JPH07119946A - Waste incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable automatic and accurate sensing of the moisture content contained in waste in a hopper to be carried out irrespective of any state of waste surface and then a combustion condition as well as a discharged smoke processing condition to be automatically controlled in response to the result of sensing. CONSTITUTION:This incinerator comprises a waste quality sensing device 6, and a combustion control means 7 for controlling at least a waste supplying condition of the waste supplying condition for supplying waste from a hopper into a incinerator, a combustion state within the incinerator and a discharged smoke processing state in response to the detected density of the waste to be ignited. A waste quality sensing device 6 is comprised of a volume sensing means 61 for sensing the height of the dust measured from the reference plane in the hopper storing the waste and for find the volume of the waste within the hopper in response to the height, a weight sensing means 62 for sensing the weight of the waste fed into the hopper and find the weight of the waste in the hopper and a density calculating means 63 for calculating the density of the waste in response to the weight of the waste as well as the obtained volume of the waste.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention mainly relates to a refuse incinerator for incinerating refuse, and more particularly to a refuse incinerator for automatically controlling combustion conditions and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In operating an incinerator, it is generally required to incinerate incinerators reliably and efficiently and to reduce harmful emissions. In order to meet these requirements, it is necessary to appropriately adjust combustion conditions such as thermal power and smoke exhaust treatment conditions such as secondary combustion temperature. In these adjustments, it is necessary to monitor the physical properties of the incinerated material (quality of the incinerated material), the combustion state, etc. for a long time and continue to make fine adjustments according to the monitoring results, which is cumbersome and cumbersome to perform manually. Since it is a work, automatic control is desired.

[0003]

On the other hand, considering the quality of the incinerated substances to be monitored, in the waste incinerator, the incinerated waste often contains water, and the amount of water contained in the incinerator is large. Varies greatly. And
Waste that contains a large amount of water tends to be less likely to burn (so-called waste quality is poor). Therefore, the amount of water contained in the refuse is one of the major factors as the quality of incinerated substances to be monitored when controlling the combustion conditions and the flue gas treatment conditions.

From the above description, it is desirable to have a refuse incinerator that can automatically detect the amount of water contained in refuse as waste material and automatically control combustion conditions and flue gas treatment conditions according to the detection results. Has been done.

Here, the amount of water contained in the dust has a correlation with the density of the dust. Then, the density of dust is calculated from the weight and volume of dust detected.

In the waste incinerator, the volume of the waste can be detected by detecting the volume of the waste in the hopper that stores the waste to be incinerated, for example. Further, since the shape of the inside of the hopper is known in advance, the volume of dust inside the hopper can be obtained by detecting the height of the surface of the dust inside the hopper from the reference plane.

Conventionally, distance measuring means using ultrasonic waves has been proposed as means for detecting the height of dust in the hopper.

However, the surface of the dust in the hopper is usually uneven, and the distance measuring means using ultrasonic waves disturbs the reflection of ultrasonic waves, making accurate distance measurement difficult. However, the reality is that measurement is possible only in a very narrow range where ultrasonic waves are reflected. Therefore, there is a problem that the distance measuring means using ultrasonic waves cannot accurately detect dust density (dust quality).

An object of the present invention is to provide a refuse incinerator capable of automatically detecting the amount of water contained in the refuse and automatically controlling the combustion condition and the flue gas treatment condition according to the detection result. .

Another object of the present invention is to provide a refuse incinerator capable of accurately detecting the density of dust regardless of the state of the dust surface in the hopper.

[0011]

According to the present invention, the height of the surface of the waste in the hopper that stores the waste to be incinerated from the reference plane is detected by image processing, and the height of the inside of the hopper is determined based on this height. Volume detection means for obtaining the volume of the waste, weight detection means for detecting the weight of the waste put in the hopper to obtain the weight of the waste in the hopper, and the obtained volume of the waste and the weight of the waste Based on the density of the waste material to be incinerated based on the density calculation means for calculating the density of the waste to be incinerated, and the detected density of the incineration to be incinerated, the supply and control of the waste to be supplied from the hopper into the furnace, There is provided a refuse incinerator characterized by having a combustion control means for controlling at least the amount of supply of dust among the amount of combustion in the furnace and the amount of smoke treatment.

