JP7059955B2 - Waste supply measuring device and method and waste incinerator device and method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a waste supply amount measuring device and method in a waste incinerator and a waste incinerator and method.

In order to stabilize the combustion of waste in the grate-type waste incinerator, accurately grasp the amount or speed of supply of waste on the grate in the combustion chamber, and operate the incinerator accordingly. It is necessary to control properly. However, in the grate type waste incinerator, due to the structure and the indefinite supply of waste from the outside to the furnace chute, disposal from the receiving bed at the bottom of the chute to the grate in the furnace. It was difficult to accurately grasp the supply amount of goods and the supply amount per unit time.

On the other hand, in order to stabilize the combustion in the furnace, there have been some attempts to obtain information on the incinerator waste such as the amount and temperature of the waste on the grate.

For example, in Patent Document 1, an infrared camera is installed on the side wall of a grate-type waste incinerator, and a specific wavelength is selected from the infrared rays emitted from the burning waste on the grate to measure the intensity thereof. By doing so, the temperature of the waste on the grate is recognized without being affected by the flame, and by obtaining the temperature distribution, the surface position of the waste layer, that is, the thickness of the waste layer on the grate can be determined. You can know. Further, from the waste layer temperature, it is possible to obtain waste drying information by referring to the relationship between the temperature of the waste layer and the dry state obtained in advance.

Further, in Patent Document 2, the heat of waste is measured by selecting and measuring a specific wavelength from the infrared rays from the burning waste by an infrared camera provided on the side wall of the grate type waste incinerator. Image data is obtained at time intervals, and the amount of moving pixels is measured by optical flow for the two thermal image data at these intervals to obtain the moving speed of waste on the grate.

Further, in Patent Document 3, as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, an infrared camera provided on the side wall of the furnace selects a specific wavelength from the infrared rays from the burning waste on the grate and determines the intensity thereof. By measuring, the height of the waste layer on the grate is obtained from the thermal image showing the temperature distribution of the waste.

JP-A-2017-116252 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-021686 JP-A-2017-187228

However, all of the waste information obtained by Patent Documents 1 to 3 is to know the state of the waste on the grate in the burning state after the waste is supplied from the chute to the grate. It does not mean that the amount of waste supplied from the chute to the grate is directly measured and grasped.

In view of this situation, the present invention is a waste supply amount measuring device that measures the amount of waste supplied from the chute to the grate before burning the waste in order to stabilize the combustion of the waste in the incinerator. And methods and to provide waste incinerators and methods.

According to the present invention, the waste supply amount measuring device, the waste incinerator device, the waste supply amount measuring method, and the waste incinerator method are configured as follows.

[Waste supply measuring device]
The waste supply amount measuring device is configured as the following first invention or second invention.

<First invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that extrudes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the waste supply measuring device in the furnace
An infrared camera that is attached to the wall of the combustion chamber and captures the waste on the receiving floor and grate to obtain a thermal image.
It has an image processing device that processes thermal images from an infrared camera.
The image processing device is a difference between the first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time from the time of capturing the first thermal image. It is set to obtain the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate based on the difference image obtained by image processing.
A waste supply measuring device characterized by the fact that.

<Second invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that extrudes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the waste supply measuring device in the furnace
A thermal data acquisition device mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate,
It has a thermal data processing device that processes thermal data from the thermal data acquisition device.
The thermal data processing device processes the difference between the first heat data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second heat data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time from the acquisition of the first heat data. Based on the differential heat data obtained, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate is set to be calculated.
A waste supply measuring device characterized by the fact that.

[Waste incinerator]
The waste incinerator is configured as the following third or fourth invention.

<Third invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that pushes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the furnace
An infrared camera that is attached to the wall of the combustion chamber and captures the waste on the receiving floor and grate to obtain a thermal image.
An image processing device that processes thermal images from an infrared camera,
It has a control device that controls the incinerator by receiving the output from the image processing device.
The image processing device is a difference between the first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time from the time of capturing the first thermal image. It is set to calculate the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate based on the difference image obtained by image processing.
The control device is set to emit a signal to control the operating end of the incinerator based on the amount of waste supplied by the image processing device.
A waste incinerator that features this.

<Fourth invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that pushes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the furnace
A thermal data acquisition device mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate,
A thermal data processing device that processes thermal data from a thermal data acquisition device,
It has a control device that controls the incinerator by receiving the output from the heat data processing device.
The thermal data processing device processes the difference between the first heat data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second heat data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time from the acquisition of the first heat data. Based on the differential heat data obtained, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate is set to be calculated.
The control device is set to emit a signal to control the operating end of the incinerator based on the amount of waste supplied by the thermal data processing device.
A waste incinerator that features this.

[Measurement method of waste supply amount]
The waste supply amount measuring method is configured as the following fifth invention or sixth invention.

