JP2020128837A - Waste supply amount measurement device and method and waste incineration device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a waste supply amount measurement device and method and a waste incineration device and method for accurately and promptly grasping a supply amount of waste from a chute to a fire grate before combustion of the waste.SOLUTION: In a fire grate type waste incinerator 1, waste on a receiving bed 4A located below a chute 4 receiving charge of waste from outside is push out into a forward combustion chamber 2, and the waste is caused to be dropped and supplied onto a fire grate 5 located below the receiving bed 4A. The fire grate type waste incinerator includes: an infrared camera 13 mounted to a wall part of the combustion chamber 2 and imaging waste on the receiving bed 4A and the fire grate 5 to obtain thermal images; and an image processing device 14 processing the thermal images from the infrared camera 13. The image processing device 14 determines a waste supply amount from the receiving bed 4A onto the fire grate 5 on the basis of a differential image obtained by performing image processing of a difference between a first thermal image obtained by imaging waste at any time and a second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time after the first thermal image is taken.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a waste supply amount measuring apparatus and method in a waste incinerator, and a waste incineration apparatus and method.

In order to stabilize the combustion of waste in the grate-type waste incinerator, it is necessary to accurately grasp the supply amount or supply speed of the waste on the grate in the combustion chamber, and to operate the operating end of the incinerator accordingly. Need to be properly controlled. However, in the grate-type waste incinerator, due to the structure of the grate-type waste incinerator and the uncertain supply of waste from the outside to the furnace chute, the waste from the bottom of the chute inside the furnace to the grate is discarded. It was difficult to accurately grasp the supply amount of the product and further the supply amount per unit time.

On the other hand, there have been some attempts to obtain information about incineration waste such as the amount and temperature of waste on the grate in order to stabilize combustion in the furnace.

For example, in Patent Document 1, an infrared camera is installed on the side wall of a grate-type waste incinerator, and a specific wavelength is selected from the infrared rays emitted from the burning waste on the grate to measure its intensity. By recognizing the temperature of the waste on the grate without being affected by the flame, and by obtaining the temperature distribution, the surface position of the waste layer, that is, the thickness of the waste layer on the grate can be determined. I can know. Further, waste drying information can also be obtained from the waste layer temperature by referring to the relationship between the temperature of the waste layer and the dry state obtained in advance.

Further, in Patent Document 2, by using an infrared camera provided on the side wall of the grate-type waste incinerator, a specific wavelength is selected from infrared rays from the burning waste to measure the heat of the waste. Image data is obtained at time intervals, and the moving pixel amount is measured by optical flow for two thermal image data having this interval to obtain the moving speed of waste on the grate.

Further, also in Patent Document 3, as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, an infrared camera provided on the side wall of the furnace is used to select a specific wavelength from the infrared rays from the burning waste on the grate to determine its intensity. By measuring, the height of the waste layer on the grate is obtained from the thermal image showing the temperature distribution of the waste.

JP, 2017-116252, A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-021686 JP, 2017-187228, A

However, the information on the wastes obtained by Patent Documents 1 to 3 is to know the state of the wastes on the grate in the state of burning after the wastes are supplied from the chute to the grate. However, the amount of waste supplied from the chute to the grate is not directly measured and grasped.

In view of such circumstances, the present invention, in order to stabilize the combustion of waste in the furnace, a waste supply amount measuring device that measures the amount of waste supplied from the chute to the grate before combustion of the waste. And a method and a waste incineration device and method.

According to the present invention, the waste supply amount measuring device, the waste incineration device, the waste supply amount measuring method, and the waste incineration method are configured as follows.

[Waste supply measuring device]
The waste supply amount measuring device is configured as the following first invention or second invention.

<First invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste supply amount measuring device in the furnace,
An infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to capture a thermal image of the waste on the floor and grate,
An image processing device for processing a thermal image from an infrared camera,
The image processing apparatus has a difference between a first thermal image obtained by capturing an image of waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by capturing an image of the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of the, it is set to calculate the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate,
A waste supply amount measuring device characterized by the above.

<Second invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste supply amount measuring device in the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the bed and on the grate;
A thermal data processing device for processing thermal data from the thermal data acquisition device,
The thermal data processing device performs thermal data processing of the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed since the acquisition of the first thermal data. It is set to calculate the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate based on the differential heat data obtained by
A waste supply amount measuring device characterized by the above.

