility are disposed of in the waste processing facility, the waste W3 and the lightweight material W2 ′, which are supplied to the machine 7 and subjected to the sorting process, are bioprocessed. It is possible to efficiently separate the waste W1 and the heavy material W2 ″ to be processed by the gas facility, and it is possible to perform a pretreatment corresponding to a plurality of facilities, so that the processing efficiency of the waste W can be improved.
In addition, there is almost no case where wastes containing a lot of water are put into the waste incineration facility, the combustion of the incinerator is stabilized and high temperature combustion can be maintained, and dioxins, carbon monoxide, etc. Can be significantly suppressed. However, it is possible to greatly suppress the input of papers and metals into the biogas facility, enabling stable gasification and power generation.

図4は本発明の他の方法を実施する廃棄物Wの前処理装置1の概略系統図を示し、当該廃棄物Wの前処理装置1は、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物等の廃棄物Wを焼却処理する廃棄物焼却設備と厨芥類や古紙等の有機性廃棄物を発酵させてメタンガスを発生させるバイオガス設備とを併設した廃棄物処理施設に設置されており、比重計測器4の上流側位置(切出し装置10a付ホッパ10と比重計測器4との間)に廃棄物Wを一定の形に圧縮成形する圧縮装置16を配設し、廃棄物Wを一定の形に圧縮成形してから比重計測器4により廃棄物Wの重量及び体積と含水率を計測するようにしたものである。   FIG. 4 shows a schematic system diagram of a pretreatment device 1 for waste W that implements another method of the present invention. The pretreatment device 1 for waste W is a waste W such as general waste or industrial waste. It is installed in a waste treatment facility equipped with a waste incineration facility that incinerates and a biogas facility that ferments organic waste such as waste and waste paper to generate methane gas, upstream of the specific gravity measuring instrument 4 A compression device 16 for compressing and molding the waste W into a fixed shape is disposed at a side position (between the hopper 10 with the cutting device 10a and the specific gravity measuring device 4), and the waste W is compressed into a fixed shape. The specific gravity measuring instrument 4 measures the weight and volume of the waste W and the water content.

前記圧縮装置16は、図5に示す如く、比重計測器4のベルトコンベヤ11の上流側位置に配設したベルトコンベヤ16aと、このベルトコンベヤ16aに上方向へ対向状に配設した圧縮ローラ16bとから成り、廃棄物Wをベルトコンベヤ16aで搬送しつつ圧縮ローラ16bにより圧縮して一定の形に圧縮成形するようにしたものである。
尚、この廃棄物Wの前処理装置1は、比重計測器4の上流側位置に圧縮装置16を配設したこと以外は図1に示す廃棄物Wの前処理装置1と全く同一構造に構成されており、図1に示す廃棄物Wの前処理装置1と同じ部位・部材には同一の参照番号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。
As shown in FIG. 5, the compression device 16 includes a belt conveyor 16a disposed upstream of the belt conveyor 11 of the specific gravity measuring instrument 4, and a compression roller 16b disposed on the belt conveyor 16a so as to face the belt conveyor 16a. The waste W is compressed by the compression roller 16b while being conveyed by the belt conveyor 16a, and is compressed into a certain shape.
The waste W pretreatment device 1 has the same structure as the waste W pretreatment device 1 shown in FIG. 1 except that the compression device 16 is disposed upstream of the specific gravity measuring instrument 4. The same parts and members as those of the waste W pretreatment device 1 shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

前記廃棄物Wの前処理装置1は、図1に示す廃棄物Wの前処理装置1と同様の作用効果を奏することができる。特に、この廃棄物Wの前処理装置1は、比重計測器4の上流側位置に廃棄物Wを一定の形に圧縮成形する圧縮装置16を配設しているため、供給された廃棄物Wのかさ比重をより正確に算出することができ、雑多な廃棄物Wを、廃棄物焼却設備で焼却処理すべき廃棄物W3及び軽量物W2′とバイオガス設備で処理すべき廃棄物W1及び重量物W2″とにより効率的に分離することができる。   The waste W pretreatment device 1 can achieve the same effects as the waste W pretreatment device 1 shown in FIG. In particular, since the pretreatment device 1 for the waste W is provided with a compression device 16 for compressing and molding the waste W into a fixed shape at a position upstream of the specific gravity measuring instrument 4, the supplied waste W The bulk specific gravity can be calculated more accurately, and the waste W3 to be incinerated in the waste incineration facility and the light weight W2 ′, the waste W1 to be processed in the biogas facility and the weight The product W2 ″ can be separated efficiently.

尚、上記の実施の形態に於いては、本発明の廃棄物の前処理方法及び前処理装置を、廃棄物焼却設備とバイオガス設備とを併設した廃棄物処理施設に用いるようにしたが、他の実施の形態に於いては、本発明の廃棄物の前処理方法及び前処理装置を、熱分解ガス化溶融設備とバイオガス設備とを併設した廃棄物処理施設に用いるようにしても良い。   In the above embodiment, the waste pretreatment method and the pretreatment apparatus of the present invention are used in a waste treatment facility equipped with a waste incineration facility and a biogas facility. In another embodiment, the waste pretreatment method and the pretreatment apparatus of the present invention may be used in a waste treatment facility provided with a pyrolysis gasification and melting facility and a biogas facility. .