Further, according to the present invention, the volume detecting means in the dust detecting device is provided with an illumination light source for projecting a predetermined illumination light onto the surface of the dust in the hopper, and the illumination light is projected. A television camera that images the surface of the dust in the hopper, and an image that performs predetermined image processing on the image signal obtained from the television camera to detect the height of the surface of the dust from the reference plane. The waste incinerator provided with a processing unit and a volume calculation unit that calculates the volume of dust in the hopper based on the height of the detected dust from the reference plane and the shape of the hopper that is known in advance is obtained. To be

Further, according to the present invention, the weight detecting means in the dust quality detecting device is provided in a crane for sequentially loading refuse to be incinerated into the hopper, and detects the weight of each loading into the hopper. The refuse incinerator is provided with the input weight detection unit and the weight calculation unit that calculates the weight of the dust in the hopper by integrating the detected input weights.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A refuse incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a refuse incinerator according to this embodiment. In Figure 1, this waste incinerator is
Incinerator body 1, garbage pit 2 that temporarily stores refuse 4 from a garbage truck, etc., and a crane that conveys refuse 4 to be incinerated from the garbage pit 2 to the incinerator body 1 and sequentially loads it into a hopper described later. 3, a re-combustion device 5 (only indicated by a reference numeral) for re-combusting the flue gas when the trash 4 is incinerated in the incinerator body 1 (only indicated by a reference numeral), and a trash quality detection device 6 described later. And combustion control means 7.

The incinerator body 1 comprises a funnel-shaped hopper 11 for storing refuse 4 to be incinerated, which is sequentially loaded by a crane 3, and a feeder 12 for supplying the refuse 4 stored in the hopper 11 into the furnace. A stoker 13 that moves the inside of the furnace 4 to burn it while appropriately stirring the refuse 4 supplied into the furnace, a blower 14 that wipes the combustion air from the lower side of the furnace into the furnace, and adjusts the amount of combustion air It is provided with a plurality of air dampers 15.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a main part of the refuse incinerator. Referring to FIG. 2 and also to FIG. 1 if necessary, the present refuse incinerator detects the height of the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 from the reference plane by image processing, and based on this height, the hopper 11 Volume detection means 6 for obtaining the volume of dust 4 in the
1 and weight detection means 6 for detecting the total weight of the dust 4 thrown into the hopper 11 to obtain the weight of the dust 4 inside the hopper 11.
2 and the density calculation means 63 for calculating the density of the refuse 4 to be incinerated based on the obtained volume and the weight of the refuse 4.
Based on the density of the refuse quality detection device 6 consisting of and the detected waste 4 to be incinerated, the amount of the dust 4 supplied from the hopper 11 into the furnace, the amount of combustion in the furnace, the amount of smoke treatment, etc. Combustion control means 7 for controlling

The volume detecting means 61 is installed on the upper side of the hopper 11, and is also installed on the upper side of the hopper 11 and an illuminating light source 611 for projecting a predetermined illumination light on the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11. A television camera 612 that captures the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 that has been projected with light (hereinafter,
(Represented simply as camera 612), an image processing unit 613 that performs predetermined image processing on the image signal obtained from camera 612 to detect the height of the surface of dust 4 from the reference plane, and A volume calculation unit 614 is provided for calculating the volume of the dust 4 in the hopper based on the height of the surface of the dust 4 from the reference plane and the information indicating the shape of the inside of the hopper stored in advance.

The image processing unit 613 includes an image input device 613a for converting an analog image signal obtained from the camera 612 into a digital image signal, an image memory 613b for storing the digital image signal, and an image memory 613b.
And a calculator 613c for calculating the height of the surface of the dust 4 from the reference plane by the method described later from the digital image signal stored in.

The weight detecting means 62 is provided in the crane 3 for sequentially putting the refuse 4 to be incinerated into the hopper 11, and the weight detecting means 621 for detecting the weight of the hopper 11 at each time is detected. Weight calculation unit 622 that calculates the weight of the dust 4 in the hopper by integrating the input weights
It has and. The weight calculation unit 622 sequentially stores the input weights detected by the input weight detection unit 621 each time, and a calculator 622b that reads the input weights stored in the memory 622a and accumulates the read weights. It has and.

Next, the operation of the main incinerator having the above-described structure will be described.

First, the volume detection means 6 of the dust detection device 6
No. 1 operation example, the computer 6 in the image processing unit 613
An example in which 13c calculates the height of the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 from the reference plane will be mainly described.

[Calculation Example 1] FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the calculation example 1 and conceptually shows the mutual positional relationship of the focus of the camera 612, the surface of the dust 4, and the like. Also, FIG.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of an image of the surface of the dust 4.

In the calculation example 1, an elongated linear slit light is projected from the illumination light source 611. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 is illuminated obliquely above the surface of the dust 4 with slit light. The image of the surface of the dust 4 is captured by the camera 612 under such illumination.