[Waste incinerator]
The waste incinerator is configured as the following third invention or fourth invention.

<Third invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the furnace,
An infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to capture a thermal image of the waste on the floor and grate,
An image processing device for processing a thermal image from an infrared camera,
And a control device for controlling the incinerator by receiving the output from the image processing device,
The image processing apparatus has a difference between a first thermal image obtained by capturing an image of waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by capturing an image of the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of the, it is set to obtain the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate,
The control device is set to emit a signal for controlling the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained by the image processing device,
A waste incinerator characterized in that

<Fourth invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the bed and on the grate;
A thermal data processing device for processing thermal data from the thermal data acquisition device;
And a control device for controlling the incinerator by receiving the output from the thermal data processing device,
The thermal data processing device performs thermal data processing of the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed since the acquisition of the first thermal data. It is set to calculate the amount of waste supply from the receiving bed to the grate based on the differential heat data obtained by
The control device is set to emit a signal for controlling the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained by the thermal data processing device,
A waste incinerator characterized in that

[Waste supply measurement method]
The waste supply amount measuring method is configured as the following fifth invention or sixth invention.

<Fifth Invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the method of measuring waste supply in the furnace,
An imaging step for obtaining a thermal image by imaging the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate with an infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber,
An image processing step of processing a thermal image obtained by an infrared camera with an image processing device,
The image processing step is a difference between a first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of, the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate is calculated.
A method for measuring the amount of supplied waste, which is characterized in that

<Sixth invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the method of measuring waste supply in the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition step of obtaining thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving bed and on the grate with a thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber;
And a thermal data processing step of processing the thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition device by the thermal data processing device,
The thermal data processing step performs thermal data processing of the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed from the acquisition of the first thermal data. Based on the differential heat data obtained from the above, the amount of waste supplied from the bed to the grate is calculated.
A method for measuring the amount of supplied waste, which is characterized by the following.

[Waste incineration method]
The waste incineration method is configured as the following seventh invention or eighth invention.

<Seventh invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste incineration method in the furnace,
An imaging step for obtaining a thermal image by imaging the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate with an infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber,
An image processing step of processing a thermal image obtained by an infrared camera with an image processing device,
And a control step for controlling the incinerator by the output obtained in the image processing step,
The image processing step is a difference between a first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of, the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate is calculated,
The control step controls the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained in the image processing step,
A waste incineration method characterized in that

<Eighth invention>
Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste incineration method in the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition step for obtaining thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving bed and on the grate with a thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber;
A thermal data processing step of processing thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition device by the thermal data processing device;
And a control step of controlling the incinerator with a control device based on the output obtained in the thermal data processing step,
The thermal data processing step performs thermal data processing on the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed from the acquisition of the first thermal data. Based on the differential heat data obtained from the above, the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate is calculated,
The control process controls the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained in the thermal data processing process,
A waste incineration method characterized in that

[Principle of the Invention]
In the first, third, fifth, and seventh inventions, infrared images are used to obtain images of wastes on the receiving floor and on the grate to obtain thermal images. This thermal image is the difference between the first thermal image obtained by capturing the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal image obtained by capturing the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Image processing is performed to obtain a difference image. The difference image between the first thermal image and the second thermal image is the change in the thermal image of the waste due to the lapse of the predetermined time, which means that the waste falls from the receiving floor to the grate at the predetermined time, that is, the supply. Equivalent to the amount given.

Thus, by obtaining the difference image, the amount of waste supplied onto the grate can be measured, and accurate and rapid measurement can be performed.

In addition, in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth inventions, regarding the thermal data of the waste, by obtaining differential thermal data obtained by performing thermal data processing on the difference between the first thermal data and the second thermal data, a thermal image is obtained. It is possible to measure the amount of waste supplied on the grate without generating the gas, and to make an accurate and quick measurement.

