JP7009114B2 - Garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a waste incinerator.

In a waste incinerator that incinerates inhomogeneous and combustible waste such as municipal waste and industrial waste, the waste that is incinerated is incinerated and the harmful substances emitted during incineration are minimized. There is a need. In addition, in facilities where boilers are installed, it is required to aim for highly efficient use of residual heat. In order to satisfy both of these, the facility must be able to achieve complete combustion at a low oxygen concentration without injecting excess air into the incinerator.

This is because if extra low temperature air is put into the incinerator to increase the oxygen concentration, the combustion temperature will drop, incomplete combustion will occur, harmful substances will increase, and efficiency will decrease. be. Further, when the amount of air is increased, the electric power cost of the blower increases and the amount of exhaust gas increases. Increasing the amount of air will oxidize more useful metals, which can increase metal recycling costs. On the contrary, if the amount of air is reduced too much and the oxygen concentration is too low, there arises a problem that the amount of harmful CO generated increases.

The shapes and sizes of municipal waste and industrial waste vary widely, and various things are intertwined. Various types of dust supply systems (dust supply units such as dust dispensers) have been known in the past, but they can be broadly divided into two systems: one that crushes and supplies dust, and one that supplies dust without crushing. A system that supplies dust without crushing is more affected by the properties of waste than a system that supplies dust by crushing. That is, the size of the dust to be supplied varies, and the discharge characteristics of the dust dispenser (dust supply unit) are greatly affected by its properties.

For example, when the dust feeder is a screw type, the transport weight can be calculated by the following method.
Q = 60 × Φ × π × D × D / 4 × S × N × γ
In the formula, D = outer diameter of screw blade, S = screw pitch, Φ = cross-sectional efficiency, N = number of rotations of screw shaft, γ = specific weight (conveyor calculation method, published by Utaro Mashima, Engineering Book).
In this equation, the cross-sectional efficiency and specific weight change depending on the substance. Therefore, when transporting municipal waste or the like with a screw, the amount of transport is greatly affected by the properties of the waste.

Further, in the case of no crushing, dust larger than the screw diameter may be thrown in, which hinders swallowing into the screw and impairs screw transport in a fixed amount. Further, when dust falls from the end of the screw, the dust may become entangled and become a large lump, which may not easily fall. Then, it becomes an overhang on the shoot part of the fall and falls at once.

These problems are peculiar to municipal waste, industrial waste, etc. whose shape changes greatly, and are particularly remarkable in the case of non-crushing. A fluidized bed incinerator, which is generally used as a waste incinerator, is suitable for an incinerator for municipal waste because it is easy to start combustion and the ash obtained as a result of combustion is dry and clean. However, since the combustion speed is high, fluctuations in the amount of waste thrown in have a large effect on fluctuations in combustion. As countermeasures, slowing down the fluidization of the fluid medium, controlling the amount of dust supply with a quick response using the brightness in the furnace, and controlling the amount of secondary air are being carried out.

In order to reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the dust amount, it is most preferable to suppress the fluctuation of the dust supply amount, and as a method for measuring the dust falling from the dust feeder for that purpose, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-356334. There is a fluidized bed type incinerator described in. In this fluidized bed incinerator, a TV camera is attached at a position where the dust can be observed falling from the dust outlet of the dust dispenser. A TV camera captures the dust that overhangs and falls from the outlet of the dust dispenser, and the center of gravity and area of the captured dust are calculated by image processing (binarization of the image). In this way, the individual amount of dust when separated and dropped from the outlet of the dust dispenser is calculated from the calculated center of gravity and area of the dust. The product of the moving speed of the center of gravity and the area is the amount of garbage. The amount of dust supplied, the amount of primary air (the amount of fluidized air), and the amount of secondary air can be controlled by the calculated amount of dust.

This method calculates the area of dust that overhangs and falls from the outlet of the dust supply device. Overhanging debris may temporarily stay at the outlet of the dust supply device. There is a problem that the dust that falls along the surface layer of the accumulated dust cannot be recognized by binarizing the image, and the supply amount cannot be accurately grasped. For example, if there is white dust of the same color on the white futon, the white futon stays, and the white dust is falling on it, the falling dust cannot be detected. In the image information acquired by the TV camera such as color and brightness, it is not possible to distinguish between falling dust and non-falling dust having the same image information (same color, same brightness, etc.). In JP-A-2000-356334, in the case of garbage of the same color, it is not possible to distinguish between falling garbage and non-falling garbage. In the case of garbage of the same color, no consideration is given to separately recognizing falling garbage and non-falling garbage. As a result, it is not possible to calculate an accurate amount of waste.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-356334

One embodiment of the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to more accurately calculate the amount of waste supplied by individually recognizing falling waste and non-falling waste. It is to provide a possible waste incinerator.

In order to solve the above problems, in the first embodiment, a combustion unit capable of burning waste, a waste supply unit for supplying the waste to the combustion unit, and a waste supply unit to the combustion unit are used. It has an individual recognition unit capable of individually recognizing a plurality of the wastes supplied to the incinerator, and the individually recognized plurality of wastes include non-retained waste falling into the combustion unit and falling into the combustion unit. It has a structure called a waste incinerator, which is characterized by containing non-retained waste.