<Fifth invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that extrudes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the method of measuring the amount of waste supplied in the furnace
An imaging process to obtain a thermal image by imaging the waste on the receiving floor and the grate with an infrared camera mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber, and
It has an image processing step of processing a thermal image obtained by an infrared camera with an image processing device.
In the image processing step, the difference between the first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time from the time of imaging the first thermal image. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate is calculated.
A method for measuring the amount of waste supplied.

<Sixth invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that extrudes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the method of measuring the amount of waste supplied in the furnace
A thermal data acquisition process that obtains thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate with a thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber.
It has a thermal data processing process in which the thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition apparatus is processed by the thermal data processing apparatus.
In the heat data processing step, the difference between the first heat data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second heat data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time from the acquisition of the first heat data is processed as heat data. Based on the differential heat data obtained, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate is calculated.
A method for measuring the amount of waste supplied.

[Waste incinerator method]
The waste incinerator method is configured as the following seventh invention or eighth invention.

<Seventh invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that extrudes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the method of incinerating waste in a furnace
An imaging process to obtain a thermal image by imaging the waste on the receiving floor and the grate with an infrared camera mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber, and
An image processing process that processes a thermal image obtained by an infrared camera with an image processing device,
It has a control process that controls the incinerator by the output obtained in the image processing process.
In the image processing step, the difference between the first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time from the time of imaging the first thermal image. Based on the difference image obtained by image processing, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate is calculated.
The control process controls the operating end of the incinerator based on the amount of waste supplied in the image processing process.
A waste incinerator method characterized by that.

<Eighth invention>
Grate-type waste incinerator that extrudes the waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the waste input toward the front combustion chamber and drops the waste onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the method of incinerating waste in a furnace
A thermal data acquisition process that obtains thermal data of the waste from the waste on the receiving floor and on the grate with a thermal data acquisition device attached to the wall of the combustion chamber.
A thermal data processing process in which the thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition device is processed by the thermal data processing device,
It has a control process in which the incinerator is controlled by a control device based on the output obtained in the thermal data processing process.
In the heat data processing step, the difference between the first heat data obtained from the waste at an arbitrary time and the second heat data obtained from the waste after a predetermined time from the acquisition of the first heat data is processed as heat data. Based on the differential heat data obtained, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed to the grate is calculated.
The control process controls the operating end of the incinerator based on the amount of waste supplied in the thermal data processing process.
A waste incinerator method characterized by that.

[Principle of invention]
In the first, third, fifth, and seventh inventions, an infrared camera is used to image the waste on the receiving floor and the grate to obtain a thermal image. This thermal image is the difference between the first thermal image obtained by imaging the waste at an arbitrary time and the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste after a predetermined time from the time of capturing the first thermal image. Image processing is performed to obtain a difference image. The difference image between the first thermal image and the second thermal image is a change in the thermal image of the waste with the lapse of the predetermined time, which means that the waste falls from the receiving floor to the grate, that is, is supplied in this predetermined time. Corresponds to the amount done.

Thus, by obtaining the difference image, the amount of waste supplied onto the grate can be measured, and accurate and rapid measurement becomes possible.

Further, in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth inventions, regarding the thermal data of waste, the thermal image is obtained by processing the differential thermal data of the difference between the first thermal data and the second thermal data. The amount of waste supplied on the grate can be measured without producing, and accurate and rapid measurement is performed.

As described above, in the first, third, fifth, and seventh inventions, the present invention captures the waste on the receiving bed and the grate with an infrared camera at an arbitrary time to obtain a first thermal image. By obtaining a second image after a predetermined time, the amount of waste supplied from the difference image to the grate, and in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth inventions, at any time as thermal data. Since it was decided to obtain the amount of waste supplied to the grate from the differential heat data based on the first heat data and the second heat data after a predetermined time, the amount of waste supplied on the grate was determined by burning the waste. It can be measured accurately and quickly by measuring directly when the waste falls from the receiving bed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the effect that the operating end of the incinerator can be quickly and accurately controlled in response to the supply amount.

It is a schematic block diagram of the waste incinerator provided with the waste supply amount measuring apparatus as one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the bed, the grate, and the infrared camera in the apparatus of FIG. 1, and the field of view of an infrared camera. It is the figure which showed the field of view of the infrared camera in the width direction and the height direction of a furnace, and is the figure which omitted the illustration of waste. It is a figure which shows the waste in FIG. It is a figure which shows the 1st thermal image which imaged the waste at an arbitrary time. It is a figure which shows the 2nd thermal image which imaged the waste after the lapse of a predetermined time from an arbitrary time. It is a figure of the differential thermal image obtained from the 1st thermal image and the 2nd thermal image. Thermal data as another embodiment of the present invention are shown, (A) is thermal data at an arbitrary time (time: 0 seconds), (B) is thermal data after a predetermined time (time: 10 seconds), and (C) is ( It is the differential thermal data of A) and (B).

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and can be implemented in various forms without changing the gist of the invention. Further, the technical scope of the present invention extends to an even range.