As described above, the present invention, in the first, third, fifth, and seventh inventions, obtains a first thermal image by imaging the waste on the bed and on the grate at an arbitrary time with an infrared camera. , By obtaining the second image after a predetermined time, the amount of waste supplied from the difference image to the grate, and in the second, fourth, sixth and eighth inventions, at any time as thermal data Since it was decided to obtain the amount of waste supplied to the grate based on the differential heat data based on the first heat data and the second heat data after a predetermined time, By directly measuring the waste as it falls from the receiving floor, it is possible to measure accurately and quickly. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an effect that the supply amount can be promptly and accurately controlled even for the operating end of the incinerator.

It is a schematic block diagram of the waste incineration apparatus provided with the waste supply amount measuring apparatus as one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the receiving floor, the grate, and an infrared camera in the apparatus of FIG. 1, and the visual field of an infrared camera. It is a figure which showed the field of view of the infrared camera in the width direction of a furnace, and the height direction, and abbreviate|omitted illustration of waste. It is a figure which shows the waste material in FIG. It is a figure which shows the 1st thermal image which imaged the waste material at arbitrary time. It is a figure which shows the 2nd thermal image which imaged the waste material after a predetermined time passes from arbitrary time. It is a figure of the difference thermal image obtained from the 1st thermal image and the 2nd thermal image. Heat data as another embodiment of the present invention are shown, (A) is arbitrary time (time: 0 second), (B) is heat data after a predetermined time (time: 10 seconds), (C) is ( It is the differential heat data of (A) and (B).

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and can be implemented in various forms without changing the gist of the invention. Moreover, the technical scope of the present invention extends to an equivalent range.

First, the basic configuration of the grate type waste incinerator of one embodiment of the present invention, the configuration and operation of the operating end for adjusting the operating conditions of the waste incinerator will be described.

<Basic configuration of grate-type waste incinerator>
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a grate type waste incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, a basic configuration of a grate type waste incinerator and an outline of an incineration method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described, and then the details of each component device will be described. In this embodiment, the upstream side (the left side in FIG. 1) of the combustion chamber in the moving direction of the waste in the combustion chamber (the furnace length direction extending in the left-right direction in FIG. 1) is called the front portion, and the downstream side is called the rear portion.

The grate-type waste incinerator 1 according to the present embodiment (hereinafter, referred to as “incinerator 1”) is located above the combustion chamber 2 and the upstream side (left side in FIG. 1) of the combustion chamber 2 in the flow direction of waste. And a waste inlet 3 formed at the upper end of a chute 4 for throwing waste into the combustion chamber 2 and the downstream side of the combustion chamber 2 in the flow direction of the waste (right side in FIG. 1). Is a grate-type waste incinerator that includes a waste heat boiler (not shown) that is continuously provided above. The bed 4A located at the lower end of the chute 4 is provided with a dust collector 12 to be described later that pushes the waste on the bed 4A toward the combustion chamber 2 to the downstream side.

At the bottom of the combustion chamber 2, there is provided a grate (stoker) 5 for burning the waste while moving it. The grate 5 is provided in the order of the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c from the side closer to the waste inlet 3, that is, from the upstream side, and the dry grate 5a and the combustion grate 5a are provided. A waste layer W is formed on the grid 5b. The grate 5a to 5c are linked by a drive mechanism described later to convey the waste to the front and to the downstream side.

In the dry grate 5a, the waste is mainly dried and ignited. In the combustion grate 5b, the thermal decomposition and partial oxidation of waste are mainly performed, the combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition and the solid content are combusted, and a flame is formed when the combustible gas burns. On the post-combustion grate 5c, the unburned solids in the remaining waste are completely burned. When the solid content in the waste burns, no flame is generated and the waste burns. The combustion ash after being completely burned is discharged from the ash discharge port 6.

Below the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b and the post-combustion grate 5c in the combustion chamber 2, wind boxes 7a, 7b and 7c are provided, respectively. Combustion primary air P supplied by a blower 8 as a combustion primary air supply means described later is supplied to the wind boxes 7a, 7b, 7c through a combustion primary air supply pipe 9 and each grate 5a. , 5b, 5c to be supplied into the combustion chamber 2. The combustion primary air P supplied from below the grate is used for drying and burning the waste on the grate 5a, 5b, 5c, as well as for cooling the grate 5a, 5b, 5c, and the waste. Has a stirring effect.