In the present embodiment, since it has an individual recognition unit that individually recognizes the non-retained dust that falls into the combustion unit and the accumulated dust that does not fall into the combustion unit, it is combined with the prior art such as JP-A-2000-356334, for example. Occasionally, it is possible to calculate the amount of non-retained waste that falls into the combustion section. As a result, the amount of waste supplied can be calculated more accurately. For example, from the image information output by the TV camera, only non-retained dust is individually recognized and selected, and the method for calculating the area of dust shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-356334 is applied to the selected non-retained dust. Then, the amount of garbage can be calculated. Here, the amount of dust is, in the case of the present embodiment, the product of the area or volume of dust and the falling speed of the dust. Since the falling speed of dust is within a certain range, if it is considered to be constant, the amount of dust is the area or volume of dust. The area or volume of dust is the projected area of the outer surface of the dust as seen from a means for measuring dust such as a television camera, or the volume of the outer surface of the dust.

By combining the individual recognition unit with the method described below that does not use the image information output by the television camera, the amount of non-retained waste can be calculated by a method different from that of JP-A-2000-356334.

In the second embodiment, the individual recognition unit has a distance measuring unit, and the distance measuring unit is a distance between the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit and the distance measuring unit. The individual recognition unit has a processing unit, and the processing unit changes the distance of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit with the passage of time. The waste incineration device of the first embodiment is adopted, wherein the waste is recognized as the non-retained waste, and the waste whose distance does not change with the passage of time is recognized as the retained waste. There is.

The third embodiment adopts the configuration of the first or second form of the waste incinerator, which comprises a drop amount calculation unit for calculating the amount of the non-retained waste recognized by the individual recognition unit. ..

In the fourth embodiment, based on the calculated amount of the non-retained waste, the amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit is adjusted so that the amount of the non-retained waste becomes constant. It has a configuration of a third form of a waste incinerator, which is characterized by having a first supply control unit to be controlled.

In the fifth embodiment, the waste supply unit is arranged with a dust supply machine that sends the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is arranged following the dust supply unit. It has a scraper that scrapes the dust sent by the dust dispenser and sends it to the combustion unit, and the first supply control unit controls the dust dispenser and / or the scraper. The fourth form of the waste incinerator, which is characterized in that the amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit is controlled, is adopted.

The sixth aspect is any of the first to fourth forms, characterized in that it has a retention amount calculation unit for calculating the retention amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit. It has a structure called a waste incinerator.

In the present embodiment, it is possible to grasp the amount of stagnant waste supplied to the combustion unit. The amount of accumulated waste is the sum of the amount of non-retained waste having a falling speed of a certain value or less and the amount of accumulated waste. By grasping the amount of waste accumulated, the control of the waste supply unit can be changed according to the amount of accumulated waste. Since the amount of waste accumulated, that is, the amount of accumulated waste at the outlet of the waste supply unit can be reduced, combustion can be further stabilized. This is because the amount of stagnant waste can be reduced, so that the destabilization of combustion due to the sudden drop of stagnant waste can be reduced.

There are various shapes, materials, and sizes of waste, and various things are entangled with each other, causing temporary accumulation of waste at the outlet of the waste supply unit (outlet of the dust supply device). As a result, the amount of waste supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator and the like fluctuates, which is a factor that hinders the stabilization of combustion. Combustion is more stable according to this embodiment.

In the seventh embodiment, when the stagnant amount is equal to or more than a predetermined predetermined amount based on the calculated stagnant amount, the waste supply unit is controlled to reduce the stagnant amount. The waste incinerator according to the sixth embodiment is configured to have the supply control unit of the above.

In the eighth embodiment, the waste supply unit is arranged with a dust supply machine that sends the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is arranged following the dust supply unit. It has a scraper that scrapes the dust sent by the dust dispenser and sends it to the combustion unit, and the second supply control unit controls the dust dispenser and / or the scraper. The waste incinerator of the seventh embodiment is configured to control the amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit.

In the ninth embodiment, the required amount of secondary air required for combustion of the non-retained waste is calculated based on the calculated amount of the non-retained waste, and the secondary air is supplied to the combustion unit. It is configured as a waste incinerator of any of the third to eighth forms, characterized by having an air control unit for controlling the amount of air supplied.

In the tenth aspect, the waste incinerator has a speed calculation unit that calculates the drop speed of the non-retained waste identified by the retention identification unit, and a floating combustion generation based on the calculated fall speed. It has a determination unit for determining the presence or absence, and a stirring unit for stirring the waste in the waste pit that supplies the waste to the waste supply unit when the determination unit determines that stray combustion has occurred. It is configured as a waste incinerator of any of the first to ninth forms, which is characterized by this.

In this embodiment, the falling speed of non-retained waste can be calculated. From the falling speed of non-retained waste, for example, the presence or absence of stray combustion can be determined. In the case of the determination result that stray combustion has occurred, or in the case of the determination result that there is a high possibility that stray combustion has occurred, the waste supply unit is agitated based on the determination result. Stirring mixes light debris with heavy debris, making the debris heavier on average. The falling speed of non-retained waste is increased, and the generation of unburned waste can be reduced. This is due to the following reasons.

There are various shapes, materials, and sizes of waste, and various things are entangled with each other, which is a factor that hinders the stabilization of combustion. In particular, when the easily floating waste is supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator, the light waste does not burn in the hearth but easily burns above the hearth (free board). The hearth is hot, the freeboard is relatively cold, and incomplete combustion is likely to occur. Therefore, there is a problem that the amount of unburned matter increases.