First, the basic configuration of the grate-type waste incinerator according to the embodiment of the present invention, the configuration and operation of the operation end for adjusting the operating conditions of the waste incinerator will be described.

<Basic configuration of grate type waste incinerator>
FIG. 1 shows an outline configuration of a grate-type waste incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, the outline of the basic configuration and the incinerator method of the grate type waste incinerator according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described, and then the details of each component device will be described. In this embodiment, the upstream side (left side in FIG. 1) of the combustion chamber in the moving direction of waste in the combustion chamber (the direction of the furnace length extending to the left and right in FIG. 1) is referred to as a front portion, and the downstream side is referred to as a rear portion.

The grate-type waste incinerator 1 (hereinafter referred to as “incinerator 1”) according to the present embodiment is above the combustion chamber 2 and the upstream side (left side in FIG. 1) in the waste flow direction of the combustion chamber 2. The waste input port 3 is arranged in the incinerator 2 and has an opening formed at the upper end of the chute 4 for charging the waste into the combustion chamber 2, and the downstream side of the combustion chamber 2 in the waste flow direction (right side in FIG. 1). It is a grate type waste incinerator equipped with a waste heat boiler (not shown) that is continuously installed above. The receiving floor 4A located at the lower end of the chute 4 is provided with a dust feeder 12 described later, which pushes the waste on the receiving floor 4A toward the combustion chamber 2 to the downstream side.

At the bottom of the combustion chamber 2, a grate (stalker) 5 for burning waste while moving it is provided. The grate 5 is provided in the order of the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c from the side closer to the waste input port 3, that is, from the upstream side, and the dry grate 5a and the combustion fire are provided. A waste layer W is formed on the lattice 5b. These grate 5a to 5c are interlocked with each other by a drive mechanism described later to transport the waste forward and downstream.

In the dry grate 5a, waste is mainly dried and ignited. In the combustion grate 5b, the waste is mainly thermally decomposed and partially oxidized, and the combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition and the solid content are burned, and a flame is formed when the combustible gas burns. On the post-combustion grate 5c, the unburned solids in the remaining waste are completely burned. When the solid content in the waste burns, no flame is generated and it burns violently. The combustion ash after complete combustion is discharged from the ash discharge port 6.

Wind boxes 7a, 7b, and 7c are provided below the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c in the combustion chamber 2, respectively. The combustion primary air P supplied by the blower 8 as the combustion primary air supply means described later is supplied to the above-mentioned air boxes 7a, 7b, 7c through the combustion primary air supply pipe 9, and is supplied to each grate 5a. , 5b, 5c are supplied into the combustion chamber 2. The primary combustion air P supplied from under the grate is used for drying and burning the waste on the grate 5a, 5b, 5c, as well as the cooling action of the grate 5a, 5b, 5c, and the waste. Has a stirring action.

A waste heat boiler (not shown) is continuously installed at the outlet on the downstream side of the combustion chamber 2, and the vicinity of the inlet of the waste heat boiler is the unburned portion (not yet) of the combustible gas in the gas discharged from the combustion chamber 2. It is a secondary combustion chamber 10 that burns (combustion gas). The secondary combustion gas is blown into the secondary combustion chamber 10 which is a part of the waste heat boiler, the unburned gas is secondarily burned, and after this secondary combustion, the combustion exhaust gas is recovered by the waste heat boiler. It generates steam and the steam is used in the generator. After the heat is recovered, the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler is removed of acid gas by slaked lime, etc. in an exhaust gas treatment device system (not shown), and then sent to a dust remover (not shown), reaction products, dust, etc. Is recovered. The combustion exhaust gas after being detoxified by the dust removing device is attracted by an attracting fan (not shown) and discharged from the chimney into the atmosphere.

In the grate type waste incinerator having such a basic configuration, the incinerator 1 according to the present embodiment serves as an operating end that is a control target of the operating conditions of the waste incinerator in order to stabilize the combustion of the waste. Drive of the primary air blowing means for supplying the primary air P for combustion from below the grate 5 into the furnace, the dust supply machine 12 for sending the waste input from the waste input port 3 to the grate 5, and the grate 5. It has a mechanism. Further, the incinerator 1 captures thermal images of waste on the receiving bed 4A and waste on the grate 5 on the upstream side in order to acquire information necessary for controlling these operating ends. It has an image processing device 14 that processes the image information of the image taken by the camera 13 and derives the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed 4A to the grate 5, and further, the incinerator 1 is based on the derived amount of waste supplied. It has a control device 15 for controlling the operating conditions at the operation end of the above. Hereinafter, these operating ends and the control device 15 will be described.

<Primary air blowing means>
In the present embodiment, the incinerator 1 is provided with a primary air blowing means for blowing the combustion primary air P as described above. The primary air blowing means passes the combustion primary air P from the air supply source (not shown) through the combustion primary air supply pipe 9 to the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c. The air boxes 7a, 7b, and 7c are fed from the branch supply pipes, and the primary air supply pipe 9 for combustion includes a blower 8, a damper 11 as a primary air supply amount adjusting mechanism, and primary air for combustion. A heating device 16 is provided.