A waste heat boiler (not shown) is continuously provided at the outlet on the downstream side of the combustion chamber 2, and the vicinity of the inlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the unburned portion of the combustible gas in the gas discharged from the combustion chamber 2 It is a secondary combustion chamber 10 that burns fuel gas). The secondary combustion gas is blown in the secondary combustion chamber 10 which is a part of the waste heat boiler, the unburned gas is secondarily burned, and the combustion exhaust gas is recovered by the waste heat boiler after the second combustion, The steam is generated and used for the generator. After the heat is recovered, the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler is subjected to removal of acid gas by slaked lime or the like in an exhaust gas treatment device system (not shown), and further sent to a dust removal device (not shown) to generate reaction products, dust, etc. Is recovered. The combustion exhaust gas, which has been detoxified and detoxified by the dust removing device, is attracted by an attracting fan (not shown) and discharged from the chimney into the atmosphere.

In the grate type waste incinerator having such a basic configuration, the incinerator 1 according to the present embodiment has an operating end that is a control target of operating conditions of the waste incinerator in order to stabilize combustion of the waste. Primary air blowing means for supplying primary air P for combustion into the furnace from below the grate 5, dust collector 12 for discharging the waste introduced from the waste inlet 3 to the grate 5, driving of the grate 5 It has a mechanism. Further, the incinerator 1 is an infrared ray that captures thermal images of the waste on the receiving bed 4A and the waste on the grate 5 on the upstream side in order to acquire information necessary for controlling these operating ends. It has a camera 13 and an image processing device 14 for processing the captured thermal image information and deriving a waste supply amount from the receiving floor 4A to the grate 5, and further, the incinerator 1 based on the derived waste supply amount. The control device 15 controls the operating conditions at the operating end of the. Hereinafter, these operation ends and the control device 15 will be described.

<Primary air blowing means>
In the present embodiment, the incinerator 1 is provided with the primary air blowing means for blowing the combustion primary air P as described above. The primary air blowing means supplies the combustion primary air P from an air supply source (not shown) to the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c via the combustion primary air supply pipe 9. Each of the air boxes 7a, 7b, 7c is fed from a branch supply pipe. The blower 8, the damper 11 as a primary air supply amount adjusting mechanism, and the combustion primary air are connected to the combustion primary air supply pipe 9. A heating device 16 is provided.

As for the primary air for combustion P, the air taken in from the outside by the blower 8 is heated by the primary air for heating device 16 for combustion, passes through the primary air supply pipe for combustion 9, and the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b and the post combustion. After being supplied to the wind boxes 7a, 7b, 7c provided under the respective grate 5c, they are supplied into the combustion chamber 2 through the respective grate 5a, 5b, 5c. The supply amount of the combustion primary air P supplied into the combustion chamber 2 is adjusted by the primary air supply amount adjusting damper 11 provided in the combustion primary air supply pipe 9. The temperature of the combustion primary air P is adjusted by controlling the heat exchange condition with the steam generated in the boiler in the combustion primary air heating device 16, for example. Further, the configurations of the wind boxes 7a, 7b, 7c and the combustion primary air supply pipe 9 for supplying the combustion primary air P are not limited to those shown in the drawings, and may be appropriately changed depending on the scale, shape, application, etc. of the incinerator. Can be selected.

<Dust collector>
In this embodiment, a rod-shaped push-out member (pusher) is provided immediately above the receiving floor 4A located at the lower end of the chute 4 and reciprocates in the front-back direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1) (see arrow X in FIG. 1). A dust collector 12 is provided.

The dust collector 12 repeats the reciprocating motion of the extruding member between the extruding start point (left end position) and the extruding end point (right end position), and receives the bottom portion of the chute 4 during forward movement (advance toward the combustion chamber 2). The waste on the floor 4A is pushed out and dropped and supplied onto the dry grate 5a at the upstream portion (the left end side portion in FIG. 1) in the combustion chamber 2. This dust collector 12 can control the supply speed (supply amount per unit time) of the waste to the dry grate 5a by changing the number of reciprocating motions or the reciprocating speed of the dust collector 12 per unit time. I am trying.

<Grate drive mechanism>
The dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c are linked by a link so as to interlock with each other, and when the drive mechanism (not shown) reciprocates back and forth to move backward toward the downstream side. The waste is transported to the downstream side. The drive mechanism can control the transport speed (waste transport amount per unit time) of the grate 5 by changing the number of reciprocating motions or the reciprocating speed of the grate 5 per unit time.