In the eleventh embodiment, the waste incinerator has a non-combustible material identification unit for identifying incombustible materials and a non-combustible material amount calculation unit for calculating the identified incombustible materials. It is configured as a waste incinerator of any of the ten forms.

In this embodiment, the amount of incombustibles can be calculated. Excessive accumulation of incombustibles in the hearth causes poor flow of the fluid medium in the hearth. The flow medium is for transferring heat to waste, and due to poor flow of the flow medium, heat is not transferred to the waste, and incomplete combustion is likely to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to extract incombustibles from the hearth during operation. When the incombustibles are extracted from the fluidized bed incinerator, the fluidized medium extracted at the same time is returned to the fluidized bed incinerator again. When it is returned, the flow medium passes through the piping provided outside the combustion furnace. At that time, heat is dissipated from the flow medium, and the flow medium is cooled. The flow medium also has a heat storage function of maintaining the hearth at a high temperature. Since the fluidized bed is cooled, the thermal efficiency of the fluidized bed incinerator decreases, which causes the efficiency of power generation using waste heat to decrease. According to this embodiment, since the amount of the fluid medium to be extracted can be reduced, heat loss can be reduced and power generation efficiency can be improved.

In the twelfth embodiment, the waste incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator, and the waste incinerator determines the amount of fluid medium to be discharged from the fluidized bed incinerator based on the calculated incombustible amount. It has a configuration of an eleventh form of a waste incinerator, which is characterized by having a extraction amount calculation unit for calculation.

In the thirteenth aspect, the waste incinerator is any of the first to eleventh forms of the waste incinerator, characterized in that the waste incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator.

In the fourteenth form, the waste incinerator is any of the eleventh to eleventh forms of the waste incinerator, characterized in that the waste incinerator is a stoker furnace.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the fluidized bed type incinerator which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the waste supply part of the fluidized bed type incinerator which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the dust supply screw. It is a figure explaining the calculation method of a volume.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each of the following embodiments, the same or corresponding members are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicated description will be omitted. As an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a waste incinerator having a fluidized bed incinerator. The present invention can also be applied to a waste incinerator having a stoker furnace, for example, other than a fluidized bed incinerator.

The fluidized bed incinerator 20 of the waste incinerator 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a fluidized bed section 21 and a freeboard section 22. In the fluidized bed section 21, pressurized fluidized air is supplied from the lower part of silica sand or the like (fluidized medium), and the stored silica sand or the like flows to form a fluidized bed. Garbage burns in the fluidized bed section 21. Since the combustion reaction of waste is not completed in the fluidized bed section 21, secondary air is supplied to the freeboard section 22 provided above the fluidized bed section 21 to completely burn the unburned component. The fluidized bed section 21 and the freeboard section 22 form a combustion section capable of burning garbage. In the fluidized bed incinerator 20, combustion is controlled by controlling the amount of fluidized air, the amount of secondary air, and the amount of waste supplied from the dust dispenser.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an incinerator 100 including a fluidized bed incinerator. As shown in the figure, a dust supply machine 10 provided with a dust supply screw 11 is used as a dust transfer mechanism. The dust feeder 10 sends the waste supplied from the hopper 12 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20. The dust 13 thrown into the hopper 12 is transferred to the dust supply screw 11 driven by the electric motor 14. The dust 13 is further crushed by the scraping screw 16 of the crushing / discharging machine 15 installed in the discharging part of the dust supply machine 10. After that, it is supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 through the chute portion 17, which is a charging passage. The hopper 12 and the dust supply machine 10 form a dust supply unit for supplying waste to the combustion unit. The crushing / discharging machine 15 is a scraping machine that is arranged after the dusting machine 10 to scrape the dust sent by the dusting machine 10 and send it to the fluidized bed incinerator 20.

The fluidized bed incinerator 20 includes a fluidized bed section 21, a freeboard section 22, and a fluidized bed extraction device 23 and the like. The fluidized bed section 21 is supplied with fluidized air from the blower 31 via the control valve 32, and the freeboard section 22 is supplied with secondary air from the blower 33 via the control valve 34. The dust introduced into the fluidized bed incinerator 20 through the chute portion 17 is burned, and the combustion gas is heat-recovered through the boiler 35. After that, the combustion gas is removed from the soot and dust through the bag filter 36, and is released into the atmosphere from the chimney 37.

The fluidized bed is provided with the distance measuring unit 42 installed at a position where the discharge unit of the dust dispenser 10 and the chute unit 17, which is a dust input passage, are included in the field of view (the position where the dust falling on the chute unit 17 is in the field of view). The type incinerator 20 has. The distance measuring unit 42 can measure the distance between the dust supplied from the dust dispenser 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and the distance measuring unit 42. The processing unit 70 is input with the measured distance. Based on the input distance, the processing unit 70 recognizes the boundary line between continuous data and discontinuous data among the waste supplied from the dust dispenser 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 as the waste boundary line. .. The discontinuous data is, for example, the dust and the distance measuring unit 42 when the dust is viewed from the distance measuring unit 42 because there is a step in the shape of the dust when the dust is viewed from the distance measuring unit 42. Refers to data in which the distance between them is discontinuous.