In the combustion primary air P, air taken in from the outside by the blower 8 is heated by the combustion primary air heating device 16, and passes through the combustion primary air supply pipe 9 to dry grate 5a, combustion grate 5b, and post-combustion. After being supplied to the air boxes 7a, 7b, 7c provided at the lower portions of the grate 5c, the air is supplied into the combustion chamber 2 through the grate 5a, 5b, 5c. The supply amount of the combustion primary air P supplied into the combustion chamber 2 is adjusted by the damper 11 for adjusting the primary air supply amount provided in the combustion primary air supply pipe 9. The temperature of the combustion primary air P is adjusted by controlling the heat exchange conditions with the steam generated in the boiler, for example, in the combustion primary air heating device 16. Further, the configurations of the air boxes 7a, 7b, 7c and the combustion primary air supply pipe 9 for supplying the combustion primary air P are not limited to those shown in the figure, and are appropriately determined depending on the scale, shape, application, etc. of the incinerator. Can be selected.

<Dust dispenser>
In the present embodiment, it has a rod-shaped extrusion member (pusher) that reciprocates in the front-rear direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1) directly above the receiving floor 4A located at the lower end of the chute 4 (see arrow X in FIG. 1). A dust feeder 12 is provided.

In the dust feeder 12, the extrusion member repeatedly reciprocates between the extrusion start point (left end position) and the extrusion end point (right end position), and receives the bottom of the chute 4 when moving forward (advancing toward the combustion chamber 2). The waste on the floor 4A is pushed out, and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the dry grate 5a in the upstream portion (the left end side portion in FIG. 1) in the combustion chamber 2. The dust supply machine 12 can control the supply speed (supply amount per unit time) of waste to the dry grate 5a by changing the number of reciprocating movements or the reciprocating speed of the dust supply machine 12 per unit time. It is supposed to be.

<Grate drive mechanism>
The dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c are connected by a link so as to interlock with each other, and when they reciprocate back and forth by a drive mechanism (not shown) and move backward toward the downstream side. Transport the waste to the downstream side. The drive mechanism makes it possible to control the transport speed (waste transport amount per unit time) of the grate 5 by changing the number of reciprocating movements or the reciprocating speed of the grate 5 per unit time.

<Infrared camera and image processing device>
An infrared camera 13 is arranged on the side wall 2A on the downstream side of the combustion chamber 2. The infrared camera 13 may be arranged outside the furnace in the vicinity of the monitoring window provided on the side wall 2A, or may have a water-cooled structure and may be arranged inside the furnace. The infrared camera 13 has an imaging field of view that extends in the vertical direction of the furnace and in the width direction of the furnace (direction perpendicular to the paper surface), and heats the thermographic information of the waste on the receiving bed 4A and the grate 5 in this field of view. It can be obtained as image information. Since the wavelength of infrared rays emitted from waste is different from the wavelength of infrared rays emitted from hot gas in space and flames, the infrared camera 13 can generate flames in the imaging field by appropriately selecting the infrared wavelengths to be measured. It is possible to obtain thermal image information about only waste even if it exists. In the present embodiment, the imaging range in the furnace width direction and the furnace length direction by the infrared camera 13 is set, and the thermal image information of the waste on the receiving bed 4A and the grate 5 located at the lower end of the chute 4 is obtained. be able to.

An image processing device 14 for processing the obtained thermal image information is connected to the infrared camera 13. The image processing device 14 processes the thermal image information received from the infrared camera 13 as data, and derives the amount of fall supply of waste from the receiving bed 4A onto the grate 5a.

The image processing device 14 is connected to the control device 15. The control device 15 is a feeding mechanism (not shown) of the dust feeder 12 and the grate 5 that supply the waste to the grate 5 as the operation end based on the amount of the waste fall supply obtained by the image processing device 14. ), The damper 11 of the primary air blowing means, the feed mechanism of the grate 5, the damper 11, and the primary air heating for combustion so as to send a command signal for controlling the primary air heating device 16 for combustion. It is connected to the device 16.

The image processing procedure in the image processing device 14 and the control method by the control device 15 will be described in detail in the item of <combustion control> described later regarding the operation of the device.

Next, the outline of the incinerator state in the waste incinerator of the present embodiment configured as described above, the derivation of the waste supply amount, and the waste combustion control will be sequentially described.

<Overview of incinerator status>
First, when the waste is thrown into the chute 4 from the waste inlet 3, the waste that has fallen on the receiving floor 4A is moved on the dry grate 5a in the combustion chamber 2 by the reciprocating movement of the dust feeder 12. During the reciprocating movement of each grate 5a to 5c driven by a drive mechanism (not shown), it is dropped and supplied to the fire grate 5b and sequentially moves onto the combustion grate 5b and then onto the post-combustion grate 5c, and each fire. A layer of waste is formed on the lattices 5a-5c. From below each grate 5a to 5c, the primary air P for combustion, whose flow rate is controlled by the damper 11 and heated by the primary air heating device 16, is supplied via the air boxes 7a, 7b, 7c, thereby each fire. The waste on the grids 5a-5c is dried and burned.