<Infrared camera and image processing device>
An infrared camera 13 is provided on the side wall 2A on the downstream side of the combustion chamber 2. The infrared camera 13 may be arranged outside the furnace in the vicinity of a monitoring window provided on the side wall 2A, or may be arranged inside the furnace having a water cooling structure. The infrared camera 13 has an imaging field of view that extends in the vertical direction of the furnace and in the width direction of the furnace (direction perpendicular to the paper surface), and the thermographic information of the waste on the receiving bed 4A and the grate 5 in this imaging field of view is heated. It can be obtained as image information. Since the wavelength of the infrared rays emitted from the waste is different from the wavelength of the infrared rays emitted from the high temperature gas and flame in the space, the infrared camera 13 appropriately selects the infrared wavelengths to be measured, so that the flames are present in the imaging field of view. Thermal image information can be obtained for waste only, even if present. In this embodiment, the infrared camera 13 sets the imaging range in the furnace width direction and the furnace length direction to obtain thermal image information of the waste on the receiving bed 4A located at the lower end of the chute 4 and on the grate 5. be able to.

An image processing device 14 for processing the obtained thermal image information is connected to the infrared camera 13. The image processing device 14 performs data processing on the thermal image information received from the infrared camera 13 and derives the drop supply amount of waste from the receiving floor 4A onto the grate 5a.

The image processing device 14 is connected to the control device 15. The control device 15 supplies the waste to the grate 5 serving as the operating end based on the drop supply amount of the waste obtained by the image processing device 14, and a feed mechanism of the grate 5 (not shown). ), the dust collector 12, the feeding mechanism of the grate 5, the damper 11, the primary air heating for combustion so as to send a command signal for controlling the damper 11 of the primary air blowing means and the primary air heating device 16 for combustion. It is connected to the device 16.

The image processing procedure in the image processing device 14 and the control method by the control device 15 will be described in detail in the section <Combustion control> described later regarding the operation of the device.

Next, the outline of the incineration status, the derivation of the waste supply amount, and the waste combustion control in the waste incinerator of this embodiment configured as described above will be sequentially described.

<Outline of incineration status>
First, when the waste is thrown into the chute 4 from the waste throwing port 3, the waste dropped on the receiving bed 4A is moved by the reciprocating motion of the dust collector 12 on the dry grate 5a in the combustion chamber 2 during the forward movement. When the fire grate 5a to 5c is driven by a drive mechanism (not shown) to reciprocate, the fire grate 5b and the post-combustion grate 5c are sequentially moved to the fire grate 5b. A layer of waste is formed on the grids 5a-5c. The primary air for combustion P, the flow rate of which is controlled by the damper 11 and which is heated by the primary air heating device 16, is supplied from below the grate 5a to 5c through the wind boxes 7a, 7b, and 7c, whereby each of the fires. The waste on the grate 5a-5c is dried and burned.

The waste is dried and ignited mainly on the dry grate 5a. That is, the waste on the dry grate 5a is dried in the upstream range of the dry grate 5a, ignites in the downstream range of the dry grate 5a, and reaches the upstream range (front part) of the combustion grate 5b. Combustion starts in the range. On the combustion grate 5b, the thermal decomposition and partial oxidation of the waste are mainly performed to generate a combustible gas, the combustible gas burns with a flame, and the solid content in the waste burns. The combustion of the waste is substantially completed on the combustion grate 5b. On the post-combustion grate 5c, the unburned components such as fixed carbon in the slightly remaining waste are completely burned. In the region after the burn-out point, the solid unburned matter (char) in the waste is burned, and the combustion ash after complete combustion is discharged from the ash discharge port 6.

As described above, the waste heat boiler is connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber 2, and the secondary combustion chamber 10 is located near the inlet of the waste heat boiler. Therefore, the unburned gas generated in the combustion chamber 2 is guided to the secondary combustion chamber 10, where it is mixed/stirred with the secondary combustion air and secondary-combusted. After the secondary combustion, the exhaust gas is recovered by the waste heat boiler. After the heat is recovered, the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler is subjected to removal of acid gas by slaked lime or the like, and further sent to a dust remover (not shown) to collect reaction products, dust, and the like. The exhaust gas that has been detoxified by the dust removing device and detoxified is attracted by an attracting fan (not shown), and is discharged from the chimney into the atmosphere. As the dust removing device, for example, a bag filter type, an electrostatic dust collecting type dust removing device or the like can be used.