When the distance to the garbage recognized as the boundary line changes with the passage of time, the garbage is recognized as non-retained garbage, and the garbage whose distance does not change with the passage of time is recognized as stagnant garbage. , Recognize non-retained waste and stagnant waste. The distance measuring unit 42 and the processing unit 70 include non-retained waste that falls into the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and a fluidized bed incinerator among a plurality of wastes supplied from the dust supply machine 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20. An individual recognition unit capable of individually recognizing stagnant dust that does not fall to 20 is configured. The plurality of individually recognized wastes include non-retained waste that falls into the combustion part and stagnant waste that does not fall into the combustion part. Details of the distance measuring unit 42 and the processing unit 70 will be described later.

Information about the non-retained waste recognized by the processing unit 70 is sent to the processing device 43. The waste drop amount calculation unit 43a of the processing device 43 calculates the drop amount of non-retained waste identified by the individual recognition unit. The calculation result is output to the control unit 39. A waste calorific value calculation unit 43b is provided after the waste drop amount calculation unit 43a, and the waste drop amount calculation unit 43a and the waste calorific value calculation unit 43b calculate the waste drop amount and the waste calorific value, and both. The calculation result may be output to the control unit 39.

The control unit 39 controls the rotation speed of the electric motor 14 that drives the dust supply screw 11 via the rotation speed control device 40 based on the output of the drop amount calculation unit 43a. Further, the control unit 39 controls the rotation speed of the electric motor 18 for driving the scraping screw 16 of the crushing / discharging machine 15 to a predetermined rotation speed based on the output of the drop amount calculation unit 43a. The control unit 39 controls the input amount of the garbage 13 so that the amount of non-retained garbage becomes constant by controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor 14 and controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor 18.

The details of the distance measuring unit 42 and the processing unit 70 will be described. The distance measuring unit 42 can use any type of device as long as it can measure the distance between the dust supplied from the dust dispenser 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and the distance measuring unit 42. .. For example, there is a method of acquiring three-dimensional distance information called the TOF method (Time Of Flight). According to the TOF method, three-dimensional distance information is acquired three-dimensionally in real time, for example, at 50 FPS (frames per second). It is possible to acquire various information in the imaging space such as the depth, height, shape, and positional relationship to the object.

The TOF method uses a high-speed light source such as an LED or laser and a CMOS image sensor for acquiring distance image data. A distance image is acquired by measuring, for example, the time for the light projected from the high-speed light source to the dust or the like to hit the dust or the like and return in real time for each pixel of about 20,000 points. As a result, the target object is measured three-dimensionally, and at the same time, the obtained information is output. The projected light blinks in a pulsed manner at high speed. A distance image camera using a CMOS image sensor measures the distance by measuring the degree of phase delay of the reflected light from dust or the like by using the phase difference method.

In the phase difference method, the phase delay of the reflected light (that is, the phase difference from the projected light) is 0 ° at a distance of 0 m.
Therefore, it is utilized that the distance becomes long as the phase difference becomes large. It is assumed that the light delayed by one pulse has a phase difference of 360 °. For example, it is assumed that the reflected light received with a delay of half a pulse has a phase difference of 180 °. The method of measuring the phase difference is to receive light by shifting the phase little by little with respect to the phase of the floodlight pulse. For example, light is received with a phase difference of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °. The received charges in each phase are accumulated and averaged, and their changes are compared. For phase differences of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, add the four values obtained and divide by four.

For example, a case where light reception is performed with two phase differences of 0 ° and 180 ° will be described. Comparing the outputs of the pixel (pixel A) detected with a phase difference of 0 ° and the pixel (pixel B) detected with a phase difference of 180 °, if the dust is at a position 0 m away from the high-speed light source, the output of pixel A will be , 100% voltage is generated, and no voltage is generated in pixel B. This output changes as the distance from the high-speed light source increases, and as the distance increases, the output of the pixel set to detect when the phase difference is large increases.

Since the outputs of pixels with different phase differences are different, the phase difference is estimated and the distance is calculated from the phase difference. For example, the output with a phase difference of 270 ° corresponding to an object at a long distance increases as the object is at a long distance. In reality, the two phase differences alone cannot handle all 360 ° phase differences (ie, long distances), so each shooting frame is set to 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° phase differences. The outputs of the four pixels are compared with each other as a set of four pixels that are close to each other on the CMOS image sensor, and the distance measurement accuracy is ensured.

After the three-dimensional distance information between the waste to be measured and the distance measuring unit 42 is acquired by the distance measuring unit 42, the processing unit 70 uses the following method to obtain the fluidized bed incinerator 20 from the three-dimensional distance information. Of the waste supplied to the vehicle, the waste whose distance to the distance measuring unit 42 changes with the passage of time is recognized as non-retained waste. Specifically, the processing unit 70 subtracts (takes a difference) the three-dimensional distance information one frame before from the three-dimensional distance information at a certain time. In the three-dimensional distance information obtained by subtraction, only the three-dimensional distance information regarding moving garbage, that is, falling garbage shows a certain value or more. The three-dimensional distance information about the non-moving garbage, that is, the non-falling garbage does not change with time or has a slight change, and therefore shows a value of zero or less than a certain value as a result of subtraction.

The processing unit 70 recognizes the boundary of falling garbage (non-retained garbage), that is, the outline of the non-retained garbage, based on the points showing a value above a certain level and the points showing a value below a certain level. For example, assuming that there are non-retained dust 82 and stagnant waste 80 as shown in FIG. 2, the processing unit 70 can recognize the contour of the non-retained waste 82 seen from the direction of the distance measuring unit 42.

