JP2001355819A - Method and device for quantitatively supplying refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method by which refuse can be incinerated stably, the generated amount of CO can be reduced, the occurrence of unburned refuse can be prevented, and the generation of dioxins can be suppressed by quantitatively supplying the refuse to an incinerator from the bottom of a hopper. SOLUTION: The picture of the top face of refuse in the hopper 3 is taken with a TV camera 8 and the volume of the refuse in the hopper 3 is calculated from the taken picture. In addition, the supplied weight of the refuse per unit time is calculated based on the calculated volume and the weight of the refuse thrown in the hopper 3 and a refuse supplying means 1 is controlled so as to fix the weight of the refuse supplied by means of the supplying means 1 based on the calculated supplied weight.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for quantitatively supplying garbage, which is mainly used in an incinerator for incinerating municipal waste and industrial waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a hopper is attached to an incinerator for incinerating municipal waste and industrial waste, and the garbage is picked up by a crane and thrown into the hopper. The dust is supplied to a step-type stoker in the incinerator by a dust supply device arranged below the hopper. Here, there are various types of dusting devices, and a pusher-type device and a screw-conveyor-type device for extruding waste toward a refuse incinerator by reciprocating motion are often used.

By the way, when the refuse in the hopper is supplied to the incinerator using the above-described dust supply device, in order to stably supply the refuse, the dust supply device is located above the drying stoker in the incinerator. A level sensor is provided at the entrance to detect the height of the garbage, and the information on the detected garbage height and the operating speed of the combustion device (dry stoker) arranged on the downstream side Based on the information, the operation speed of the dust feeding device is controlled.

[0004]

However, in the conventional control method, the amount of dust in the hopper is increased, so that the refuse at the bottom of the hopper is compacted and the specific gravity of the refuse is increased. If the specific gravity of the substance itself is large, the supply amount of the refuse increases, so that there is a problem that it is extremely difficult to perform the quantitative supply of the refuse. In this way, if quantitative supply is not performed, the amount of waste in the incinerator becomes uneven and combustion becomes unstable, causing fluctuations in the furnace temperature, fluctuations in the amount of CO, and generation of unburned substances, As a result, the generation of dioxins is increased. Further, in the case of a plant with a boiler, fluctuations in the amount of evaporation necessitate the need to increase or decrease the combustion air and adjust the speed of the combustor in order to compensate for the fluctuations, which breaks the balance of stable combustion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and enables a constant supply of refuse to the incinerator from the lower part of the hopper, thereby enabling stable combustion of refuse,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for quantitatively supplying garbage, which can contribute to reducing the generation of CO, preventing the generation of unburned substances, and suppressing the generation of dioxins.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems and Action / Effect In order to achieve the above object, a method for quantitatively supplying refuse according to a first aspect of the present invention is to incinerate refuse introduced into a hopper from a lower portion of the hopper by a dust supplying means. A method for quantitatively supplying refuse to be supplied to a furnace, wherein the degree of change in the amount of refuse in the hopper is detected, and the supply weight of refuse supplied by the dust supply unit becomes constant based on the detection result. Thus, the dust supply means is controlled.

According to the present invention, for example, data such as the volume of waste in the hopper and the weight of waste are measured, and based on the measured data, the data is converted into data on the degree of fluctuation of the amount of waste using known experimental data. Based on the data, the dusting means is controlled so that the supply weight of the refuse supplied by the dusting means becomes constant. With such control,
It is possible to supply a fixed amount of waste to the incinerator. As a result, it is possible to stably burn the waste, reduce the generation of CO, prevent the generation of unburned substances, and suppress the generation of dioxins.

Next, a quantitative waste supply apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is a waste quantitative supply apparatus configured to supply the waste put into the hopper to an incinerator from a lower portion of the hopper by a dust feeding means. Imaging means for capturing an image of the upper surface of the refuse in the hopper; calculating the volume of the refuse in the hopper from the image captured by the imaging means; Calculating means for calculating the refuse supply weight per unit time based on the weight of the refuse to be supplied, and the refuse supply means for calculating the supply weight of the refuse supplied by the dust supply means based on the calculation result by the calculation means. It is characterized by comprising control means for controlling the dust supply means.