<Derivation of waste supply>
(1) Thermal image information of waste Thermal image information (thermographic information) of the waste on the receiving floor 4A located at the lower end of the chute 4 and the waste on the grate 5 is obtained by imaging with the infrared camera 13. Since the wavelength of the infrared rays emitted from the waste is different from the wavelength of the infrared rays emitted from the high temperature gas and flame in the space inside the combustion chamber 2, the infrared camera 13 causes a flame within the imaging range by selecting the wavelength to be measured. Thermal image information can be obtained for waste only, even if present.

The imaging range of the infrared camera 13 is as shown in FIG. 2 when viewed from the furnace width direction in which the side walls of the combustion chamber 2 which are perpendicular to the flow direction of the waste on the grate 5 are opposed to each other. In addition, the range covers the waste on the receiving bed 4A and the waste on the grate 5, especially the dry grate 5a in the flow direction and the height direction of the waste.

3 and 4 show the range of the imaging range of the infrared camera 13 in the furnace width direction and the height direction when viewed from the flow direction of the waste, and FIG. 3 shows a state in which the waste is not shown. Reference numeral 4B indicates a step wall between the receiving floor 4A and the dry grate 5a. FIG. 4 shows a state in which waste is present on the receiving bed 4A and the dry grate 5a at any time. That is, when waste is present on the receiving floor 4A and the dry grate 5a, the thermal image obtained by the infrared camera 13 is as shown in FIG.

5 is a first thermal image of waste at an arbitrary time, and FIG. 6 is a second thermal image of waste after a predetermined time has elapsed from the state of FIG. 2 shows a state in which a part of the waste on the receiving bed 4 is dropped and supplied onto the dry grate 5a. In addition, in order to make it easy to understand the above-mentioned one part waste, it has shown in black with the 1st thermal image and the 2nd thermal image.

(2) Image processing The first thermal image and the second thermal image obtained by the infrared camera 13 are sent to the image processing device 14. The image processing device 14 generates a difference image from the images obtained from both the first thermal image and the second thermal image. That is, only the difference images before and after the fall of the waste, which are painted black in FIGS. 5 and 6, are obtained as white portions as in FIG. 7, and the others are not left as images in FIG. 7. As a result, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving floor 4A onto the dry grate 5a is known based on the size of the difference image of the waste before falling above or after falling below shown in FIG. It can be obtained, and if this supply amount is divided by the imaging interval time of the first thermal image and the second thermal image, the supply amount per unit time can be obtained. Thus, based on this difference image, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed 4A to the dry grate 5a can be accurately and quickly obtained before combustion of this waste.

<Thermal data processing>
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the waste supply amount is obtained based on the size of the difference image, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the surface temperature of the waste is shown as another embodiment. Based on the heat data, in detail, based on the difference heat data between the first heat data at an arbitrary time and the second heat data after a predetermined time, supply of waste that falls from the bed 4A onto the grate 5 The quantity can also be derived. At this time, the amount of waste supplied is derived by the thermal data processing device provided in place of the image processing device 14 described above.

For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, an arbitrary time (<time 0 seconds> in the figure) and a predetermined time (<time 10 seconds in the case>) as shown in FIG. 8B. ), the field of view of the infrared camera 13 is set as a large number of divided pixels, and thermal data (temperature of the surface of the waste in the example of FIG. 8) for each pixel is obtained. In the case of FIG. 8, a part of many pixels in the field of view of the infrared camera 13 is shown as an example. In FIG. 8, as the heat data measured by the infrared camera 13, the temperature distribution for each of the plurality of partitioned pixels as the first heat data at <time 0 seconds> shown in FIG. 8A, The temperature distribution for each pixel as the second heat data at <time 10 seconds> seen in FIG. 8B is obtained. Next, as the difference heat data between the first heat data and the second heat data, the difference in temperature between the corresponding pixels is obtained, and this is used as the difference heat data as shown in FIG. 8C. If the number of pixels in which the difference for each pixel in the thermal data of FIG. 8C is positive and the absolute value is a predetermined value or more, or the number of pixels in which the difference is negative and the absolute value is a predetermined value or more is integrated, the size is calculated. Since it corresponds to the amount of waste supplied, the amount of waste supplied can be derived without generating a thermal image by obtaining differential thermal data for each pixel and expanding this for all pixels. ..