The processing unit 70 sends the three-dimensional distance information of the non-retained waste 82 whose contour is recognized to the processing device 43. An example of the processing flow of the non-retained waste 82 by the drop amount calculation unit 43a in the processing apparatus 43 is shown below. For each of the non-retained waste 82 whose contour is recognized, the volume in the contour is calculated as shown in FIG. FIG. 4 shows a case where the non-retained garbage 82 is recognized as a rectangular parallelepiped from the three-dimensional distance information of the non-retained garbage 82. The z-axis is the direction of gravity, the x-axis is the horizontal direction, and the y-axis is the horizontal direction. In FIG. 4, x, y, and z are the lengths of the non-retained waste 82 in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions, respectively. The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis form a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. In the case of FIG. 4, the volume of the non-retained waste 82 is calculated as xxyxz.

The drop amount calculation unit 43a may obtain the volume of the non-retained dust 82 by approximating it to a cylinder, a prism, a cone, a pyramid, or the like. Further, the volume may be finely divided into three-dimensional elements from the three-dimensional distance information of the non-retained waste 82, and the three-dimensional volume integral may be executed by approximate calculation. Next, for the three-dimensional distance information at a certain time and the non-retained dust 82 taken one frame after the three-dimensional distance information, the object having the most similar characteristics is treated as the same non-retained dust 82. For example, processing such as treating the ones having the closest volume as the same ones is performed. This is because when there are a plurality of non-retained dust 82 in the acquired three-dimensional distance information, it is necessary to distinguish the individual non-retained dust 82 and calculate the falling speed and the like.

Next, the calculated volume is multiplied by the difference in the positions of the individual non-retained waste 82, that is, the moving distance. This is because the product of the volume and the moving distance is considered to be the amount of non-retained waste 82. The sum of the products of these volumes and the travel distance, that is, the sum of the amount of non-retained waste 82 is obtained. The drop amount calculation unit 43a outputs a quantified signal of the fall dust amount to the control unit 39.

The falling speed is the vertical downward speed of the position of the center of gravity of each non-retained garbage 82, which can be calculated as the moving distance per unit time. In the present embodiment, the amount of dust is the sum of the volume of the area surrounded by the contour measured by the distance measuring unit 42 and the falling speed with respect to the non-retained dust 82 having a speed equal to or higher than a certain falling speed. Is. If it is considered that the range in which the falling speed of the non-retained dust 82 fluctuates is narrow, the amount of dust is measured by the distance measuring unit 42 for the non-retained dust 82 having a speed equal to or higher than a certain falling speed. It may be the sum of the volumes of the enclosed area.

In the present embodiment, the control unit 39 is supplied from the dust supply machine 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20 so that the amount of non-retained waste 82 is constant based on the calculated amount of non-retained waste 82. It is a first supply control unit and a second supply control unit that control the amount of waste. The control unit 39 controls the dust supply machine 10 and / or the scraper to control the amount of dust supplied from the dust supply machine 10 to the fluidized bed incinerator 20. Further, the control unit 39 controls the control valve 32 and the control valve 34 to control the amount of combustion air. The first supply control unit and the second supply control unit may be provided separately.

The electric motor 18 that drives the scraping screw 16 of the crushing / discharging machine 15 is controlled by an inverter board 45. Further, a cylinder 41 for moving the rotating shaft of the scraping screw 16 and a hydraulic device 44 are provided, and the position of the rotating shaft of the scraping screw 16 can be adjusted by the hydraulic device 44. The rotation shaft position of the scraping screw 16 is adjusted via the hydraulic device 44 and the cylinder 41 based on the command of the control unit 39, and the displacement amount is detected by the shaft displacement sensor 46 and fed back to the control unit 39. It has become.

The control unit 39 controls the rotation speed of the scraper so as to keep the amount of the non-retained dust 82 constant based on the calculated amount of the non-retained dust 82. The relationship between the amount of non-retained dust 82 and the rotation speed of the scraper to be set can be determined in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the operation data of the past fluidized bed incinerator 20.

As shown in FIG. 3, the dust feeder 10 includes two dust feeder screws 11 that are parallel and reverse-threaded, and the distance between the shafts can be adjusted. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the dust supply screw 11 as viewed from above. The position of one screw 11a is fixed with respect to the dust feeder 10. The screw 11a is rotated by the electric motor 14a. The other screw 11b is installed on the base 72. The base 72 is installed on the base of the incinerator 100 via a guide rail (not shown). A cylinder and hydraulic device (not shown) allow the base 72 to be moved along the guide rails in a direction 74 approaching the screw 11a and in a direction 76 away from the screw 11a.

The control unit 39 can adjust the position of the screw 11b by the hydraulic device. The position of the rotating shaft of the screw 11b is adjusted via the hydraulic device and the cylinder based on the command of the control unit 39, and the displacement amount is detected by the shaft displacement sensor 78 and fed back to the control unit 39.

The control unit 39 controls the rotation speed of the dust supply machine 10 so as to keep the supply amount of the dust 13 constant based on the calculated amount of the non-retained dust 82. When the supply amount of the dust 13 is equal to or less than the set value, the rotation speed of the dust supply machine 10 is increased, and when the supply amount is equal to or more than the set value, the rotation speed of the dust supply machine 10 is decreased.