The second invention relates to an embodiment of an apparatus for more specifically realizing the quantitative waste supply method according to the first invention. First, an image on an upper surface of a hopper is captured by an imaging means. The volume of the refuse in the hopper is calculated by image processing of the captured image, and the weight of the refuse is calculated by weighing the refuse into the hopper by, for example, a crane. Based on the data of the volume and weight of the waste, the specific gravity of the waste and the supply weight of the waste per unit time are calculated, and based on the calculation result, the feeding means is controlled by the control means so that the supply weight of the waste is constant. You. Thus, the first
The same operation and effect as the invention can be obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the quantitative supply device for refuse according to the third invention is a quantitative supply device for refuse, wherein the refuse introduced into the hopper is supplied to the incinerator from the lower part of the hopper by a dust supply means, Weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the hopper in which the garbage is stored, calculating means for calculating the refuse supply weight per unit time from the weight of the hopper measured by the weight measuring means, and a calculation result by the calculating means And control means for controlling the dust supply means so that the supply weight of the refuse supplied by the dust supply means becomes constant based on the above.

The third invention relates to another aspect of the apparatus for more specifically realizing the method for quantitatively supplying refuse according to the first invention. First, refuse is stored by weight measuring means. The weight of the hopper is measured directly, the refuse supply weight per unit time is calculated from the data on the measured weight, and the control means supplies the refuse supply weight so as to be constant based on the calculation result. The dust means is controlled. Thus, it is possible to achieve the same operation and effect as the first invention.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the second and third aspects, the dusting means is a pusher device for pushing out debris by reciprocating motion, and the control means is a speed or a stroke of the pusher device. By controlling at least one of the above, the supply weight of the refuse is controlled. in this way,
When a device using a pusher device is adopted as the dusting means, the supply weight of the refuse can be controlled by controlling one or both of the operation speed and the stroke of the pusher device.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, specific embodiments of the method and apparatus for quantitatively supplying waste according to the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 shows a system configuration diagram of a quantitative supply apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

In the present embodiment, a dust supply device 1 is provided below a hopper 3 for storing refuse, which is attached to a stoker type incinerator 2 for incinerating refuse and the like, and includes a drying stoker 4.
a, is provided at the most upstream part of the staircase type stoker 4 including the combustion stoker 4b and the post-combustion stoker 4c. The dusting device 1 is a pusher-type device, and a pusher 6 that reciprocates along the upper surface of a flat step 5.
And a drive mechanism 7 for reciprocating the pusher 6. Thus, the refuse input by the crane (not shown) from above the hopper 3 is sequentially dropped on the step 5, and the refuse on the step 5 is sequentially cut out on the drying stoker 4a by the reciprocating motion of the pusher 6.

A television camera 8 as an imaging means is installed above the hopper 3, and the television camera 8 captures an image of the situation inside the hopper 3, in other words, the situation of the garbage 10 accommodated in the hopper 3. It is supposed to be. The image captured by the television camera 8 is input to the controller 9 and subjected to image processing. On the other hand, the input weight of the refuse input by the crane is measured by a weight detector (not shown) attached to the crane, and the measurement data is also input to the controller 9. The controller 9 calculates a control signal for the drive mechanism 7 of the dust feeding apparatus 1 based on the input data as described later, and outputs the control signal to the drive mechanism 7.

Next, the control flow of the dust feeding apparatus 1 in this embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

S1: The state of the dust 10 inside the hopper 3 is imaged by the television camera 8, and the image is input to the controller 9. In addition, the garbage crane measures the weight of the garbage for one time, and inputs the measured data to the controller 9. S2: Since the image from the television camera 8 shows the surface shape of the dust 10 as shown in FIG. 3, the surface area of the dust 10 obtained from this image and the shape of the hopper 3 are used in the hopper 3 by image processing. The volume of the refuse 10 is calculated. S3: Calculate the amount of refuse supplied in one reciprocation of the pusher 6 (n-1 times and n times).

S4: Based on the calculation result of the previous step S3 and the number of reciprocations of the pusher 6, the supply volume of the refuse supplied by the pusher 6 from the previous input of the refuse by the refuse crane to the present input is calculated. S5: The specific gravity (supply volume / weight) of the refuse is calculated from the data of the refuse crane weight of one refuse input in step S1 and the data of the refuse supply volume calculated in the previous step S4. . S6: Calculate the moving average value of the refuse specific gravity.

S7-S8: Relationship between waste specific gravity and waste supply weight stored in advance in a storage device in controller 9 using the calculated moving average value of waste specific gravity (experimental data)
Based on, the waste supply weight per unit time (t / h) is calculated. Then, the operation speed (dusting speed) of the pusher 6 is calculated so that the waste supply weight (t / h) becomes constant. As shown in FIG. 4A, the relationship between the specific gravity of refuse and the supply weight of refuse is represented by a plurality of curves rising to the right using the operating speed of the pusher 6 as a parameter. From this, a curve that makes the waste supply weight a constant value b for a predetermined waste specific gravity value a, in other words, the operating speed (dusting speed) of the pusher 6 is calculated. In the illustrated example, “pusher speed 2” is selected. S9: A control signal is output to the drive mechanism 7 of the pusher 6 based on the calculated feeding speed.