The example of FIG. 8 will be specifically described. At <time 0 seconds> in FIG. 8A, the temperature of the surface of the waste is uniform at 600° C. in each pixel before falling. FIG. 8B shows thermal data when a part of the waste on the receiving floor falls on the dry grate 5a at <time 10 seconds>. At <time 10 seconds>, a part of the above-mentioned waste falls on the waste that has already been heated on the dry grate 5a and heated. In addition, the waste whose surface is not yet heated is exposed at the position where a part of the waste was on the receiving floor. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8B, the temperature in each pixel varies from 550° C. to 700° C. The difference in temperature (difference heat data) for each pixel at these two times is distributed as 0, +50° C., −50° C., +100° C., and −100° C. depending on the pixel, as shown in FIG. 8C. Here, if this is imaged as in FIG. 7, if the difference is 0, the difference image is black, and as the absolute value of the difference is larger, the difference image is in a white-filled range. In the example of FIG. 8, the absolute value of the difference as the temperature value before imaging is obtained without imaging, and the waste supply amount can be obtained based on the integrated value.

<Combustion control>
In the present embodiment or another embodiment, the image processing device 14 obtains the waste supply amount based on the differential thermal image, or the thermal data processing device obtains the waste supply amount based on the differential thermal data, and the control device 15 Performs combustion control based on the waste supply amount. In the combustion control, the control device 15 performs combustion in accordance with the supplied amount of the obtained waste so that the control device 15 performs the combustion commensurate with the supplied amount of the waste, that is, the operation end described above, that is, the primary air blowing unit and the dust collector 12. The driving mechanism of the grate 5 is adjusted and operated. Hereinafter, the combustion control based on the waste supply amount performed by the control device 15 will be described.

The control device 15 obtains the current value of the waste supply amount from the image processing device 14 or the thermal data processing device, and sets the present value of the waste supply amount to a proper predetermined range (hereinafter, referred to as “predetermined supply amount”). It is determined whether or not the current value of the waste supply amount is within the predetermined supply amount range.

When the current value of the waste supply amount is within the predetermined supply amount range, the control device 15 determines that the waste supply amount is appropriate and combustion is performed well, and at that time, The operating conditions such as the waste material supply speed of the dust collector 12, the waste material transfer speed of the grate, the combustion primary air amount, the combustion primary air temperature, etc. are maintained as they are.

Next, when the current value of the waste supply amount is higher than the predetermined supply amount range, it means that the waste supply amount to the grate 5 is excessive than the appropriate amount under the operating conditions at that time. Therefore, in order to change the operating conditions so as to reduce the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and to reduce the amount of waste on the grate 5, the control device 15 causes the dust collector 12 to change. On the other hand, a command to reduce the waste supply rate to reduce the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5, a waste transport speed to the drive mechanism of the grate 5 to increase the waste on the grate 5 to the downstream side. Command to accelerate the contact between the waste and the primary air P for combustion to promote the combustion of the waste, while promptly conveying the waste to the grate 5 of No. 5, and increasing the opening degree to the damper 11 to perform the combustion. At least one of a command to increase the amount of primary air for combustion and promote combustion of waste, and a command to increase the temperature of the primary air for combustion to promote combustion of primary waste to the combustion primary air heating device 16. Thus, the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 is reduced, the combustion of the waste in the grate 5 is promoted, and the amount of waste on the grate 5 is reduced. As a result, the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and the amount of waste on the grate 5 become appropriate amounts, and the waste is satisfactorily burned.