The control unit 39 calculates the required secondary air amount based on the calculated amount of non-retained dust 82, adjusts the control valve 34, and controls the secondary air amount. The relationship between the amount of secondary air and the opening degree of the control valve 34 to be set can be determined in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the operation data of the past fluidized bed incinerator 20.

Next, the control of the dust supply device based on the amount of dust accumulated will be described. Based on the calculated dust retention amount, the control unit 39 widens the distance between the screw shafts of the dust supply device and raises the filling rate in the dust supply device when the dust retention amount exceeds a certain level. Remove stagnant debris.

In the case of the present embodiment, the amount of stagnant dust is the sum of the amount of stagnant dust 80 measured by the distance measuring unit 42 and the amount of non-retained dust 82 having a falling speed of a certain value or less. The amount of dust accumulated can be determined by the processing apparatus 43 as follows, for example. The amount of non-retained waste 82 having a falling speed of a certain value or less is the amount of non-retained waste 82 having a falling speed of a certain value or less in the above-mentioned method of obtaining the "amount of non-retained waste 82 having a falling speed of a certain value or more". Obtained by

The amount of stagnant waste 80 can be determined as follows. The three-dimensional distance information between the entire waste and the distance measuring unit 42 (this is the three-dimensional distance information regarding the entire equipment, the non-retained waste 82, and the accumulated waste 80. It is called "overall information") is the distance measurement. After being acquired by the unit 42, the processing unit 70 can recognize the contour of the non-retained waste 82 by the method described above. Further, the processing unit 70 acquires and stores the three-dimensional distance information regarding the background of the garbage (that is, the three-dimensional distance information regarding the fixed equipment: referred to as “background information”) in advance. The "background information" is subtracted from the "overall information", and the area surrounded by the outline of the non-retained waste 82 is excluded from the calculation. The non-zero three-dimensional distance information in the remaining region is the three-dimensional distance information regarding the stagnant waste 80. From this information, the volume is obtained as in the case of the non-retained waste 82. The volume is the amount of stagnant waste 80.

The relationship between the amount of dust accumulated and the distance between the screw shafts of the dust supply device to be set can be determined in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the operation data of the past fluidized bed incinerator 20.

Based on the calculated amount of accumulated dust, the control unit 39 increases the rotation speed of the scraper or brings the scraper closer to the dust supply device and stays in the dust when the accumulated amount of dust exceeds a certain level. Controls to scrape off. The relationship between the amount of dust accumulated and the number of revolutions of the scraper to be set can be determined in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the operation data of the past fluidized bed incinerator 20.

Next, the control regarding the presence or absence of the occurrence of stray combustion will be described. The processing device 43 has the function of the speed calculation unit for calculating the falling speed of the non-retained waste 82 recognized by the distance measuring unit 42 and the processing unit 70, as described above. The processing device 43 determines the presence or absence of stray combustion from the falling speed. Based on the calculated fall speed, the processing device 43 (determination unit) determines whether or not stray combustion has occurred. For example, the amount of non-retained waste 82 whose falling speed is slower than that of free fall is calculated. When this amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the processing apparatus 43 determines that stray combustion has occurred.

The incinerator 100 uses a stirrer 86 (stirring unit) that stirs the dust in the dust pit 84 that supplies the dust to the dust supply machine 10 when the processing device 43 determines that stray combustion has occurred. Have. The garbage 13 is controlled by the control unit 39 and is conveyed from the garbage pit 84 to the stirrer 86 by the crane 88. After being placed in the stirrer 86 and stirred, the dust 13 is returned to the dust pit 84. The crane 88 can also transport the agitated dust 13 from the dust pit 84 to the hopper 12.

The reason for placing it in the stirrer 86 and stirring it is as follows. There are various shapes, materials, and sizes of waste, and various things are entangled with each other, which is a factor that hinders the stabilization of combustion. In particular, when waste that tends to float is supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator 20, there is a problem that the fluidized bed portion 21 does not burn, but the freeboard portion 22 easily burns, and the generation of unburned components increases. Therefore, the presence or absence of floating combustion is determined from the falling speed of the dust, and the dust pit 84 is agitated based on the determination result. By stirring, the generation of unburned components can be reduced.

Next, the control regarding the extraction amount of the fluid medium based on the incombustible amount will be described. First, the identification of the amount of incombustibles and the calculation of the amount of incombustibles will be described. The waste incinerator 100 can include an image pickup camera 90 that performs color photography to identify incombustibles, and a processing unit 70 that performs processing to identify incombustibles from the photographed color images. The image pickup camera 90 and the processing unit 70 form a incombustible material identification unit. The processing device 43 (incombustible amount calculation unit) calculates the identified incombustible amount. The processing device 43 is also an extraction amount calculation unit that calculates the extraction amount of the fluidized medium to be discharged from the fluidized bed incinerator based on the calculated incombustible amount.

The identification of incombustibles is performed as follows. In the following, the case where the incombustible material is metal will be described. When the incombustible material is other than metal, it can be identified by a similar method based on the shape or color of the incombustible material.

If the incombustible is metal, it is identified by brightness. The image pickup camera 90 captures a two-dimensional, that is, a flat color moving image represented by three colors of red (Red), green (Green), and blue (Blue). The image pickup camera 90 does not have to be capable of acquiring three-dimensional distance information. The processing unit 70 calculates the brightness from the captured color image. Luminance is calculated from each component of RGB by the following formula.
Brightness = 0.299 x R + 0.587 x G + 0.114 x B
Here, the luminance is the luminance in the Munsell color system in which a color is expressed by three attributes of color (hue, lightness, and saturation). As the luminance, the luminance in another color system may be adopted. Further, the brightness may be calculated by a formula different from the above formula.