Here, when the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 is irradiated with the slit light, a linear portion having high brightness (hereinafter referred to as a slit) is formed on the surface of the dust 4 as shown in FIG. A certain point on the boundary portion on one side of this slit is designated as Q.

On the other hand, if the slit light reaches the reference plane,
Further, it is assumed that the reflected light is a slit projected at the height H from the reference plane, which is the same as the point Q when the reflected light goes to the focal point of the camera 612. The point corresponding to the assumed point Q on the slit is P. Then, when the length of the line segment QP on the surface of the dust 4 is a and the length of the line segment QP on the image captured by the camera 612 is x, the following formula 1 is established.

[0027]

[Equation 1] However, the focal length of the camera 612 is f, and the distance from the focus of the camera 612 to the surface of the dust 4 is L.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the distance parallel to the paper surface between the intersection of the slit light and the surface at the height m from the same reference plane as the focal point of the camera 612 and the focal point of the camera 612 is d. Then, the following Expression 2 is established.

[0029]

[Equation 2] If the distance a is deleted from the formulas 1 and 2, the following formula 3 is established.

[0030]

[Equation 3] If the length x of the line segment QP on the image is measured and is put into the formula 3, the focus of the camera 612 and the dust 4 in the hopper 11
The distance L to the surface of is obtained. Further, by subtracting the distance L from the distance m, the height H of the surface of the dust 4 from the reference plane can be obtained.

Since the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 is usually uneven, it is better to obtain the distance L at a plurality of points on the boundary of the slit by the above method and calculate the average value. It is preferable for obtaining the degree.

[Calculation Example 2] FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the calculation example 2 and conceptually shows the mutual positional relationship such as the focus of the camera 612 and the surface of the dust 4. In addition, FIG.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a slit plate described later.

In Calculation Example 2, as shown in FIG. 5, below the illumination light source 611, a slit plate 12 having a plurality of slit holes at equal intervals is installed as shown in FIG.
The dust 4 inside is illuminated so that a striped pattern is formed on the surface of the dust 4. Under such illumination, the image of the dust 4 is captured by the camera 612.

Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the light source 1 is a slit plate whose width between adjacent slit holes is a.
It is installed so that the distance from the focus of 0 is s. At this time, the width of the dark portion of the slit corresponding to the plate portion having the width a is projected on the surface of the dust 4 which is separated from the focus of the light source 10 by m as in the following Expression 4b.

[0035]

[Equation 4] When the surface of the dust 4 is photographed by the camera 612 having the focal length f, and the width of the dark portion of the slit on the image is x, the distance L between the surface of the dust 4 and the focal point of the camera 612 is as follows. It is obtained by the formula 5 shown in.

[0036]

[Equation 5] Further, the focus of the camera 612 is a distance d from the focus of the light source.
It is supposed to be set high. That is, the following Equation 6 is established.

[0037]

[Equation 6] From Expressions 4 to 6, the distance L between the focus of the camera 612 and the surface of the dust 4 is calculated as shown in Expression 7 below.

[0038]

[Equation 7] Therefore, if the height at which the camera 612 is installed is measured in advance, the height of the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 can be known.

However, the focus of the camera 612 and the height of the light source do not match, that is, other than d = 0.

Equation 7 is also valid when L> m, that is, d <0.

In Calculation Example 2, if the width x of the dark portion of the slit on the surface of the dust 4 photographed in the image is calculated, the following equations 4 to 4 are obtained.
The distance L can be calculated by Expression 7. In addition, the camera 61
By subtracting the distance L from the distance between the focal point of 2 and the reference plane (not shown), the height of the surface of the dust 4 from the reference plane can be obtained.

Since the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 is generally not a plane, the distance x between the shadows of the slits captured in the image has different values in the image. Therefore, in Calculation Example 2,
The width x of the dark portion of the slit in the image is obtained at several points in the image, and the average value is used as the width of the dark portion of the slit. Accordingly, even if the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 is not flat, the average height of the surface of the dust 4 can be measured.

When perfect parallel light is used as the light source, the following formula 8 is used instead of formula 7.

[0044]

[Equation 8]

Subsequently, in the volume detecting means 61, the calculator 613c in the image processing unit 613 calculates the height of the surface of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 from the reference plane by the calculation example 1 or the calculation example 2 described above. The volume calculation unit 614
The volume of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 is calculated based on the height of the surface of the dust 4 obtained from the reference plane and information stored in advance that represents the shape of the cross-sectional area in the hopper 11 and the like.