Next, if the current value of the waste supply amount is lower than the predetermined supply amount range, it means that the waste supply amount to the grate 5 is less than the appropriate amount under the operating conditions at that time. Therefore, in order to change the operating condition so as to increase the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and to increase the amount of waste on the grate 5, the control device 15 controls the dust collector 12 to operate. On the other hand, a command to increase the waste supply rate to increase the amount of waste to be supplied to the grate 5, a waste transport speed to the drive mechanism of the grate 5 to reduce the waste on the grate 5 to the downstream side. Command to slowly convey to the grate 5 of the waste to mitigate the combustion of the waste, command to reduce the opening of the damper 11 to reduce the amount of primary air for combustion and mitigate the combustion of the waste, heating primary air for combustion At least one of the commands for reducing the combustion primary air temperature to reduce the combustion of waste is issued to the device 16 to increase the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and to increase the amount of waste on the grate 5. Mitigate waste burning and increase waste on the grate. As a result, the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and the amount of waste on the grate 5 become appropriate amounts, and the waste is satisfactorily burned.

1 incinerator 2 combustion chamber 4 chute 4A receiving bed 5 grate 13 infrared camera 14 image processing device 15 control device

Claims (8)

Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste supply amount measuring device in the furnace,
An infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to capture a thermal image of the waste on the floor and grate,
An image processing device for processing a thermal image from an infrared camera,
The image processing apparatus has a difference between a first thermal image obtained by capturing an image of waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by capturing an image of the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of the, it is set to calculate the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate,
A waste supply amount measuring device characterized by the above. Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste supply amount measuring device in the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving bed and on the grate;
A thermal data processing device for processing thermal data from the thermal data acquisition device,
The thermal data processing device performs thermal data processing of the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed since the acquisition of the first thermal data. It is set to calculate the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate based on the differential heat data obtained by
A waste supply amount measuring device characterized by the above. Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the furnace,
An infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to capture a thermal image of the waste on the floor and grate,
An image processing device for processing a thermal image from an infrared camera,
It has a control device that receives an output from the image processing device and controls the incinerator,
The image processing apparatus has a difference between a first thermal image obtained by capturing an image of waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by capturing an image of the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of the, it is set to obtain the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate,
The control device is set to emit a signal for controlling the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained by the image processing device,
A waste incinerator characterized in that Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the bed and on the grate;
A thermal data processing device for processing thermal data from the thermal data acquisition device;
And a control device for controlling the incinerator by receiving the output from the thermal data processing device,
The thermal data processing device performs thermal data processing of the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed since the acquisition of the first thermal data. It is set to calculate the amount of waste supply from the receiving bed to the grate based on the differential heat data obtained by
The control device is set to emit a signal for controlling the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained by the thermal data processing device,
A waste incinerator characterized in that Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the method of measuring waste supply in the furnace,
An imaging step for obtaining a thermal image by imaging the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate with an infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber,
And an image processing step of processing a thermal image obtained by an infrared camera with an image processing device,
The image processing step is a difference between a first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of, the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate is calculated.
A method for measuring the amount of supplied waste, which is characterized in that Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the method of measuring waste supply in the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition step for obtaining thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving bed and on the grate with a thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber;
And a thermal data processing step of processing the thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition device by the thermal data processing device,
The thermal data processing step performs thermal data processing on the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed from the acquisition of the first thermal data. Based on the differential heat data obtained from the above, the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate is calculated,
A method for measuring the amount of supplied waste, which is characterized in that Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste incineration method in the furnace,
An imaging step for obtaining a thermal image by imaging the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate with an infrared camera attached to the wall of the combustion chamber,
An image processing step of processing a thermal image obtained by an infrared camera with an image processing device,
And a control step of controlling the incinerator by the output obtained in the image processing step,
The image processing step is a difference between a first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and a second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed since the first thermal image was captured. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing of, the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate is calculated,
The control step controls the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained in the image processing step,
A waste incineration method characterized in that Grate-type waste incineration in which waste on the receiving bed located below the chute that receives the input of waste is extruded toward the front combustion chamber and drops are supplied to the grate located below the receiving bed. In the waste incineration method in the furnace,
A thermal data acquisition step for obtaining thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving bed and on the grate with a thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber;
A thermal data processing step of processing thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition device by the thermal data processing device;
And a control step of controlling the incinerator with a controller based on the output obtained by the thermal data processing device,
The thermal data processing step performs thermal data processing on the difference between the first thermal data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time has passed from the acquisition of the first thermal data. Based on the differential heat data obtained from the above, the amount of waste supply from the bed to the grate is calculated,
The control process controls the operating end of the incinerator based on the waste supply amount obtained in the thermal data processing process,
A waste incineration method characterized in that

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