Waste is mainly dried and ignited on the dry grate 5a. That is, the waste on the dry grate 5a is dried in the upstream range of the dry grate 5a, ignited in the downstream range of the dry grate 5a, and reaches the upstream range (front part) of the combustion grate 5b. Combustion starts in the range of. On the combustion grate 5b, the waste is mainly thermally decomposed and partially oxidized to generate a combustible gas, and the combustible gas is burned with a flame and the solid content in the waste is burned. Combustion of waste is substantially complete on the combustion grate 5b. On the post-combustion grate 5c, unburned components such as fixed carbon in the remaining waste are completely burned. In the region after the burn-off point, the solid unburned component (char) in the waste is burned, and the combustion ash after complete combustion is discharged from the ash discharge port 6.

As described above, a waste heat boiler is continuously installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber 2, and the vicinity of the inlet of the waste heat boiler is the secondary combustion chamber 10. Therefore, the unburned gas generated in the combustion chamber 2 is guided to the secondary combustion chamber 10, where it is mixed and agitated with the secondary combustion air, and the secondary combustion is performed. After the secondary combustion, the exhaust gas is recovered by the waste heat boiler. After the heat is recovered, the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler is removed of acid gas by slaked lime or the like, and further sent to a dust removing device (not shown) to recover reaction products, dust and the like. The exhaust gas after being detoxified by the dust removing device is attracted by an attracting fan (not shown) and discharged from the chimney into the atmosphere. As the dust remover, for example, a dust remover such as a bug filter method or an electrostatic precipitator can be used.

<Derivation of waste supply amount>
(1) Thermal image information of waste By imaging with the infrared camera 13, thermal image information (thermography information) of waste on the receiving bed 4A located at the lower end of the chute 4 and waste on the grate 5 can be obtained. Since the wavelength of infrared rays emitted from waste is different from the wavelength of infrared rays emitted from high-temperature gas and flame in the space inside the combustion chamber 2, the infrared camera 13 has a flame within the imaging range by selecting the wavelength to be measured. It is possible to obtain thermal image information about only waste even if it exists.

The imaging range of the infrared camera 13 is as shown in FIG. 2 when viewed from the furnace width direction facing the side walls of the combustion chamber 2 perpendicular to the waste flow direction on the grate 5. In addition, it covers the waste on the receiving bed 4A and the grate 5, especially the waste on the dry grate 5a in the flow direction and the height direction of the waste.

3 and 4 show the range of the image pickup range of the infrared camera 13 in the furnace width direction and the height direction when viewed from the waste flow direction, and FIG. 3 shows a state in which the waste is not shown. Reference numeral 4B indicates a stepped wall between the receiving bed 4A and the dry grate 5a. FIG. 4 shows a state in which waste is present on the receiving floor 4A and the dry grate 5a at an arbitrary time. That is, when waste is present on the receiving floor 4A and on the dry grate 5a, the thermal image obtained by the infrared camera 13 is as shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a first thermal image of the waste at an arbitrary time, and FIG. 6 is a second thermal image of the waste after a predetermined time has elapsed from the time of the state of FIG. 5. FIG. It shows a state in which a part of the waste on the receiving bed 4 is dropped and supplied onto the dry grate 5a. In addition, in order to make it easy to understand some of the above wastes, they are shown in black in the first heat image and the second heat image.

(2) Image processing The first thermal image and the second thermal image obtained by the infrared camera 13 are sent to the image processing device 14. The image processing device 14 generates a difference image from images obtained from both the first thermal image and the second thermal image. That is, only the difference image before and after the fall of the waste, which is painted black in FIGS. 5 and 6, is obtained as a white portion as shown in FIG. 7, and the others are not left as an image in FIG. 7. As a result, based on the size of the difference image of the waste before the upper fall or after the lower fall shown in FIG. 7, the supply amount of the waste supplied from the receiving bed 4A onto the dry grate 5a is known. It can be obtained, and if this supply amount is divided by the imaging interval time of the first heat image and the second heat image, the supply amount per unit time can be obtained. Thus, based on this difference image, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving bed 4A to the dry grate 5a can be accurately and quickly obtained before the waste is burned.

<Heat data processing>
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the supply amount of the waste is obtained based on the size of the difference image, but the present invention is not limited to this, and as another embodiment, the temperature of the surface of the waste is shown. Supply of waste falling from the receiving bed 4A onto the grate 5 based on the heat data, specifically the difference heat data between the first heat data at an arbitrary time and the second heat data after a predetermined time. You can also derive the quantity. At this time, the amount of waste supplied is derived by a thermal data processing device provided in place of the image processing device 14 described above.