The processing unit 70 recognizes dust whose calculated brightness is within a certain value range as metallic dust having metallic luster, and distinguishes metal dust from other objects (that is, those having a certain degree of similarity or more). , Distinguish from other objects). The range of luminance values that determine whether or not it is a metal may be determined by learning, that is, past data. The line connecting the points where the difference in brightness can be recognized (points on the boundary between metal dust and non-metal dust) is the contour of the metal.

The processing device 43 determines the area or volume of the area surrounded by the contour. The area can be determined only from the contour. The volume can also be obtained by using the information of the distance measuring unit 42. The amount of the identified incombustibles may be calculated from the area alone, that is, the sum of the areas as the amount of the incombustibles, or the amount of the incombustibles may be calculated from the volume. It is possible to calculate the amount of incombustibles more accurately by using the volume. Further, when calculating the amount of incombustibles, the speed of incombustibles may be taken into consideration as described above. That is, the product of the area or volume of the incombustible material and the velocity of the incombustible material may be used as the amount of the incombustible material.

When a specific metal has a specific color, the metal can be identified from the color information.
Specifically, the image pickup camera 90 shoots a moving image of colors expressed in three colors of red (Red), green (Green), and blue (Blue). The processing unit 70 recognizes that each component of RGB for each pixel is within a certain value range as metallic luster, and distinguishes between metal and other objects. The range of values of each component of RGB that determines whether it is a metal is determined by learning, that is, past data. The outline of the metal is the line connecting the points (points on the boundary line between the metal and the non-metal) where the difference of each component of RGB can be recognized between the adjacent points.

Based on the calculated incombustible amount, the processing apparatus 43 (extraction amount calculation unit) calculates the extraction amount of the fluidized medium to be discharged from the fluidized bed incinerator 20. The relationship between the calculated amount of incombustibles and the amount of fluid medium extracted can be determined in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the operation data of the past fluidized bed incinerator 20.

The control unit 39 controls the flow medium extraction device 23 based on the calculated extraction amount. The control of the flow medium extraction device 23 is the control of the operation time and the operation start timing of the flow medium extraction device 23. By operating the flow medium extraction device 23, the flow medium is extracted. The relationship between the calculated extraction amount and the operation control to be set can be obtained in advance by a test. Further, this relationship may be obtained in advance from the operation data of the past fluidized bed incinerator 20.

Extraction of the fluid medium is performed as follows. The fluidized bed is extracted by the fluidized bed extraction device 23 installed at the bottom of the fluidized bed incinerator 20. The fluidized bed extraction device 23 is provided in the fluidized bed incinerator 20 in order to continuously or intermittently take out incombustibles such as glass, metal pieces, and pottery remaining in the furnace. The incombustibles are once discharged to the outside of the furnace together with the fluid medium, only the incombustibles are sieved by the classifier, and the fluid medium is circulated in the furnace again by the fluid medium circulation device (not shown). As a result, a good fluidization state can be maintained.

The operation of the flow medium extraction device 23 will be further described. The mixture of the incombustibles and the fluidized bed that has fallen from the incombustibles discharge port (not shown) provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed incinerator 20 is moved to the classifier. The flow medium extraction device 23 of the present embodiment has a screw pusher, and moves the mixture that has fallen from the incombustibles discharge port to the classifier by the screw pusher. The classifier separates the flow medium from the mixture sent from the flow medium extraction device 23. The classifier of this embodiment separates the flow medium from the mixture by sieving. The fluidized bed circulation device conveys the fluidized medium separated in the classifier to the upper part of the fluidized bed incinerator 20 and inserts it into the fluidized bed incinerator 20 from the upper part. When extracting the fluid medium, operate the screw pusher. If the fluid medium is not removed, stop the screw pusher.