By performing such control,
The supply weight of the refuse to the incinerator 2 can be kept constant, whereby the refuse can be stably burned in the incinerator 2 to reduce the generation of CO and prevent the generation of unburned substances. Can be suppressed.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 5 shows a system configuration diagram of a quantitative supply device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the present embodiment, there are basically no differences from the first embodiment in the configuration of the incinerator 2, the dust supply device 1, and the like. Therefore, portions common to the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. Hereinafter, only the features unique to the present embodiment will be described.

In this embodiment, the support portion 1 of the hopper 3
1 is provided with a weighing scale (weight measuring means) 12 such as a load cell, and the weighing scale 12 can directly measure the weight of dust in the hopper 3.

In such a configuration, when data relating to the refuse weight measured by the weighing scale 12 is input to the controller 9, the controller 9 uses the input data to output the refuse supply weight per unit time (t / h) is calculated, and the operation speed (dusting speed) of the pusher 6 is calculated such that the waste supply weight (t / h) becomes constant. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), there is the same relationship as shown in FIG. 4 (a) between the refuse weight in the hopper and the refuse supply weight. From inside, a curve is calculated such that the waste supply weight is constant with respect to the predetermined waste weight. Thus, similarly to the first embodiment, a control signal is output to the drive mechanism 7 of the pusher 6 based on the calculated feeding speed.

In each of the embodiments described above, the operation speed of the pusher 6 is controlled so that the refuse supply weight becomes constant. However, instead of controlling the operation speed of the pusher, the stroke of the pusher 6 is controlled. You may do it. Further, both the operation speed and the stroke of the pusher 6 can be controlled simultaneously.

Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the one using the pusher type dust feeding means has been described. However, the idea of the present invention is that the other type of dust feeding means (for example, the screw type dust feeding means) is used. The same can be applied.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a quantitative supply device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a control flow of the dust supply device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image of a dust surface obtained by a television camera;

FIG. 4A is a graph showing the relationship between the specific gravity of the refuse and the refuse supply weight, and FIG. 4B is a graph showing the relationship between the refuse weight in the hopper and the refuse supply weight.

FIG. 5 is a system configuration diagram of a quantitative supply device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dust supply apparatus 2 Incinerator 3 Hopper 4 Stair type stoker 6 Pusher 7 Drive mechanism 8 TV camera 9 Controller 10 Garbage 11 Support part 12 Weighing scale

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Satoshi Nishio 2-33, Kinrakuji-cho, Amagasaki-shi, Hyogo F-term in Takuma Co., Ltd. (reference) 3K062 AA02 AB01 AC01 BA02 CA00 CA08 CB01 DA33 DA40 DB01 DB03

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for quantitatively supplying refuse, wherein refuse introduced into a hopper is supplied from a lower portion of the hopper to an incinerator by a dust supplying means, wherein a degree of fluctuation of the amount of refuse in the hopper is detected. A method for quantitatively supplying garbage, wherein the dust supply means is controlled based on the detection result so that the supply weight of the refuse supplied by the dust supply means is constant. 2. An apparatus for quantitatively supplying garbage, wherein refuse introduced into a hopper is supplied from a lower portion of the hopper to an incinerator by dusting means, wherein an image of an upper surface of the refuse in the hopper is taken. Imaging means, and calculating the volume of the refuse in the hopper from the image captured by the imaging means, and based on the calculated refuse volume and the weight of the refuse to be thrown into the hopper, per unit time. A calculating means for calculating a supply weight of the refuse; and a control means for controlling the dust feeding means such that the supply weight of the refuse supplied by the dust feeding means is constant based on the calculation result by the calculating means. Characteristic garbage supply device. 3. A refuse quantitative supply device for supplying refuse to the incinerator from a lower part of the hopper by a dust supply means, wherein the hopper containing the refuse is weighed. Weight measuring means, calculating means for calculating the supply weight of garbage per unit time from the weight of the hopper measured by the weight measuring means, and refuse supplied by the dust supplying means based on the calculation result by the calculating means. And a control means for controlling the dust supply means so that the supply weight of the waste is constant. 4. The dust feeding means is a pusher device for pushing out dust by reciprocating motion, and the control means controls at least one of a speed and a stroke of the pusher device to supply the weight of the dust. 4. The garbage quantitative supply device according to claim 2, wherein the garbage is controlled.