For example, as shown in FIG. 8 (A), an arbitrary time (<time 0 seconds> in the case of illustration) and after a predetermined time (<time 10 seconds in the case of illustration>) as shown in FIG. 8 (B). ), The field of view of the infrared camera 13 is set as a large number of divided pixels, and thermal data (the temperature of the surface of the waste in the example of FIG. 8) is obtained for each pixel. In the case of FIG. 8, a part of a large number of pixels in the field of view of the infrared camera 13 is shown as an example. In FIG. 8, as the thermal data measured by the infrared camera 13, the temperature distribution for each of the plurality of pixels as the first thermal data at <time 0 seconds> seen in FIG. 8 (A). The temperature distribution for each of the above pixels as the second heat data at <time 10 seconds> seen in FIG. 8B is obtained. Next, as the differential heat data between the first heat data and the second heat data, the temperature difference is obtained for each corresponding pixel, and this is used as the differential heat data as shown in FIG. 8C. If the difference between the pixels in the thermal data of FIG. 8C is positive and the absolute value is equal to or more than the predetermined value, or the difference is negative and the absolute value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the size is increased. Since it corresponds to the amount of waste supplied, it is possible to derive the amount of waste supplied without generating a thermal image by obtaining differential thermal data for each of the above pixels and expanding this for all pixels. ..

The example of FIG. 8 will be specifically described. In <time 0 seconds> in FIG. 8A, the temperature of the surface of the waste is uniform at 600 ° C. in each pixel before falling. FIG. 8B shows thermal data when a part of the waste on the receiving floor falls on the dry grate 5a at <time 10 seconds>. At <time 10 seconds>, a part of the waste is already heated on the dry grate 5a and falls onto the waste that has been heated. In addition, the waste whose surface has not been heated is exposed at the position where a part of the waste was on the receiving floor. As a result, as seen in FIG. 8B, the temperature in each pixel varies from 550 ° C to 700 ° C. The temperature difference (difference heat data) for each pixel at these two times is distributed as 0, + 50 ° C, −50 ° C, + 100 ° C, −100 ° C depending on the pixel, as shown in FIG. 8C. Here, if this is imaged as shown in FIG. 7, the difference image becomes black if the difference is 0, and the difference image becomes white as the absolute value of the difference becomes larger. In the example of FIG. 8, the absolute value of the above difference as the temperature value before imaging can be obtained without imaging, and the supply amount of waste can be obtained based on the integrated value.

<Combustion control>
In this embodiment or another embodiment, the image processing apparatus 14 obtains the waste supply amount based on the differential thermal image, or the thermal data processing apparatus obtains the waste supply amount based on the differential thermal data, and the control device 15 Is designed to control combustion based on the amount of waste supplied. In the combustion control, according to the supply amount of the obtained waste, the operation end described above, that is, the primary air blowing means, the dust supply machine 12 so that the control device 15 performs combustion corresponding to the supply amount of the waste. , The drive mechanism of the grate 5 is adjusted and operated. Hereinafter, the combustion control based on the amount of waste supplied by the control device 15 will be described.

The control device 15 obtains the current value of the waste supply amount from the image processing device 14 or the thermal data processing device, and the current value of the waste supply amount is already set in an appropriate predetermined range (hereinafter, “predetermined supply amount”). Compared with (referred to as "range"), it is determined whether or not the current value of the waste supply amount is within the predetermined supply amount range.

When the current value of the waste supply amount is within the predetermined supply amount range, the control device 15 determines that the waste supply amount is appropriate and the combustion is performed well, and at that time. The operating conditions such as the waste supply speed of the dust dispenser 12, the waste transport speed of the grate, the amount of primary air for combustion, and the temperature of the primary air for combustion are maintained as they are without being changed.

Next, if the current value of the waste supply amount is higher than the predetermined supply amount range, it means that the waste supply amount to the grate 5 is larger than the appropriate amount under the operating conditions at that time. Therefore, in order to change the operating conditions so as to reduce the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and to reduce the amount of waste on the grate 5, the control device 15 is changed to the dust supply machine 12. On the other hand, a command to reduce the waste supply speed and reduce the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5, increase the waste transfer speed to the drive mechanism of the grate 5 and move the waste on the grate 5 downstream. A command to promptly transport the waste to the grate 5 and promote the contact between the waste and the primary air P for combustion to promote the combustion of the waste by stirring, and the damper 11 is burned with a larger opening. Issued at least one of the commands to increase the amount of primary air for waste and promote the combustion of waste, and to raise the temperature of the primary air for combustion to the primary air heating device 16 for combustion to promote the combustion of waste. Therefore, the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 is reduced, the combustion of the waste in the grate 5 is promoted, and the amount of waste on the grate 5 is reduced. As a result, the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and the amount of waste on the grate 5 become appropriate, and the waste is burned satisfactorily.