Although examples of the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above-described embodiments of the present invention are for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. The present invention can be modified and improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and it goes without saying that the present invention includes an equivalent thereof. In addition, any combination or omission of the claims and the components described in the specification is possible within the range in which at least a part of the above-mentioned problems can be solved, or in the range in which at least a part of the effect is exhibited. Is.
As described above, the present invention has the following forms.
Form 1
A combustion part that can burn garbage and
A waste supply unit for supplying the waste to the combustion unit,
It has an individual recognition unit capable of individually recognizing a plurality of the wastes supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit.
A waste incinerator, characterized in that the plurality of individually recognized wastes include non-retained waste that falls into the combustion portion and retained waste that does not fall into the combustion portion.
Form 2
The individual recognition unit has a distance measuring unit, and the distance measuring unit can measure the distance between the dust supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit and the distance measuring unit.
The individual recognition unit has a processing unit, and the processing unit includes the waste whose distance changes with the passage of time among the wastes supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit. The waste incinerator according to Form 1, wherein the waste is recognized as stagnant waste and the distance does not change with the passage of time.
Form 3
The waste incinerator according to the first or second embodiment, which has a drop amount calculation unit for calculating the amount of non-retained waste recognized by the individual recognition unit.
Form 4
A first supply that controls the amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit so that the amount of the non-retained waste becomes constant based on the calculated amount of the non-retained waste. The waste incinerator according to the third embodiment, which comprises a control unit.
Form 5
The waste supply unit is a dust supply machine that sends the garbage supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is arranged following the dust supply machine and is sent by the dust supply unit. It has a scraper that scrapes the dust and sends it to the combustion unit.
The first supply control unit controls the dust supply machine and / or the scraper to control the amount of the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit. The waste incinerator described in 4.
Form 6
The waste incinerator according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, further comprising a retention amount calculation unit for calculating the retention amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit.
Form 7
It has a second supply control unit that controls the waste supply unit to reduce the retention amount when the retention amount is equal to or more than a predetermined predetermined amount based on the calculated retention amount. The waste incinerator according to Form 6, characterized in that.
Form 8
The waste supply unit is a dust supply machine that sends the garbage supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is arranged following the dust supply machine and is sent by the dust supply unit. It has a scraper that scrapes the dust and sends it to the combustion unit.
The second supply control unit controls the dust supply machine and / or the scraper to control the amount of the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit. The waste incinerator described in 7.
Form 9
Based on the calculated amount of the non-retained waste, the required amount of secondary air required for combustion of the non-retained waste is calculated, and the supply amount of the secondary air supplied to the combustion unit is controlled. The waste incinerator according to any one of embodiments 3 to 8, further comprising an air control unit.
Form 10
The waste incinerator is a speed calculation unit that calculates the drop speed of the non-retained waste recognized by the individual recognition unit, and a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of stray combustion based on the calculated fall speed. And, when the determination unit determines that stray combustion has occurred, it is characterized by having a stirring unit that stirs the waste in the waste pit that supplies the waste to the waste supply unit. The waste incinerator according to any one of 1 to 9.
Form 11
Item 1 of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the waste incinerator has a non-combustible material identification unit for identifying incombustible materials and a non-combustible material amount calculation unit for calculating the identified amount of the non-combustible materials. Garbage incinerator described in.
Form 12
The waste incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator, and the waste incinerator calculates the extraction amount of the fluidized medium to be discharged from the fluidized bed incinerator based on the calculated incombustible amount. The waste incinerator according to Form 11, characterized by having a portion.
Form 13
The waste incinerator according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the waste incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator.
Form 14
The waste incinerator according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the waste incinerator is a stoker furnace.

Claims (14)

A combustion part that can burn garbage and
A waste supply unit for supplying the waste to the combustion unit,
It has an individual recognition unit capable of individually recognizing a plurality of the wastes supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit.
The individual recognition unit is a waste incinerator that individually recognizes non-retained waste that has fallen into the combustion unit and stagnant waste that has not fallen into the combustion unit. The individual recognition unit has a distance measuring unit, and the distance measuring unit can measure the distance between the dust supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit and the distance measuring unit.
The individual recognition unit has a processing unit, and the processing unit includes the waste whose distance changes with the passage of time among the wastes supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the waste is recognized as stagnant waste and the distance does not change with the passage of time. The waste incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a drop amount calculation unit for calculating the amount of non-retained waste recognized by the individual recognition unit. A first supply that controls the amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit so that the amount of the non-retained waste becomes constant based on the calculated amount of the non-retained waste. The waste incinerator according to claim 3, further comprising a control unit. The waste supply unit is a dust supply machine that sends the garbage supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is arranged following the dust supply machine and is sent by the dust supply unit. It has a scraper that scrapes the dust and sends it to the combustion unit.
The first supply control unit is characterized in that it controls the dust supply machine and / or the scraper to control the amount of the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit. Item 4 The waste incinerator. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a retention amount calculation unit for calculating the retention amount of the waste supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit. It has a second supply control unit that controls the waste supply unit to reduce the retention amount when the retention amount is equal to or more than a predetermined predetermined amount based on the calculated retention amount. The waste incinerator according to claim 6, wherein the waste incinerator is characterized by the above. The waste supply unit is a dust supply machine that sends the garbage supplied from the waste supply unit to the combustion unit to the combustion unit, and is arranged following the dust supply machine and is sent by the dust supply unit. It has a scraper that scrapes the dust and sends it to the combustion unit.
The second supply control unit is characterized in that it controls the dust supply machine and / or the scraper to control the amount of the dust supplied from the dust supply unit to the combustion unit. Item 7. The waste incinerator according to Item 7. Based on the calculated amount of the non-retained waste, the required amount of the secondary air required for combustion of the non-retained waste is calculated, and the supply amount of the secondary air supplied to the combustion unit is controlled. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 3 to 8, further comprising an air control unit. The waste incinerator is a speed calculation unit that calculates the drop speed of the non-retained waste recognized by the individual recognition unit, and a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of stray combustion based on the calculated fall speed. The claim is characterized by having a stirring unit for stirring the waste in the waste pit that supplies the waste to the waste supply unit when the determination unit determines that stray combustion has occurred. The waste incinerator according to any one of Items 1 to 9. One of claims 1 to 10, wherein the waste incinerator has a non-combustible material identification unit for identifying incombustible materials and a non-combustible material amount calculation unit for calculating the identified amount of the non-combustible materials. The waste incinerator described in the section. The waste incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator, and the waste incinerator calculates the amount of fluidized bed to be discharged from the fluidized bed incinerator based on the calculated amount of the incombustible. The waste incinerator according to claim 11, further comprising a fluidized bed calculation unit. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the waste incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the waste incinerator is a stoker furnace.

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