本発明の方法を実施する廃棄物の前処理装置の概略系統図である。It is a schematic systematic diagram of the waste pretreatment apparatus which implements the method of the present invention. 比重計測器の概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view of a specific gravity measuring device. 本発明の廃棄物の前処理方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the pre-processing method of the waste material of this invention. 本発明の他の方法を実施する廃棄物の前処理装置の概略系統図である。It is a schematic systematic diagram of the waste pretreatment apparatus which implements the other method of this invention. 図4に示す廃棄物の前処理装置の要部の概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view of the principal part of the waste pretreatment apparatus shown in FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1は廃棄物の前処理装置、4は比重計測器、5は金属選別機、6は破砕機、7は風力選別機、11はベルトコンベヤ、12は計量器、13は非接触式距離計、14は非接触式水分計、16は圧縮装置、Wは廃棄物、W1は比重が0.2以上で且つ水分が30%以上の廃棄物、W2は比重が0.2以上で且つ水分が30%未満の廃棄物、W2′は軽量物、W2″は重量物、W3は比重が0.2未満の廃棄物、Mは金属類。   1 is a waste pretreatment device, 4 is a specific gravity measuring device, 5 is a metal sorter, 6 is a crusher, 7 is a wind sorter, 11 is a belt conveyor, 12 is a weighing machine, 13 is a non-contact distance meter, 14 is a non-contact type moisture meter, 16 is a compression device, W is waste, W1 is waste having a specific gravity of 0.2 or more and moisture of 30% or more, W2 is specific gravity of 0.2 or more and moisture is 30 % Waste, W2 ′ is lightweight, W2 ″ is heavy, W3 is waste with a specific gravity of less than 0.2, and M is metal.

Claims (5)

供給された廃棄物の重量及び体積と含水率を計測し、前記重量及び体積に基づいて廃棄物のかさ比重を算出し、かさ比重が0.2未満の廃棄物はそのまま廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送し、又、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物はこれに含まれている金属類を選別回収してからバイオガス設備へ搬送し、更に、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物は破砕処理してから軽量物と重量物に分別処理し、その後軽量物はそのまま廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送すると共に、重量物はこれに含まれている金属類を選別回収してからバイオガス設備へ搬送するようにしたことを特徴とする廃棄物の前処理方法。   Measure the weight and volume of the supplied waste and the moisture content, calculate the bulk specific gravity of the waste based on the weight and volume, and transport the waste with a bulk specific gravity of less than 0.2 directly to the waste incineration facility In addition, waste having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30% or more is sorted and recovered from the metals contained therein, and then transported to the biogas facility. Further, the bulk specific gravity is 0 .Waste with a moisture content of 2 or more and less than 30% is crushed and then separated into light and heavy materials, and then the light materials are transported directly to the waste incineration facility. A pretreatment method for waste, wherein the collected metals are sorted and recovered and then transported to a biogas facility. 廃棄物を一定の形に圧縮成形してから廃棄物の重量及び体積と含水率を計測し、前記重量及び体積に基づいて廃棄物のかさ比重を算出するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の廃棄物の前処理方法。   The waste is compressed and molded into a certain shape, and then the weight, volume and moisture content of the waste are measured, and the bulk specific gravity of the waste is calculated based on the weight and volume. The waste pretreatment method according to 1. 供給された廃棄物のかさ比重と含水率を計測する比重計測器と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物から金属類を選別回収する金属選別機と、かさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%未満の廃棄物を破砕処理する破砕機と、破砕された廃棄物を軽量物と重量物に分別処理する風力選別機とを備えた廃棄物の前処理装置であって、前記前処理装置は、比重計測器により計測されたかさ比重が0.2%未満の廃棄物と風力選別機から排出された軽量物とを廃棄物焼却設備へ搬送すると共に、金属選別機により金属類を選別回収されたかさ比重が0.2以上で且つ含水率が30%以上の廃棄物と風力選別機から排出されて金属選別機により金属類を選別回収された重量物とをバイオガス設備へ搬送するようにしたことを特徴とする廃棄物の前処理装置。   A specific gravity measuring instrument for measuring the bulk specific gravity and moisture content of the supplied waste, a metal sorter for sorting and recovering metals from waste having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of 30% or more, and a bulk A waste having a crusher that crushes waste having a specific gravity of 0.2 or more and a moisture content of less than 30%, and a wind power sorter that separates the crushed waste into light and heavy materials. It is a pretreatment device, and the pretreatment device conveys a waste having a bulk specific gravity of less than 0.2% measured by a specific gravity measuring instrument and a lightweight material discharged from a wind power sorter to a waste incineration facility. At the same time, the metal is sorted and collected by the metal sorter, and the bulk specific gravity is 0.2 or more and the moisture content is 30% or more. Special feature is that heavy items are transported to biogas equipment. Pretreatment device of waste to be. 比重計測器は、廃棄物を受け取るベルトコンベヤと、ベルトコンベヤ上に供給された廃棄物の重量を計測する計量器と、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物との距離を計測する非接触式距離計と、ベルトコンベヤ上の廃棄物の含水率を計測する非接触式水分計とを備えていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の廃棄物の前処理装置。   The specific gravity measuring device includes a belt conveyor that receives waste, a weighing device that measures the weight of the waste supplied on the belt conveyor, a non-contact distance meter that measures a distance between the waste on the belt conveyor, The waste pretreatment device according to claim 3, further comprising a non-contact type moisture meter for measuring a moisture content of the waste on the belt conveyor. 比重計測器の上流側位置に廃棄物を一定の形に圧縮成形する圧縮装置を配設したことを特徴とする請求項3及び請求項4に記載の廃棄物の前処理装置。   The waste pretreatment device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a compression device for compressing and molding the waste into a fixed shape is disposed at a position upstream of the specific gravity measuring instrument.
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