Next, if the current value of the waste supply amount is lower than the predetermined supply amount range, it means that the waste supply amount to the grate 5 is less than the appropriate amount under the operating conditions at that time. Therefore, in order to change the operating conditions so as to increase the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and to increase the amount of waste on the grate 5, the control device 15 is changed to the dust supply machine 12. On the other hand, a command to increase the waste supply speed and increase the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5, lower the waste transfer speed to the drive mechanism of the grate 5 and move the waste on the grate 5 downstream. A command to slowly transport the waste to the grate 5 to mitigate the combustion of waste, a command to reduce the opening of the damper 11 to reduce the amount of primary air for combustion and alleviate the combustion of waste, and to heat the primary air for combustion. At least one of the commands for lowering the temperature of the primary air for combustion and mitigating the combustion of waste is issued to the device 16 to increase the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and to increase the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and to increase the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5. Mitigates waste combustion and increases the amount of waste on the grate. As a result, the amount of waste supplied to the grate 5 and the amount of waste on the grate 5 become appropriate, and the waste is burned satisfactorily.

1 Incinerator 2 Combustion chamber 4 Chute 4A Receiving floor 5 Grate 13 Infrared camera 14 Image processing device 15 Control device

Claims (12)

The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the waste supply measuring device in the grate type waste incinerator
An infrared camera mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber and capturing images of waste on the floor and on the grate to obtain thermal images.
An image processing device for processing a thermal image from the infrared camera is provided .
The image processing apparatus captures the waste on the bed and on the grate at an arbitrary time to obtain a first thermal image, and after a predetermined time from the time when the first thermal image is captured, the image processing apparatus on the bed and on the bed. In the difference image obtained by image processing the difference from the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste on the grate, the waste that has fallen on the grate is extracted from the receiving bed. Based on the size of the extracted waste before falling from the receiving floor or after falling onto the grate, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving floor to the grate is obtained. Waste supply amount measuring device. The imaging range of the infrared camera is the range of the receiving floor and the dry grate adjacent to the receiving floor of the grate.
The image processing device extracts only the waste that has fallen from the receiving floor onto the dry grate in the difference image.
The waste supply amount measuring device according to claim 1. The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the waste supply measuring device in the grate type waste incinerator
A thermal data acquisition device mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the bed and on the dry grate adjacent to the bed of the grate.
A thermal data processing device for processing the thermal data from the thermal data acquisition device is provided .
The thermal data processing apparatus includes the first heat data obtained from the waste on the bed and the dry grate at an arbitrary time, and the first heat data on the bed and on the bed after a predetermined time from the acquisition time of the first heat data. In the differential thermal data obtained by heat data processing the difference from the second thermal data obtained from the waste on the dry grate, the difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data is positive and the absolute value is a predetermined value. Disposal from the receiving bed to the dry grate based on the integrated value obtained by integrating the number of pixels as described above or the number of pixels in which the difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data is negative and the absolute value is equal to or more than a predetermined value. A waste supply measuring device characterized in that the supply of goods is obtained. The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In a waste incinerator with a grate-type waste incinerator
An infrared camera mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber and capturing images of waste on the floor and on the grate to obtain thermal images.
An image processing device that processes thermal images from the infrared camera, and
It is equipped with a control device that receives an output from the image processing device and controls the grate type waste incinerator.
The image processing apparatus captures the waste on the bed and on the grate at an arbitrary time to obtain a first thermal image, and after a predetermined time from the time of capturing the first thermal image, the image processing apparatus on the bed and on the bed. In the difference image obtained by image processing the difference from the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste on the grate, the waste that has fallen on the grate is extracted from the receiving bed. Based on the size of the extracted waste before falling from the receiving floor or after falling onto the grate, the amount of waste supplied from the receiving floor to the grate was obtained.
The control device is a waste incinerator that emits a signal for controlling an operating end of the grate type waste incinerator based on the supply amount of the waste obtained by the image processing device. The imaging range of the infrared camera is the range of the receiving floor and the dry grate adjacent to the receiving floor of the grate.
The image processing device extracts only the waste that has fallen from the receiving floor onto the dry grate in the difference image.
The waste incinerator according to claim 4. The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In a waste incinerator with a grate-type waste incinerator
A thermal data acquisition device mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain thermal data of the waste from the waste on the bed and on the dry grate adjacent to the bed of the grate.
A thermal data processing device that processes the thermal data from the thermal data acquisition device, and
A control device for controlling the grate-type waste incinerator by receiving an output from the heat data processing device is provided .
The heat data processing apparatus is capable of obtaining first heat data obtained from waste on the bed and on the drying grate at an arbitrary time, and drying on the bed and drying after a predetermined time from the acquisition of the first heat data. In the differential thermal data obtained by heat data processing the difference from the second thermal data obtained from the waste on the grate, the difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data is positive and the absolute value is equal to or more than a predetermined value. Waste from the receiving floor to the dry grate based on the integrated value obtained by integrating the number of pixels of the above or the integrated value of the number of pixels in which the difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data is negative and the absolute value is equal to or more than a predetermined value . To find the supply amount of