On the other hand, in the weight detection means 62, the input weight detection unit 621 detects the weight input to the hopper 11 of the crane 3 each time, and the weight input each time is stored in the memory 622a of the weight calculation unit 622. The calculator 622b of the weight calculation unit 622 reads the input weight stored in the memory 622a every time and accumulates it. by this,
The weight of the dust 4 in the hopper 11 is calculated.

Then, the density detecting means 63 calculates the density of the dust 4 to be incinerated based on the obtained volume of the dust 4 and the weight of the dust 4.

As described above, the dust quality detection device 6
Can detect the density of the waste 4 as the quality of the waste 4 to be incinerated.

In the dust detection device 6, the calculator 613c and the volume calculator 614 of the image processor 613 in the volume detector 61, the calculator 622b of the weight calculator 622 in the weight detector 62, and the density calculator 6 are included.
Needless to say, 3 may be configured by one computer.

Next, the combustion control means 7 drives the feeder 12 to adjust the amount of the dust 4 supplied from the hopper 11 into the furnace based on the density of the dust 4 to be incinerated detected by the dust quality detector 6. Then, the amount of combustion in the furnace is controlled by driving the air damper 15 or the like. In addition, a control signal is output to the reburning device 5 to control the amount of smoke processing. still,
The control based on the density of the refuse 4 to be incinerated may be, for example, control of stirring of the stoker 13 or the like, and is not limited to the above example.

In general, in a refuse incinerator, it is necessary to store a certain amount of dust in the hopper in order to prevent the flame in the furnace from flowing back into the hopper. In response to this need as well, the incinerator detects the height of dust in the hopper by image processing without visual inspection, and makes sure that the amount of dust in the hopper exceeds a certain amount. It is also possible to automatically control the closing operation. Further, when the dust is caught in the hopper and is not fed into the furnace, the height of the dust in the hopper does not change with time. Therefore, it is possible to detect an accident in which dust is caught in the hopper by measuring the height variation of dust over time.

[0052]

The refuse incinerator according to the present invention can automatically detect the amount of water contained in the refuse, and can automatically control the combustion conditions and the flue gas treatment conditions according to the detection results. In addition, the density of dust can be accurately detected regardless of the unevenness of the dust surface in the hopper.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a refuse incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a main part of the refuse incinerator shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram conceptually showing a mutual positional relationship such as a focus of a television camera of the refuse incinerator shown in FIG. 1 and a surface of refuse.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an image of the surface of the refuse of the refuse incinerator shown in FIG.

5 is a diagram conceptually showing a mutual positional relationship such as a focus of a television camera of the refuse incinerator shown in FIG. 1 and a surface of refuse.

6 is a diagram showing a slit plate in the configuration shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Incinerator Main Body 2 Waste Pit 3 Crane 4 Waste 5 Reburning Device 6 Waste Quality Detection Device 7 Combustion Control Means 11 Hopper 12 Feeder 13 Stalker 14 Push-in Blower 15 Air Damper 61 Volume Detection Means 62 Weight Detection Means 63 Density Calculation Means 611 Lighting Light source 612 Television camera (camera) 613 Image processing unit 614 Volume calculation unit 621 Input weight detection unit 622 Weight calculation unit

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tetsuo Sumita 2-4-15 Yato-cho, Tanashi-shi, Tokyo Sumitomo Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A volume detecting means for detecting the height of the surface of the waste in the hopper that stores the waste to be incinerated from the reference plane by image processing and obtaining the volume of the waste in the hopper based on this height. , A weight detection means for detecting the weight of the dust put in the hopper to obtain the weight of the dust in the hopper, and the density of the dust to be incinerated based on the obtained volume of the dust and the weight of the dust. Based on the detected density of the waste material, which comprises a density calculation means for calculating the density of the waste to be incinerated, the amount of the waste supplied from the hopper into the furnace, the amount of combustion in the furnace, and the treatment of smoke emission A waste incinerator, comprising: a combustion control means for controlling at least the amount of refuse supplied and controlled. 2. The volume detecting means in the dust quality detecting device comprises: an illumination light source for projecting a predetermined illumination light onto the surface of dust in the hopper; and a dust in the hopper to which the illumination light is projected. A television camera that images the surface, an image processing unit that performs predetermined image processing on an image signal obtained from the television camera to detect the height of the surface of the dust from a reference plane, and detection. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising: a volume calculation unit that calculates the volume of the waste in the hopper based on the height of the surface of the collected waste from the reference plane and the shape of the hopper known in advance. 3. The weight detection means in the dust quality detection device is provided in a crane that sequentially inputs the waste to be incinerated into the hopper, and a weight detection unit that detects the weight of each input to the hopper. The refuse incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a weight calculation unit that calculates the weight of the waste in the hopper by adding up the detected input weights.