The control device is a waste incinerator that emits a signal for controlling an operating end of the grate type waste incinerator based on the supply amount of the waste obtained by the thermal data processing device. .. The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the method of measuring the amount of waste supplied in a grate-type waste incinerator,
An imaging step of imaging waste on the floor and on the grate with an infrared camera mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain a thermal image.
It includes an image processing step of processing a thermal image obtained by the infrared camera with an image processing apparatus.
In the image processing step , the image processing apparatus captures the waste on the bed and on the grate at an arbitrary time to obtain a first thermal image, and a predetermined time from the time of capturing the first thermal image. Disposal that fell from the basin onto the grate by the difference image obtained by image processing the difference from the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste on the basin and the grate later. The amount of waste supplied from the basin to the grate is determined based on the size of the extracted waste before it falls from the basin or after it falls on the grate . A method for measuring the amount of waste supply, which is characterized by obtaining. The imaging range of the infrared camera is defined as the range of the receiving floor and the dry grate adjacent to the receiving floor of the grate.
In the image processing step, the image processing apparatus extracts only the waste that has fallen from the receiving bed onto the drying grate in the difference image.
The waste supply amount measuring method according to claim 7, wherein the waste supply amount is measured. The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the method of measuring the amount of waste supplied in a grate-type waste incinerator,
Heat to obtain heat data of the waste from the waste on the receiving bed and on the dry grate adjacent to the receiving bed in the grate by the heat data acquisition device mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber. Data acquisition process and
The thermal data processing step of processing the thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition apparatus by the thermal data processing apparatus is included .
In the heat data processing step , the heat data processing apparatus receives the first heat data obtained from the waste on the bed and the dry grate at an arbitrary time, and a predetermined time from the time when the first heat data is acquired. In the differential thermal data obtained by heat data processing the difference from the second thermal data obtained from the waste on the bed and on the dry grate later, the difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data is positive. Based on the integrated value obtained by integrating the number of pixels whose absolute value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, or the number of pixels whose absolute value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value with a negative difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data, the drying is performed from the receiving bed. A method for measuring the amount of waste supply, which is characterized by determining the amount of waste supplied onto the grate. The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the waste incineration method in the grate type waste incinerator,
An imaging step of imaging waste on the floor and on the grate with an infrared camera mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber to obtain a thermal image.
An image processing step of processing a thermal image obtained by the infrared camera with an image processing device, and
A control step of controlling the grate type waste incinerator by the control device by the output obtained by the image processing device is included .
In the image processing step , the image processing apparatus captures the waste on the bed and on the grate at an arbitrary time to obtain a first thermal image, and a predetermined time from the time of capturing the first thermal image. Disposal that fell from the basin onto the grate by the difference image obtained by image processing the difference from the second thermal image obtained by imaging the waste on the basin and the grate later. The amount of waste supplied from the basin to the grate is determined based on the size of the extracted waste before it falls from the basin or after it falls on the grate . Ask,
In the control step , the control device controls the operation end of the grate-type waste incinerator based on the supply amount of waste from the receiving bed to the grate obtained in the image processing step. A waste incinerator method characterized by doing so. The imaging range of the infrared camera is defined as the range of the receiving floor and the dry grate adjacent to the receiving floor of the grate.
In the image processing step, the image processing apparatus extracts only the waste that has fallen from the receiving bed onto the drying grate in the difference image.
The waste incinerator method according to claim 10, characterized in that. The waste on the receiving floor located at the bottom of the chute that receives the input of waste is pushed out toward the front combustion chamber , and the waste is dropped and supplied onto the grate located below the receiving floor. In the waste incineration method in the grate type waste incinerator,
Heat to obtain heat data of the waste from the waste on the receiving bed and on the dry grate adjacent to the receiving bed in the grate by the heat data acquisition device mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber. Data acquisition process and
A thermal data processing step of processing the thermal data obtained by the thermal data acquisition apparatus by the thermal data processing apparatus , and
The control step of controlling the grate type waste incinerator by the control device by the output obtained by the thermal data processing device is included .
In the heat data processing step , the heat data processing apparatus receives the first heat data obtained from the waste on the bed and the dry grate at an arbitrary time, and a predetermined time from the acquisition time of the first heat data. In the differential thermal data obtained by heat data processing the difference from the second thermal data obtained from the waste on the bed and on the dry grate later, the difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data is positive. Based on the integrated value obtained by integrating the number of pixels whose absolute value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, or the number of pixels whose absolute value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and the difference for each pixel in the differential thermal data is negative, the drying is performed from the receiving bed. Finding the amount of waste supplied on the grate,
In the control step , the control device is an operating end of the grate-type waste incinerator based on the supply amount of waste from the receiving bed to the dry grate obtained in the thermal data processing step . A waste incinerator method characterized by controlling.

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